人教版八年级下册英语 Unit3 知识点+ 练习教师(含答案).doc

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1、初中八下英语教师版 1 Unit3 Could you please clean your room? 重点重点 短语: take out the trash, do chores ,sweep the floor, make dinner, fold the clothes,help out with, at least , finish doing sth., be back from shopping, clean the living room 句型: 1. Could you please.do sth. ? 2. I have to do some work. 3. Could I

2、+ do sth. ? Could I use your computer? 4. She won t be happy if she sees this mess. 5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 6. hate + ( to do/ doing) sth. 语法: 情态动词 could 表示请求的用法 初中八下英语教师版 2 难点难点 Make polite requests 礼貌提出请求 Ask for permission 礼貌地取得同意 易错点易错点 Make polite reques

3、ts 礼貌提出请求 Ask for permission 礼貌地取得同意 高频考点高频考点 情态动词 could 表示请求的用法及其回答 rubbish n.垃圾;废弃物 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 fold v.折叠;对折 sweep v.扫;打扫 floor n.地板 mess n.杂乱;不整洁 throw v.扔;掷 all the time 频繁;反复 neither adv.也不 shirt n.衬衫 as soon as 一就;尽快 pass v.给;递;走过;通过 borrow v.借;借用 lend v.借给;借出 finger n.手指 hate v.厌

4、恶;讨厌 chore n.杂务;乏味无聊的工作 while conj.与同时;当的时候; 而;然而 snack n.点心;小吃;快餐 stress n.精神压力;心理负担 waste v 扫去 ; 扫清 ; 吹走 Sweep Time 扫描时间 ; 扫描 4. borrow v.借,借用,借,借用,lend v. (lent) 借给,借出借给,借出 【拓展】borrow 和 lend borrow 和 lend 都有“借”的意思,但它们的含义和用法有所不同。 borrow 表示“借入” ,即把本来不属于自己的东西借来暂时使用,常与介词 from 连用。如: You can borrow a b

5、ook from the library. 你可以从图书馆借一本书。 lend 表示“借出” ,即把属于自己的东西借给别人暂时使用,常与介词 to 连用,也可以跟双宾语。 如: 初中八下英语教师版 4 Hes going to lend his bike to Tom. 他打算把他的自行车借给汤姆。 You mustnt lend others my pen. 你不能把我的笔借给其他人。 5. hate v.讨厌,厌恶讨厌,厌恶 【用法】hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him. hate doing sth 不愿意做某事

6、 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 She hates smoking in her room. 她讨厌在房间里抽烟。 6.provide v.提供,给予,供应提供,给予,供应 e.g.We can provide the best service.我们可以提供最好的服务。 Provide 可以构成:provide sb. With sth.或 provide sth.for sb. 意思是“给某人提供某物” 。 e.g.The wetlands provide food and shelters for the birds. 湿地为鸟类提供食物和栖息地。 The parents provide

7、the children with food and clothes. 父母给孩子提供衣食。 7.ill 自从之后” 。例如: She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。 She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。 初中八下英语教师版 7 (2)since 作连词,可以意为“因为; 既然; 由于” 。例如: Since it is late I shall go home now. 由于时间晚了, 我现在要回家了。 Since you are so sure of it he

8、ll believe you. 既然你对此这么有把握, 他会相信你的。 词汇词汇精精练练 . .英汉互译。英汉互译。 1. as a result _ 2. 依靠,依赖_ 3. 目的是,为了_ 4. take care of _ 5. in surprise _ 6. 倒垃圾_ 7. come over _ 8. 闲逛,溜达_ 9. provide sth. for sb. _ 10. all the time _ . 根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。 1. Jack p_ the ball very quickly in basketball games. 2

9、. I b_ a book from the library yesterday. 3. _ (既然) everyone is here, lets begin our class. 4. Sandy, could you please take the r_? No problem. 5. What a _ (杂乱)!You should clean up your bedroom at once. 6. The hotel will p_ free breakfast for guests. 7. Dont w_ money to buy something useless. 8. She

