1、1 八年级下册英语短语、句型及语法八年级下册英语短语、句型及语法 Unit 1 Whats the matter? 一、重点短语 1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽 3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多 5. drink enough water 喝足够的水 6. have a cold 受凉;感冒 7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼 9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛 10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息 1
2、1. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12. see a dentist 看牙医 13. get an X-ray 拍 X 光片 14. take one s temperature 量体温 15. put some medicine on sth. 在上面敷药 16. feel very hot 感到很热 17. sound like 听起来像 18. all weekend 整个周末 19. in the same way 以同样的方式 20. go to a doctor 看医生 21. go along 沿着走 22. on the side of the roa
3、d 在马路边 23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without th inking twice 没有多想 25. get off 下车 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 27. to one s surprise 使. 京讶的 28. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于 29. in time 及时 30. save a life 挽救生命 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦 32. right away 立刻；马上 33. because of 由于 34. get out of 离开;从出萍 35. hurt oneself
4、受伤 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 37. fa ll down 摔倒 38. feel sick 感到恶心 39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难 43. mountain climbing 登山运动 44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 45. run out (of) 用完;用尽 46. so that 以便 47. so. . . that 如此
5、 以至于 48. be in control of 掌管;管理 49. in a difficult situation 在闲境屮 50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 51. make a decision 做出决定 2 52. take risks 冒险 53. give up 放弃 二、重点句型 1. What s the matter? What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？ 2. What should she do?她该怎
6、么办呢？ Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？ 主语+ should/shouldnt + 动词原形. . You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。 You shouldn t go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。 3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？ 4. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地
7、坐得太久了。 5. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital 三、语法点 （一） 、 询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法 (1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达： Whats the matter (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？ Whats wrong (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？ Whats the trouble (with sb)?（某人）出什么事了？ What happened (to sb)?（某人）发生了什么事？ Are you OK
8、?你没事吧？ Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？ (2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构： 某人+have/has+病症 The twins have colds双胞胎感冒了。 Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache. She had a stomachache last night她昨晚肚子痛。 某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位 He has a sore throat他喉咙痛。 某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词 He hurt hi
9、s leg.他的腿受伤了。 某部位+hurt(s). My head hurts badly我头痛得厉害。 某人+have/has+a pain+in ones+身体部位， I have a pain in my chest我胸口痛。 (There is)something wrong with ones+身体部 位 There is something wrong with my right eye 我的右眼有毛病。 其他表达方式 She has a heart trouble她有心脏病。 3 He got hit on the head 他头部受到了撞击。 She cut her fing
10、er她割破手指了。 二 情态动词 should 的用法 1Should 为情态动词，意为“应该；应当” ，否定式为 shouldnt，其后接动词原形，无人 称 和 数 的 变 化 。 常 用 来 表 示 征 询 意 见 、 建 议 、 劝 告 、 要 求 或 义 务 等。 You should drink hot water with honey 你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开 水。 He should put his head back 他应该把头后仰。 We should try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。 You shouldnt watch TV.你不应该
11、看电视。 2Should 用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。 Should I put some medicine on it? 我应当给它敷上药吗？ Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？ 【拓展】在英 语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有： Would you like (to do) sth？你想要愿意（做）某事吗？ Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗？ Shall I/we do sth ?我我们做好吗？ Shall we go to th
12、e zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？ Why not do sth ?为什么不呢？ Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？ How/What about doing sth ? 做 某 事 怎么 样 ？ How about going swimming? 去 游 泳 怎 么 样？ Lets do sth 让我们做吧。Lets go home咱们回家吧。 Youd better (not) do sth 你最好（不）要做某事。 Youd better not go there alone你最好不要独自去那儿。 Unit 2 I ll help to cle
13、an up the city parks. 一、重点短语 1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 2. an old peoples home 养老院 3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 4. used to 曾经 过去_ 5. care for 关心;照顾 6. the look of joy 快乐的表情 7. at the age of 在.岁时 8.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀 10. give out 分发;散发 11. come up with 想出；提出 12. make a plan 制订计划 13.
