1、现在完成时现在完成时（一一） 一、一、现在完成时定义现在完成时定义： (1) 表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种 影响和结果。常被 just、already、yet 等副词修饰。例如： Have you had lunch yet? 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ Yes, I have. Ive just had it. 是的，吃过了。我刚刚吃过。 （现 在我不饿了） (2) 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个 动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有 for 和 since 等表示一 段时间的状语。 （注（注意： 句中谓语动词要用延续性动词意： 句中谓语动词要
2、用延续性动词， 对“for 和 since提问要用 how long）例如： He has taught here since 1981. 他自 1981 年就在这儿教书。 （可能还要继续教） I havent seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 (3) 现在完成时还可以表示一个动作到现在为止发生过多少现在完成时还可以表示一个动作到现在为止发生过多少 次。次。常带有 twice, ever, never, three times 等时间状语。 例如： I have already read this book three times. 这本书我已 经看过三次
3、了。 I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。 对多少次提问要用：How many times 二、二、现在完成时构成：现在完成时构成： havehas+过去分词（havehas 为助动词助动词，有人称变化） 四个基本句型四个基本句型： 肯定句： He has finished the work. 一般疑问句： Has he finished the work? 否定句： He has not finished the work. Yes ,he has./ No, he hasnt. 特殊疑问句：What has he done? 三、三、现在完成时与一般过
4、去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 现在完成时与一般过去时都表示在过去发生的动作，但现在 完成时强调这一动作与现 在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等。而一般过去时只表示过 去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。所以，表示过去固定时间的状语 只能与一般过去时连用，而不能与现在完成时连用。比较： 他把我的钢笔拿走了 A: He has taken my pen away .强调我现在没有钢笔用 B:He took my pen away ,(陈述“他拿走了钢笔”这一情况) She has gone to Shanghai . 她已去上海了。 （强调结果是 人不在这儿） She went to Sha
5、nghai a year ago .她一年前去过上海。 （只表明 她去过这件事实）实） 【辨别辨别】1. already. adv. “已经”多用于肯定句中，通常与动词的完 成时或进行时连用。 Ive seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。 The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。 2. yet. adv “已经、仍然、还”一般只用于否定句或疑问句，且 常常置于句末。如： He hasnt found his bike yet他还没有找到他的自行车。 Have you read Treasure Island yet? 你读过金银岛
6、？ 【注意注意】 already也可用于疑问句， 但不表真心的疑问， 而表“惊奇”。 它多置于句中。有时为了强调而置于句末。 Have you already had breakfast? 难道你已经吃过早餐了？ 【练习练习】1 1. 我已经在深圳住了十年。 _ 2. 我的叔叔自从 1960 年以来都在寻找他的女儿。 _ 3. 我踢足球已经有两年了。 _ 4. 我自从 1996 年就认识玛丽。 _ 5. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 6. Ive known him _ we were children. 7. Our teac
7、her has studied Japanese _ three years. 8. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 9. Its about ten years _ she left the city. 【练习练习】2 用适当的时态填空用适当的时态填空 1. -Where _(be) my bike?-It _(be) here just now. 2. -_ you _(see) my book? -Yes, he _ (take) it away half an hour ago. 3. -_ he _(eat) al
8、l the food? -Yes, I _ all the food, because I _(be) very hungry. 4. Nanjing _(change) in the past twenty years. 5. Mary _(want) _(collect) more information before she _(do) the history project. 6. Great changes _(take) place in Shanghai since 1996. 7. My mother _(teach) Maths for 20 years. 8. Daniel
9、 _(join) the swimming club when he _(be) 18. He _(be) a member of the club for 20 years. 9. -Would you like_(go) to the park with me? -Id like to. But I _(not have) dinner. 10. Millie _(just) _(finish) her homework. She _(watch) TV. 11. My parents _(live) there for years. 12. -_you _(read) this book
10、? -Yes, I _. -When _you _ (read) it? -I _ (read) it two months ago. 13. Joe _(be) here for three hours since he _(come) here. 14. I _(not see) so beautiful park before. 15. She _already_(learn) how _(drive) a car for two weeks. 16. -How long_your father_(work) at this school? -For more than ten year
11、s. 17. There _(be) fresh air and green hills on Lautau Island in the past. 18. I_my homework already. (finish) 19. You wont know if it fits you until you_it on. (try) 20. Its said that he_sent to Australia to improve his English.(be) 21. The living standard of the people in Nanjing _ since 1983. (ri
12、se) 22. Tom_for 40 years. (marry) 现在完成时现在完成时（二二） 考点考点 1 三大结构三大结构 have/ has been to 曾经去 过某地 现在已不在那里 了，后可接次数， once，twice，three times 等，表示“去 过某地几次”， 也可 和 just， never， ever 等连用。 My father has been to Beijing twice 我父亲去过北京两次。 have/ has gone to 到某地 去 说话时该人不在现 场 Where is Jim？吉姆 在哪里？ He has gone to England
13、他去英国了。 have been in 在某地 呆 了多少 时间 常与时间段状语连 用 I have been in Shanghai for three years 我到上海已有三年了 考点考点 2 当当 have been to 后面接副词，如后面接副词，如 here, there, home 时，时，to 要省略。变为要省略。变为 have been here/there/home You said that Zhijin Cave is very beautiful._ you _ there？ A. Have；gone B. Have；been C. Have；gone to D.
