1、Unit 1 A 1.advice n. 建议,忠告,劝告建议,忠告,劝告 (1)advice 是不可数名词,表示“一条建议” “两条建议” “一些建议”可用: a piece of advice;two piece of advice;some advice (2)advice 作名词时的常用搭配: ask sb. for advice 征询某人的建议 give sb. some advice= give some advice to sb.给某人提出一些建议 give advice on sth.在某方面给出建议 take (follow) ones advice 接受某人的建议 e.g.
2、 He often gives us some advice.=He often gives some advice to us. 他经常给我们一些建议。 例题:Your _ is very helpful. I guess Ill take it. A. secret B. advice C. promise D. purpose 答案:B 秘密;建议;承诺;目标。由下句“我想我会采纳。 ”可知“你的建 议很有用” 。 2.Whats the matter?怎么了怎么了? (1)该句用来询问对方所遇到的麻烦, 或医生及护士询问病人身体情况, 常与 with 连用,后跟 sb./sth.,意为
3、“某人或某物怎么了?” e.g.Whats the matter (with you)? (你)怎么了? I lost my pen./I have a cold. 我把我的钢笔弄丢了。/我感冒了。 (2)“(你)怎么了?”各种常见表达: Whats the matter (with you)? =Whats the trouble (with you)? =Whats the problem(with you)? =Whats wrong (with you)?=Whats up? =What happened? 例题:Nick is not at school. _? He has a c
4、old. A. Whos that B. Whats the matter C. How old is he D. How much is it 答案:B 句意:Nick 没来上学。怎么回事? 他感冒了。 此类句型中,matter,problem 前需加定冠词 the,trouble 前可加 the 或形容词 性物主代词;wrong 是形容词,其前不加任何修饰词。 此类句型中,what 即为句子主语,本身构成陈述语序,故当句子以宾语从句 身份出现时,不可将 be 移至 the matter/trouble/problem 之后。 3.have a stomachache 胃疼胃疼 (1)hav
5、e +a(n)+名词,表示患某种病 e.g. have a cold 感冒 have a toothache 牙疼 have a fever 发烧 have a headache 头疼 拓展:sore 与 pain 也可用于表示疾病的短语 e.g. have a sore throat(back/knee)嗓子疼(背疼/膝盖疼) have a pain in the back(foot/knee)背疼(脚疼/膝盖疼) (2)stomachache 可数名词,意为“胃疼;腹疼” ,是由名词 stomach(胃;腹部)加 ache(疼痛)构成的复合名词。 “身体部位+ache”构成疾病名称 hea
6、dache 头疼 toothache 牙疼 backache 背疼 例题:Mom,I _. Im sorry to hear that,dear. We must go to see the dentist right away. A. have a headache B. have a stomachache C. have a toothache 答案:C 由下文“dentist”可知孩子牙疼。 4.foot n. 脚脚 foot 作为可数名词用,其复数形式是 feet。 e.g. This kind of animal has four feet.这种动物有四只脚。 (1)与 foot
7、变复数的变化形式相似的词还有:tooth-teeth 牙齿 goose-geese 鹅 (2)on foot 步行,固定短语,相当于 walk。 e.g. We came here on foot.=We walked here.我们走着来这儿的。 5.fever n. 发烧发烧 e.g. Tom has a fever.汤姆发烧了。 (1)have a fever=have a temperature=run a fever 发烧 e.g. I had a temperature last night.昨晚我发烧了。 例题:Nancy took her temperature and fou
8、nd she had a _. A. cough B. toothache C. cold D. fever 答案:D 由上文“南希量了一下体温”可知发现她发烧了。 (2)拓展:have a high temperature/fever 发高烧 6.lie v. 躺,平躺躺,平躺 (1)lie 的各种含义: lie v. 躺,位于,平放 lay-lain-lying e.g. You should lie down.你应该躺下。 His school lies in the north of the city.他的学校位于城北。 lie v. 说谎 lied-lied-lying e.g. H
9、e often lies.他经常说谎 lie n. 谎言 lies(复数) e.g. He often tells lies.他经常说谎。 例题:Look,there is a wallet _ on the playground. A. lie B. lying C. lay D. lain 答案:B There bedoing sth.为固定句式,lie 躺,位于,平放,其现在分词是 lying。 (2)拓展:lay v. 下蛋,放置 e.g. The hens lay a lot of eggs every day.母鸡每天下很多蛋。 Please lay the table befor
10、e dinner.饭前请摆好餐具。 7.rest v. & n. 放松;休息放松;休息 (1)rest 作及物动词,意为“使休息” ,作不及物动词,意为“休息” 。 e.g. You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading.在大量阅读之后,你应该休息一 下你的眼睛。 Im tired,and I want to rest.我累了,我想休息。 (2)rest 也可以作名词,have/take a rest=have/take a break,意为“休息一下” 。 e.g. Students have a rest/break after each