14、make some notices 做些公告牌 14. try out 试用;试行 15. work for 为工作；为. 效力 16. put up 建造;举起;张贴 17. hand out 分发;散发;发给 18. call up 打电话;召集 19. put off 推迟;延迟 20. for example 比如；例如 21. raise money 筹钱;募捐 22. take after 与.相像;像 23. give away 赠送;捐赠 24. fix up 修理;修补;解决 4 25. be similar to 与相似 26. set up 建立;设立 27. disab
15、led people 残疾人 28. make a difference 影响;有作用 29. be able to 能够 30. after-school reading program 课外阅读项目 二、重点句型 1. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。 2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. 清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。 3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 每周
16、六上午，他都在一家动物医院当志愿者。 4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。 5. you can see in th e ir eyes that they re going on a different journey w ith each new book. 从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。 6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal
17、 hospital until next summer. 我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。 7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money. 现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。 8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。 三、语法点 动词不定式 A. 作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用 it 作为形式主语，而 真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常
18、用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth. B. 作宾语动词 want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接动词不定式作宾语。 C. 作 （后置） 定语常用于 “have/hassth.to do”或 “enough名to do”“Its time to do sth.”等结构中。 5 D. 作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, ca
19、ll等可接带to的动词不定 式作宾语补足语，构成 tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。 【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去 to： “一感 (feel)， 二听(listen to, hear)， 三让(let, make, have,， 四看(look at, see, watch, notice)， 半帮助(help)” 。 E. 动词不定式作状语 主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调 目的， 有时可以把动词不定式放在句首， 或在不定式前加 in order (to) 或 so as (to) “为了，
20、目的是” 。常用结构有 too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。 F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有： had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 重点短语 go out for dinner 出去吃饭 stay out late 在外面待到很晚 go to the movies 去看电影 get a ride 搭车 wo
21、rk on 从事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 clean and tid y 干净整洁 do the dishes 洗餐具 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 fold your/the clothes 叠衣服 sweep the floor 扫地 make your/the bed 整理床铺 clean the livng room 打扫客厅 no problem 没问题 welcome sb. 欢迎某人 come home fro m school/ work 放学/下班回家 throw down 扔下 sit down 坐下 come over 过来 t
22、ake sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 all the time 一直;总是 all day/evening 整曰/夜 do housew ork 做家务 shout back 大声回应 walk away 走开 .share the housework 分担家务 a com fortable home 一个舒适的家 in surprise 惊讶地 get som ething to drin k 拿点喝的东西 watch one show 观看一个节目 hang out 闲逛 pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人 lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 get sth.
23、 wet 使某物弄湿 6 hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 do chores 做杂务 help sb. (to ) d o /with sth帮助某人干某事 bring a tent 带顶帐篷来 buy some snacks 买些小吃 go to the store 去商店 invite sb. to a party 邀请某人参加聚会 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 enough stress 足够的压力 awaste of time 浪费时间 in order to 为了 get good grades 取得好成绩 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 d
24、epend on 依赖;依靠 look after/take care of 照顾；照看 develop children s independence 发展孩子的独立性 do one s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事 二、重点句型 1. Could you please.do sth. ? Could you please clean your room?你能整理一下你的房间吗？ 2. I have to do some work.我必须干些活。 3. Could I+ do sth. ? Could I use your computer?我可以用一下你的电脑吗