10、 lives next to my house. We are n_. 9. I like singing w_ my sister likes dancing. 10. Nowadays most people have too much _ (精神压力). . 用括号中单词的正确形式填空。用括号中单词的正确形式填空。 1. I like to sweep the floor but I hate_ (do) the dishes. 2. When did you finish _ (write) the book? 3. We should learn to be _ (independe

11、nce). 4. China and India are _ (develop) countries. 5. They challenged him about the _ (fair) of his remarks. 6. Her mother often _(help) her _(fold) the clothes. Look! She _(fold) the clothes for her now. 初中八下英语教师版 8 7. My mom _(get) angry with me when I forgot to clean the room. 8. I called you ye

12、sterday, but you _(not, be) in. 9. My friend, Mike, enjoys _(cook) very much. 10. May I use your computer? Sorry, I _(work) on it now. 参考答案参考答案 . .英汉互译。英汉互译。 1. 因此,结果 2. depend on 3. in order to 4. 照料,爱护 5. 惊讶地 6. take out the rubbish 7. 过来,顺便来访 8. hang out 9. 给某人提供某物 10. 总是,反复,频繁的 . 根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词

13、。根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。 1. passes 2. borrowed 3. Since 4. rubbish 5. mess 6. provide 7. waste 8. neighbors 9. while 10. stress . 用括号中单词的正确形式填空用括号中单词的正确形式填空 1. to do / doing 2. writing 3. independent 4. developing 5. fairness 6. helps; (to) fold; is folding 7. got 8. werent 9. cooking 10. am working 第二部分:重

14、点句型第二部分:重点句型 1. Tony, could you please help out with a few things? 托尼,你能帮忙做几件事吗?托尼,你能帮忙做几件事吗? help out 动词短语,表示在某人繁忙或 遇到困难时“给予帮助”。 【用法】help out (with something) 是一个动词短语,表示在某人繁忙或是遇到困难时“给予帮助” 再如 本单元中这句话: You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你老是看电视,从不帮忙干家务。 help 和 out 之间还可以加入具体

15、的“人”。 e.g. He helped me out with my task.他帮我完成了任务。 They helped (us) out with the clean-up. 他们帮助我们做大扫除。 2. because Mom will be back from shopping any minute now. 因为妈妈随时都会买完东西回来。因为妈妈随时都会买完东西回来。 any minute now 一种常见的口语表达法,相当于“随时;马上;在任何时刻”的意思,表示事情有可能在极短的时间内 发生或眼下就要发生。 【用法】minute 还可以用 second, moment, time

16、 等词替换。 初中八下英语教师版 9 e.g. Dont worry, he will come here any minute now. 别担心, 他会马上来这儿。 The guests are arriving any time now but were still not ready. 客人即刻就到,但我们还没有准备好。 Were expecting them any moment now. 我们期待他们随时到来。 3. Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得,你能把垃圾倒了吗?彼得,你能把垃圾倒了吗? 【解析 1】Could you

17、 please do sth ?请你(做).好吗? 用于提出请求,希望得到对方的肯定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉。 Could 不是 can 的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用 can. 【常用答语】肯定回答:Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答: Sorry , I cant 【解析 2】take out 取出(v+ adv) 【注】: 跟代词做宾语,代词放中间; 跟名词做宾语,可放在中间,也可放在后边 【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走,取走 take back

18、 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下; 起飞 The gift is in the box. You can take it out. 礼物在盒子里,你可以把它取出来。 4. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我刚坐在电视机前面,我妈妈就过来了。我刚坐在电视机前面,我妈妈就过来了。 【解析 1】the minute = as soon as “一. 就.” Please write to me the minute you get there. 【解析 2】 in front of 指

19、在物体外部的前面 There is a bike in front of the classroom. 【辨析】 指在物体内部的前面 Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 【记】 The driver sat _ the car. The policeman stood _ the car. 【注意】有 the 无 the 区别大: at table 吃饭;进餐 at the tabel 在桌边 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院(不一定看病) in front of in the fron