11、 lesson.学生们每节课后都休息一下。 8.feel v. 摸起来摸起来 (1)feel 常用作系动词,其后跟形容词作表语。其主要用法有: 表示某物摸起来给人的感觉,通常要以被摸之物作主语,不可用于进行时态。 e.g. Your hand feels cold.你的手摸起来很凉。 Silk feels soft and smooth.丝绸摸起来柔软平滑。 表示某人的感觉,以人作主语,可用于进行时态。 e.g. I feel fine./Im feeling fine.我感觉良好。/我现在感觉良好。 (2)归纳: 常用的感官动词:feel 摸起来, look 看起来, sound 听起来,
12、taste 尝起来, smell 闻起来。 (3)拓展:feel like +n. 意为“摸起来像” e.g. This wallet feels like leather.这个钱包摸起来像是皮的。 例题:This bed _ soft and comfortable. A. sounds B. tastes C. feels D. smells 答案:C 句意:这张床摸起来柔软而且舒服。 9.without prep. 没有,缺乏没有,缺乏 (1)without 后接名词、代词宾格或 v.-ing 作宾语,其反义词为 with。 e.g. We got there without any t
13、rouble. 我们到了那儿,一路上没遇到任何麻烦。 Can you finish your homework without him? 没有他你能完成你的家庭作业吗? She left the room without saying a word. 她一句话没有说就离开了房间。 例题:The “teacher-free exam”means that students take their exams _ teachers. Students must be more honest. A. without B. against C. through D. by 答案: A 没有; 反对; 通
14、过; 被。 由后句 “学生们必须更加诚实” , 可知 “teacher-free exam”意思是没有老师监考的测试。 (2)拓展:without 用于否定句,还可以表示条件,意为“如果没有” ,相当于 if 引导的否定条件句。 e.g. We couldnt live without air.=We couldnt live if there werent air. 如果没有空气,我们就不能活。 例题:W_ your help,I couldnt have passed the exam. 答案:Without 句意:如果没有你的帮助,我不能通过考试。 10.hurt v. (使使)疼痛;受
15、伤疼痛;受伤 (1)hurt-hurt(过去式)-hurt(过去分词) (2)hurt 作及物动词,表示“使疼痛,受伤;使不快” ,后接宾语。 e.g. You hurt her feelings because you forgot her birthday. 你伤了她的感情因为你忘记了她的生日。 A boy hurt himself in P.E. class.一个男孩在体育课上伤着自己了。 (3)hurt 作不及物动词,表示“感到疼痛” 。 e.g. My feet hurt. 我脚疼。 11. when the driver saw an old man lying on the si
16、de of the road. ,就在此时司机看到一位老人躺在路边。,就在此时司机看到一位老人躺在路边。 (1)when 引导时间状语从句,除常常有“当时”之意外,放在过去进行时构成 的主句之后,还以为“就在此时/那时;突然”相当于 at this/that time。 e.g. He was just getting into the shower when the telephone rang. 他正要去沐浴间,这时(突然)电话响了起来。 例题:They were playing soccer on the playground _ the storm came. A. as soon a
17、s B. as long as C. when D. while 答案:C 句意:他们正在操场上踢足球,这时暴风雨来了。表示某一个动作正在 进行时,另一个动作突然发生,应用 when,意为“在那时” 。 (2)辨析: see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事(看见动作正在进行) e.g. I saw him playing the piano in the music room just now. 我刚刚看见他正在音乐室弹钢琴。 see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事(看见动作全过程或经常性的动作) e.g. I often see him play basketball
18、after school. 我经常看见他放学后打篮球。 (3)拓展:v. +sb. +doing/do 的常见动词: 一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear),四看(see, look at, watch, notice) 例题 1:I see there two boys _ (pass) my house every day. 答案:pass 句意: 每天我都会看见这两个男孩经过我的房子。 see sb. do sth.意为 “看 见某人做某事” 例题 2:I tried to make Alice _ her mind but I found it difficult.
19、Well,I saw you _ that when I went past. A. changed;do B. changes;doing C. change;to do D.change;doing 答案:D 句意:我尽力使艾丽斯改变她的主意,但我发现很难。哦,但 我经过的时候, 我看到你正在那样做。 make sb. do sth.使某人做某事; see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事。 12.get off 下车下车 (1)get off 的反义短语是 get on“上车” 。 e.g. Dont get on the No.8 bus.不要上 8 路公交车。 He g
20、ot off at Guangming Road.他在光明路下车了。 (2)拓展:get 的相关短语: get up 起床 get on 登上(公共汽车、火车等) get off 下(公共汽车、火车、飞机) get in 进入(小汽车、出租车) get out of 从(小汽车、出租车等)下来 例题:Steven,we should _ the bus at the next stop. A. get up B. get off C. get to D. get in 答案:B 句意“斯蒂文,我们应该在下一站下车” 。 13.to ones surprise 让某人吃惊的是让某人吃惊的是 e.