14、Have； been to 考考点点 3 ever, never 常与现在完成时连用， 是现在完成时态的提示常与现在完成时连用， 是现在完成时态的提示 词。词。 ever adv.曾经；在任何时候 never adv.从未 Have you ever been there？你曾去过那里吗？ No, I have never been there before. 不， 我以前从未去过那里。 【练习练习】1 用 have been to， have gone to 或 have been in 填空 1. Where is Tom, do you know? Yes, he _ China. 1.
15、 My mother _ Beijing and she will come back in two days. 3. His father _ Shanghai for a week. He is there on business. 4. _ you ever _ Toronto?Not yet. 5. How long _ your brother _ there?About one month. 6. Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year. 7. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.
16、8. _ you ever _ to Kunming ? Never. 9. Where _ you _ these days? 10. Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. 11. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _. 12. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you. 【练习练习】2 1) Wheres Jim?- he _ Guiling. 2) She _ the park,she will be back in tw
17、o hours. 3) I _ the West lake,Look,I have taken many photos on it . 4) Tom _ Jims home,but he hasnt come back. 5) They _ the forest alone and returned safely. 6) The Whites _ the U.S.A,They wont come back. 7) We _ the bookshop and bought many books. 8) She _ her homeland; she is coming to my home ne
18、xt week. 9) I _ Hong Kong twice. 10) We _ the Mount Tai,we all enjoyed ourselves. 11) I _ never _ the beach in Sonya. 12) He missed his mother very much,so he _ already_ his home. 13) They _ Hangzhou,they found it very interesting. 14) Tom _ the W.C,so I have to wait for him. 15) How many times _you
19、_ Shanghai. 【练习练习】3 1. 我父亲以前两次到过长城。 _ 2. 她还没有看过那部新电影。 _ 3. 她去过上海。_ 4.-他在哪？-他去办公室了。 _ 5.我已经在资阳呆了 6 年了。 _ 6. 你曾经梦想成为一名音乐家吗？ _ 7. 玛丽从来没有去过西湖。 _ 8. 比尔从来没有参观过我的花园。 _ 现在完成时现在完成时（三三） since 和 for 是现在完成时当中常见的标志词。since自 从，for持续了。since 用来说明动作的开始时间， for 用来说明动作延续的时间长度。since 和 for 是现在完成时的重 要标志。 1. since 和 for 的用法
20、 （1）since 的用法 since + 过去的时间点。如：年、月、日、几点等 since 1990 自从 1990 年起 since 5 oclock 自从五点起 since + 时间段+ ago since 3 months ago 自从三个月以前 since + 一般过去时的从句 since you left home 自从你离开家以后 since 的一个固定句式It is时间段since一般过去时的从 句.。 It is five years since I came here. 我来这儿 5 年了。 2. for 的用法：for时间段 在现在完成时当中，若对 since 和 for
21、 引导的时间状语进行提问， 都可以用 how long 来提问。 since 和 for 的句式转换： since时间段agofor时间段 They havent changed since twenty years ago. They havent changed for twenty years.他们已经二十年没有改变 了。 【练习练习】1 1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 1999 5._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 8._ an hour 9. _ we were ch
22、ildren 10. _ lunch time 11._ she left here 12._ she was very young 13. _ she was a child 14. _ more than twenty years 【练习练习】2 1. He has been there twice. (对划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ he been there? 2. They have been here since 2000. _ _ have they been here? (对划线部分提问) 3. Ive seen the Terracotta Amy （改为否定句） I _
23、_ the Terracotta Army. 4.Hes gone to Shanghai （改为一般疑问句） _ he_ to Shanghai? 5.Michael has been in Shanghai for 5 years （对对画线部分提问） _ _ _ Michael_ in Shanghai? 6.She started to learn the piano seven years ago. She _ _ the piano seven for seven years. 7.I have been to Disneyland three times. _ _ time ha
24、ve you been to Disneyland? 8.He has lived here since he was young. _ _ _ he _ here? 【练习练习】3 1. 我非常喜欢看书，我已经看了很多不同种类的书。 _ 2. 我从来没有见到过如此可爱的女孩。 _ 3. -你吃饭了吗？-吃了，现在很饱。 _ 4. 自从第一次见到她，我和她就互相帮助。 _ 5. 自从三年前，他就在这所学校教书了。 _ 现在完成时现在完成时（四四） 在现在完成时中，在现在完成时中，非延续性非延续性性动词不能和一段时间状语连用性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 例：He has bought the b
25、ook for 3 years.（错） 因 buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间 for 3 years 连用, 改正的办 法有五种： He has bought the book. (去掉一段时间 for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago(改为一般过去时，使句子的意思 不变) Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型 It is -since-） He has not bought the book for
26、 3 years. （改为否定句） He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词（用延续性动词 have 代替代替 buy） 其他非延续性动词也是这样，前四种改法都一样。第五种改法各不 相同，举例如下： (come/arrive/get to/reachbe here) (leave/gobe away) (begin/startbe on) (open/closebe open/be closed) (diebe dead) (finish/endbe over) (joinbe in/the+组织组织/be a member of) (catchhave
27、) (borrow/buykeep) (marry/get marriedbe married) (returnbe back) break be broken get up be up become be lose be lost endbe off come home be home go outbe out sit down be seated put on wear/ be in fall ill/sick/asleepbe ill/sick/asleep 【练习练习】1 同义句专练（非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换）同义句专练（非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换） 1. Mr. Li be