20、t of 初中八下英语教师版 10 【解析 3】come over 过来 【拓展】 come 短语: come across(偶然)发现 come back 回来 come up with 想出 come true 实现 come down 下来 come from=be from 来自,出生于 come in/into 进入,进来 come on 赶快,加油 come along 走吧,过来,快点 come and go 来来去去 come up 上来 come out 出来,(花)开,(照片)冲洗出来 5. You watch TV all the time and . all the t

21、ime(在该段时间内)一直;向来, 一向;时时刻刻;每时每刻 e.g. I do this all the time. 我一直是这么做的。 This happens all the time. 这种情况是时时发生的。 6. Im just as tired as you are! 【解析】 as . as 意为 “和一样” ,表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个 as 为副词,第二个 as 为连词。其基本结构为:as + adj./ adv. + as。 e.g. This film is as interesting as that one. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。 Your pen w

22、rites as smoothly as mine. 你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。 as as 的否定形式为 “not as/so + adj./adv. + as” 。 e.g. He didnt act as well as you. 他表现得不如你好。 7. For one week, she did not do any housework, and neither did I. “neither +be 动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”表示“也不” ,指后者与前者具有相同的情况, 但是表示的是否定意义的相同。 相当于一个主谓倒装的否定句。 neither 此处意为 “也不” ,

23、 是副词。 例如: Mary doesnt like singing. Neither do I. 玛丽不喜欢唱歌,我也不喜欢。 (我和 Mary 有相同的情况,前句是否定句,下文用 neither 开头, 主谓倒装) 如果上文是肯定句,下文表示与上文有相同情况时,用“so+ be 动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语” 。 例如: Mary likes singing. So do I. 玛丽喜欢唱歌。我也喜欢。 (我和 Mary 有相同情况,前句是肯定句,下文用 so 开头,主谓倒装) 【拓展】 当表示对上文所讲内容的赞同时,可以用“so + 主语 + be 动词/助动词/情态动词”或者“ne

24、ither + 主语 + be 动词/助动词/情态动词”来表示。前者用于肯定句,后者用于否定句。例如: 初中八下英语教师版 11 Mary plays the piano well. So she does. 玛丽钢琴弹得很好。她确实弹得好。(表示对上文所讲内容的赞同,前句是肯定句,下文用 so 开 头,主谓不倒装) Mary doesnt play the piano well. Neither she does. 玛丽钢琴弹的不好。她确实弹得不好。 (表示对上文内容的赞同,前句是否定句,下文用 neither 开头,主谓不倒装) also, too, either, neither 的用法

25、的用法 一、 also 是比较正式的用语, 语气较庄重。 它通常放在句中, 位于行为动词之前, 连系动词之后; 如 有助动词或情态动词,一般放在助动词或情态动词之后。例如: Peter also has two brothers. 彼得也有两个兄弟。 I am also a student. 我也是一名学生。 Mrs. Green can also sing the song in Chinese. 格林夫人也能用汉语唱这首歌。 二、 too 是普通用词,多用于口语,语气较随便。一般用在肯定句中,放在句末。例如: Im in Row 1, too. 我也在第一排。 注意:also 和 too

26、一般都用于肯定句,很少用于否定句。 三、either 表示“也”时,一般只用于否定句,且置于句末。例如: I dont know him. Tom doesnt know him, either. 我不认识他,汤姆也不认识他。 If you dont go there, he wont go there, either. 如果你不去那儿,他也不会去那儿。 注意:either 本身没有否定的意义。所以多与 not 连用。 四、neither 表示“两个都不”,它作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。例如: Neither of you can do it. 你们两个都不能做这件事。 8. It is th

27、e parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 【解析】 此处代词 it 仅为形式上的主语, 真正的主语是 to provide for their children。我们也可将 It is ones job (duty, ) to do something.视为一个固定的句型, 表示“做某事是某人的工作(职责等)” 如: Its every teachers job to explain things clearly to the students. 把东西给学生