25、？ 4. She won t be happy if she sees this mess.如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话,她会不 高兴的。 5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。 6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV . 我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。 7. hate + ( to do/ doing) sth. I hate to do chores.我讨厌做杂务。 三、语
26、法点 Could you please.?句型 （1）请求别人时通常用此句型，也可以说：Can you.please?情态动词 could 或 can 在这里均表示请求，在意思上无区别，但是用 could 在于其上显得更委婉、 客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用 could you/I.?若在句末加上 please，则显得更 礼貌。 Could you help me find my book,please?你能帮我找到我的书吗？ 7 （2）对 could you/I.?的问句作出肯定回答，常用“sure/certainly/of course”等； 如果作否定回答，常用“sorry 或 oh,p
27、lease dont”。 一般不用 no 开头，用 no 显 得语气生硬、不礼貌。 （3） 表示请求的句式： Would you like to do.? Would you mind doing.? Lets do. Shall I/we do.? Please do.(祈使句前加 please) 提示：could you please. 与 could I Please.两种问句，前者是请求别人帮忙的句式，后者是有礼貌地向别 人请求允许的交际用语。试比较： Could you please help me?请你帮我一下好 吗？ Could I please invite my friend
28、s to my birthday party,Mom? 妈妈， 我能邀请 我的朋友参加我的生日聚会吗？ Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents? 一、重点短语 1. have free time 有空闲时间 2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛 4. after-school classes 课外活动课 5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架 6. until midnight 直到半夜 7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈 8. t
29、oo many 太多 9. study too much 学得过多 10. get enough sleep 有足够的睡眠 11. write sb. a letter 给某人写信 12. call sb. up 打电话给某人 13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶 14. look through 翻看 15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 16. a big deal 重要的事 17. work out 成功地发展;解决 18. get on with 和睦相处 19. fight a lot 经常吵架/打架 20. hang over 笼罩 21. refuse
30、to do sth. 拒绝做某事 22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 23. so that 以便 24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事 25. all the time 一直 26. in future 今后 27. make sb. angry 使某人生气 28. worry about sth. 担心某事 29. copy one s homework 抄袭某人的作业 30. be oneself 做自己 31. family members 32. spend time alone 独自消磨时光 33. give sb. pressure
31、 给某人施压 34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架 35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争 36. free time activities 业余活动 37. get better grades 取得更好的成绩 38. give one s opinion 提出某人的观点 8 39. learn exam skills 学习应试技巧 40. practice sports 体育训练 41. cause stress 造成压力 42. cut out 删除 二、重点句型 1. I studied until mid night last night so
32、I did nt get enough sleep. 我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。 2. Why don t you forge t about it? 你为什么不忘掉它呢？ 3. Although she s wrong , i t s not a big deal. 虽然她错了,但这并不是什么大事儿。 4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say h es sorry. 他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。 5. May be you could go to his house. 也许你可以去他家。 6. I guess I cou
33、ld, but I dont want to surprise him. 我想我可以.但我不想让他感到惊讶。 三、语法点 1.提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的其 他表达方式：How /what about doing sth.?（about 是个介词，可跟名词或动名词） “怎么样？” Youd better (not) do something.“你最好 （不） 做某事” Would you like sth ?:“你想要某物 Lets do sth? What should I do ? ( should 表示请求、征 询对方意见) 2.学会谈论问题和学会用 why do
34、nt you提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议， 或征求某人的意见的表达方式： Why dont you do something? =Why not do something? 你为什么不做某事呢？ 来表示请求、征询对方意见 until, so that ,although 引导的状语从句： 1)until：在带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含 义是“一直到时” ，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义 是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Dont get off until the bus stops. 2）so tha
35、t 引导目的状语从句（为了，以便）例如：He studies hard so that he could work better in the future 9 3）although 的用法意思相当于 though（尽管，虽然） ，引导让步状语从句。引导 的从句不能与并列连词 but， and， so 等连用， 但可以和 yet， still 等词连用。 例 如：Although he was tired, he went on working.尽管他很累，但是他继续工作 Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 一、重点短语 1.