28、gan to teach English in this school in 1999.（同义句） Mr. Li _ _English in this school since 1999. 2. The factory opened ten years ago.（同义句) The factory _ _ _ for ten years. 3. John left Beijing three years ago. （同义句） Three years _ _ _ John _ Beijing. John_ _ _ _ Beijing _ three years. 4. His company op
29、ened in 2003. （同义句) His company _ _ _ since 2003. 5. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同义句) My father _ _ the car _ half a year. 6. We got to know each other for about 15 years.（同义句) We _ _ each other _ about 15 years. 7. The film began ten minutes ago. （同义句) The film _ _ _ for ten minutes.
30、 8. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. （同义句 I _ _ this book for two weeks. 9. My father came back the day before yesterday. My father has _ _ for two days. 10.My uncle bought the new car two months ago. 【练习练习】2 改错 He has been to Beijing for over two years He has joined the army since 2001 I have bo
31、rrowed the book for a week How long have you bought the bike My father has left for shanghai for two days The bag has been there three days ago Li Leis grandfather has died since four years ago He has finished his homework last night 【练习练习】3 ( )1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened
32、 to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know ( )2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still ( )3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago ( )4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )5、-
33、Our country _ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even_ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better ( )6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying ( )7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a litt
34、le girl . . know . had known . have known . knew ( ) 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see ( )9、 -These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone ( )10、-_ you _ your homew
35、ork yet ? -Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish ( )11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in ( )12、-Do you know him well ?- Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . w
36、ere . have been . have become . have made ( )13、-How long have you _ here ? -About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived ( )14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on. began ( )15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was ( )16、 Miss
37、Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been ( )17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been ( )18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they ( )19、has Mr
38、 White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 二、句型转换 1、The old man _ last year. He for a
39、 year. (die) 2、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years. 3、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago. 4、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 5、The Green Family moved to France two ye
40、ars ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to Fra nce. 6、 The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合 并成一个句子) _ 【练习练习】4 ( )1. you ever to the Great Wall? Yes. Three times. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Have; gone ( )2.Is that a new coat? No, I it for a long time. A. boug
41、ht B. have bought C. have had ( )3.How do you like Treasure Island, Lucy? Its so exciting that I it twice. A .am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read ( )4.How long your brother this camera? For two weeks. A. have; bought B. have; had C. has; had D. has; bought ( )5.Have you ever climbed M
42、ount Tai, Carol? Yes, I in Taian for a week last year and reached the top of it twice. A. had stayed B. stay C. stayed D. have stayed ( )6. It seems that El Ni o some disasters in the world in the past few months. A. has caused B. is causing C. will cause D. caused ( )7.May I speak to Mr. Smith? Sorry, he isnt in. He Changsha. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to ( )8.Peter, you speak Chinese so well. Thank you. I Chinese since I came here in 2013. A. will learn B. learned C. have learned D. learn ( )9.He speaks English very well because he in the US fo