28、讲明白是每一位老师应做的事情。 9. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. 反正我觉得干点家务也不难。反正我觉得干点家务也不难。 【解析】anyway 是一个副词, 若位于句首, 其后往往会有逗号将其与句子的其他内容隔开。anyway 在 此句中的作用是追加评论, 相当于汉语的“反正; 仍然; 依然”。如: Sam didnt get the job, but hes not unhappy because it didnt pay well anyway. 萨姆没有得到那份工作, 但他并没有闷闷不乐, 反正薪酬也不算高。

29、初中八下英语教师版 12 anyway 还可用来表示“不管怎样; 无论如何”之意。例如: Its just a cold. But anyway, you should still see the doctor. 这只不过是感冒, 但不管怎样, 你还是应该看看医生。 10.The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. 孩子们越早学会独立孩子们越早学会独立, 对他们的未来就越好。对他们的未来就越好。 【解析】“the+比较级+, the+比较级+” 是英语中一个常用的句型结构, 表示 “越

30、, 越” 。 如:The more he explained, the better we understood. 他解释得越多, 我们就理解得越透彻。 Many people believe that the more a person reads, the wiser he will become. 很多人相信一个人书读得越多就会变得越聪明。 11. “What happened?” she asked in surprise. 他惊讶的问道:“发生什么事情了?”他惊讶的问道:“发生什么事情了?” 介词短语 in surprise 表示状态,意思是“吃惊地, 惊讶地”。 再如: She l

31、ooked at me in great surprise and asked for a long while, “Dont you just leave for Australia this morning?”他极其惊讶的看着我,好久才问道: “ 你不是尽早才离开去澳大利亚了吗?” 12. Could you please clean your room? (1) “Could + 主语 + please + 动词原形 + 其他?”这一句型相当于“Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他,please?”意为“请,好吗?” 。这两种句型均表示礼貌的请求,语气委婉,客气。 其中 coul

32、d 在此句中不表示过去,而表示说话人的语气委婉。因此回答时,不能用 could 回答。 例如: Could you please help me with my English? = Could you help me with my English, please? 请你帮我学英语好吗? Could I have a look at it, please? 请让我看一看它好吗? Certainly!当然可以。 13. They should in order to get good grades and get into a good university. (1)本句中的 in order

33、 to 是一个固定搭配的短语,意思是“为了”,后接动词原形构成不定式结构在 句子中作目的状语,否定形式是在 to 前面加 not。in order to 可以和 so as to 互换,但后者不能 放在句首。例如: In order not to be late, you should go now. 为了不迟到,你现在应该走。 初中八下英语教师版 13 (2)in order to+动词原形和 so as to+动词原形可以转换成 in order that+从句和 so that+从句。 例如: He did anything in order to make money. = He di

34、d anything in order that he could make money. 为了赚钱,他什么都做。 Please go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. =Please go in quietly so that we wont wake the baby. 请不声不响地进去以免弄醒孩子。 14. And she wont be happy if she sees this mess. (1)本句中 if 后面的部分是这个句子中的条件状语从句。在以 when,after,as soon as 等引导的时 间状语从句以及以 if,unl

35、ess 等引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一 般现在时表将来。例如: Ill tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她。 If it doesnt rain, he will come here on time. 如果不下雨,他会按时来这儿的。 常见的“主将从现”有以下三种情况: 1)条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时,那么从句常常用一般现在时。例如: When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士,照顾病人

36、。 2)如果主句是祈使句,那么从句通常要用一般现在时。 例如: Dont laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。 3)如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时,根据需要从句多用一般现在时。例如: You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在阅览室时应保持安静。 15. I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 本句中的 make 作使役

37、动词,意为“使;让”讲时,常构成 make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让 某人做某事” ,类似的动词还有 let,have 等。例如: The boss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。 They made us forget past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。 Their boss often let them work long hours every day. 他们老板经常让他们每天工作很长时间。 【拓展】 初中八下英语教师版 14 make 作使役动词,还可以构成:make + 宾语(sb./sth.) + 形容词/名词(作宾补

38、) ,即 make sb. / sth. + adj./n.。例如: What he said makes us happy. 他所说的话使我们很高兴。 We made John our monitor. 我们选约翰当班长。 【注意】 某人被使做某事则表达成为:sb. be made to do sth. 句式句式精精练练 . 句型转换。句型转换。 A)按要求转换句型。)按要求转换句型。 1. Could you help me clean the living room? (作肯定回答) _, _. 2. Thanks for helping me with my homework. (改为