36、 make sure 确信;确认 2. beat against. 拍打 3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着 4. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 5. wake up 醒来 6. in a mess 一团糟 7. break. . apart 使分离 8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候 9. at the time of 当.时候 10. go off (闹钟)发出响声 11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡 12. miss the bus 错过公交车 13. pick up 接电话 14. bring. together 使靠拢
37、 15. in the area 在这个地区 16. miss the event 错过这个事件 17. by the side of the road 在路边 18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线 19. walk by 走路经过 20. make ones way to. . 在某人去的路上 21. hear the news 听到这个消息 22., important events in history 历史上的重大事件 23., for example 例如 24., be killed 被杀害 25., over 50 5 0 多(岁） 26. a schoo
38、l pupil 一个小学生 27. on the radio 通过广播 28., in silence 沉默;无声 29., more recently 最近地;新近 30., the World Trade Center 世贸中心 31., take down 拆除;摧毁 32., have meaning to 对有意义 33., remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 34., at first 首先;最初 二、重点句型 1. What were you doing at eight last night?昨晚 8 点你在干什么？ I was taking a shower
39、.我在洗淋浴。 2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner. 当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。 3. What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping? 10 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在干什么？ While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。 三、语法点 过去进行时 1. 基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进 行的 动
40、作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。 2. 结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing 3. 句式 肯定式： I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working. 否定式: I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They/ were not working. 疑问式和简略回答: Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not. W
41、as he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. Were we/you/they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not. 注： 1) was not 常缩略为 wasnt; were not 常缩略为 werent。 2) 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较: 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生 过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正 在进行的动作。 例如: David wrote a letter to hi
42、s friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他 的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。) David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。) 4.过去进行时中的 when 和 while when, while 区别： 1) 由 when 引导的时间状 语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时； 由 while 引导的时间状语 从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。 When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：
43、 While we were talking, the teacher came in. 2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时 候，多用 while 引导。如： They were singing while we were dancing. Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains 一、重点短语 1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事 2. as soon as . 一就. 3. once upon a time 从前 4. continue to do sth. 继续做某事 5. make sth. h
44、appen 使某事发生 6.try to do sth. 试图做某事 11 7. the journey to sp. .之旅 8. tell the/a story 讲故事 9. put on 穿上 10. a little b it 有点儿 11. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 12. give up 放弃 13. instead of 代替;反而 14. turn . . into 变成 15. get married 结婚 16. the main character 主要人物； 主人公 17. at other times 在另外一些时候 18. be able to
45、能;会 19. come out (书、 电影等)出版 20. become interested in. 对感兴趣 21. walk to the other side 走到另一边去 22. a fairy tale 一个神话故事 23. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分 24. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 25. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事 26. go to sleep 去睡觉 27. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地 28. get lost 迷路 29. change ones p
46、lan 改变计划 30. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 31. in the moonlight 在月光下 32. find one s way home 找到某人回家的路 33. the next day 第二天 34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地 二、重点句型 1. W hat do you th in k about/of. . ? So what do you th ink about the story of Yu Gong? 你觉得愚公的故事怎么样？ 2. It doesn t seem adj . to do sth . I t does
47、n t seem very possible to move -a mountain. 把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。 3. This is because. This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出 72 种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动 物或东西。 so th a t+从句 Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he c
48、an keep it in his ear. 有时候，他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小，以至于可以放在耳朵里。 5. It take sb. some time to do sth . 12 Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 这些（山）太高了，他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。 6 . not. . util 十从句 Don t eat it until you get to the forest.你们到达森林之后才能吃。 三、语法点 1. unless引导条件状语从句 unless
49、= if not 除非， 若不 They will go tomorrow unless it rains. = They will go tomorrow if it doesnt rains. 2. as soon as 引导时间状语从句。 就 He will come and see you as soon as he can. 3. so.that 引导结果状语从句 句型 1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that 从句 The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 句型2： so +形容词 + a/an + 单数
50、名词 + that从句 It was so hot a day that they all went swimming. 句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句 He has so few friends that he often feels lonely. 句型 4： so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句 I had so little money that I couldnt buy a pen. Unit 7 W hats the highest mountain in the world? 一、重点短语 1. as bi