39、同义句) Thanks for _ me _ _ my homework. 3. My brother hates cooking at home. (对划线部分提问) _ _ your brother hate _ at home? 4. Could I use your DVD player? (同义句转换) Could I _ the DVD player _ you? 5. She has to do her homework at home. (改为否定句) She _ _ to do her homework at home. B)同义句转换。)同义句转换。 6. I will t

40、ake care of your sister while you are away. I will _ _ your sister while you are away. 7. She agreed to help me learn cooking. She agreed to help me _ cooking. 8. The school will provide free textbooks for us. The school will provide _ _ free textbooks. 9. To swim in the river is very dangerous. _ d

41、angerous _ _ in the river. 10. I arrived at the theatre early so that I could get good seat. I arrived at the theatre early _ _ _ get a good seat. . 根据句意完成下列句子,每空一词。根据句意完成下列句子,每空一词。 初中八下英语教师版 15 1. 他不喜欢游泳。我也不喜欢。 He doesnt like swimming. _ _ _. 2. 如果你努力学习,你就能学好英语。 You will learn English well if you _

42、 _. 3. 我们将向他们提供吃的和喝的。 Well _ food and drink _ them. 4. 你拥有的朋友越多,你就越快乐。 The _ friends you have, the _ you will be. 5. 这个令人激动的消息让我们很激动。 The _ news _ us very _. 6. 我想星期天邀请他们来参加晚会。 I want to _ them _ the party on Sunday. 7. 你把你的词典借给我好吗? _ you _ _ me your _? 8. 为了不再迟到,她今天早上起得很早。 She got up early this mor

43、ning _ _ _ _ be late again. 9. 我们应该保持我们的教室干净整洁。 We should keep our classroom _ _ _. 10. 他们还太小,不得不依靠父母。 They are too young so they have to _ _ their parents. . 补全对话。补全对话。 A. A scarf is interesting B. That sounds good C. Why dont you get her a pet cat? D. Its too personal E. How can I get to her house

44、? F. At least 20 dollars G. What should I get her? A:My friend Kate invited me to her birthday party 1 初中八下英语教师版 16 B:How about an album? A: 2 How much is an album? B: 3 A:Thats too expensiveI dont have enough money for it B:Oh 4 A:No,noShe doesnt like cats B:I seeWhat about a scarf? A: 5 B:Does she

45、 like flowers? Maybe flowers are wonderful A:Great! I will buy some for herThank you 参考答案参考答案 . 句型转换。句型转换。 A)1. Yes, sure 2. helping, to do 3. What does; doing 4. borrow; from 5. doesnt have B)6. look after / care for 7. with 8. us with 9. Its, to swim 10. in order to . 根据句意完成下列句子,每空一词。根据句意完成下列句子,每空

46、一词。 1. Neither do I 2. work hard 3. provide, for 4. more, happier 5. exciting, made, excited 6. invite, to 7. Could, please lend, dictionary 8. in order not to 9. clean and tidy 10. depend on . 补全对话。补全对话。 1-5: GBFCD 第三部分:语法第三部分:语法点拨点拨 Could you(please)+ V-原形?表示委婉地提出请求原形?表示委婉地提出请求 1. Could you please

47、 clean your room? Yes, sure. / Of course./ Certainly./All right. 2. Could you please do the dishes? Sorry, I cant. I have to do my homework. 在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用 could 代替 can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示 礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时,除了 can, could 之外,还可以用 may,句子的

48、表达方式也 各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例: Could/Can/May I use your car for a day? I wonder if I could use your car for a day? 初中八下英语教师版 17 对于、句所作允答可以各种各样,如同意可以说 Yes 或 Sure 或 Certainly,还可说 Yes, (do) please. 或 Of course. (you may/can). 或 Go ahead, please. 或 Thats OK/all right; 如果不同意,可以说 Im sorry you cant. 或 Im rea

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