21、g. To his surprise,the plan succeeded.让他吃惊的是,那个计划成功了。 surprise 及其派生词的相关用法: surprise 动词 surprise sb. e.g. I dont want to surprise her.我不想让她惊讶。 surprise 名词 to ones surprise,give sb. a surprise,in surprise e.g. Lets give Mom a surprise!咱们给妈妈一个惊喜吧! surprising 形容词 常修饰物 e.g. What surprising news!多么令人惊讶的消息
22、呀! surprised 形容词 常用人作主语,be surprised at sth.,be surprised to do sth.,be surprised that e.g. I was surprised at the news.我对这个消息感到意外。 surprisingly 副词 e.g. She looked surprisingly well.她看上去身体出奇地好。 例题:How was your life in England? Quite different from here. _ , people there drink tea with milk. A. In my
23、 opinion B. To my surprise C. At the beginning 答案:B 在我看来;使我吃惊的是;at the beginning (of) 在(的)开始。由语 境可知,使我吃惊的是人们喝茶加牛奶。 14.trouble n. 问题;苦恼问题;苦恼 trouble 常用作不可数名词,相当于 difficulty,意为“困难;苦恼” ,常用短语及 句式: (1)get (sb.) into trouble 意为“(使某人)陷入困境” 。 e.g. If I dont clock in before 9,Ill get into trouble! 我要是 9 点前没有
24、上班打卡,我就会遇到麻烦的。 (2)be in trouble 意为“陷入困境中” 。 e.g. Now he is in trouble,we should go all out to help him. 现在他遇到了麻烦,我们应该全力以赴去帮助他。 (3)have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth.=have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有困难” 。 e.g. His son had trouble climbing up the hill. 他儿子爬这座山很困难。 (4)What
25、s the trouble (with you)? (你)怎么了? 例题:Sally is my best friend. She is always there whenever Im _. Yeah. A friend in need is a friend indeed. A. in order B. in trouble C. in public 答案:B 按顺序;深陷困境;在公共场合。根据最后一句“患难中的朋友才是真 正的朋友”可知每当“我”身陷困境时,朋友总是在帮助“我” 。 (5)拓展:trouble 动词,表示“使烦恼,使忧虑;麻烦” 。 e.g. Could I troubl
26、e you to open the door?能麻烦你开一下门吗? 15.hit v. (用手或器具用手或器具)击;打击;打 (1)hit-hit(过去式)-hit(过去分词)-hitting(现在分词) e.g. The boy hit the dog with a stone.那男孩用一块石头打那只狗。 (2)hit 后接人或物的部位时,常用如下结构:hit sb./sth. on/in +部位 e.g. She hit him on the head with her umbrella.她用雨伞打他的头。 注意:打在人体硬部位上用用介词 on,软部位上用介词 in,且结构中的定冠词 通常
27、不可用物主代词代替。 例题:Dont play near the window. The broken glass may _ _ _ _ _(打到你的头). 答案:hit you on the head. 16.right away 立即;马上立即;马上 right away 的同义词和同义短语分别是 immediately 和 right now/at once。 e.g. He set off right away hearing the news.听到那个消息,他立即动身了。 例题:My father will leave for England at once. A. right a
28、way B. at times C. on time D. just now 答案:A 马上;有时;按时;刚才。句意:我父亲将马上离开去英国。 B 1.taketo 带带去去 e.g. Dont worry. I will take you to the bus stop.别担心,我将带你去公共汽车站。 (1)辨析: bring 带来(带到说话人的地方) e.g. Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow. 记得明天把你的作业带到学校来。 take 拿走(拿到远离说话人的地方) e.g. Please take the books t
29、o the classroom. 请把这些书拿到教室去。 carry 扛,搬(任何方向) e.g. Please carry the bag to my office. 请把这个袋子扛到我办公室。 fetch 去取来,去拿来(往返取物) e.g. Dont worry. I can fetch the key. 别着急,我能把钥匙拿来。 例题:My parents usually _ me _ that park when I was young. We always enjoyed ourselves there. A. took;to B. fetched;from C. brought;
30、to D. carried;from 答案:A 从说话处带到别的地方;去取;从别处带到说话人的地方; 从搬。 (2)take 的其他常用含义: take 表示“乘坐某一交通工具” 。 take 表示“花费” ,常用句型: It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间。 take 意为“买” ,当决定要买某物品时,可以说“Ill take it/them.” 。 take 表示“吃喝”时,与 eat,drink,have 意思相近;但表示“吃药”时,通 常只用 take。 2.be used to doing 习惯习惯于做于做 e.g. He
31、 is used to getting up early.他习惯于早起。 辨析: be/get/become used to doing“习惯于做”前者强调状态;后两者强调渐变的 过程,其中 to 为介词,后接动名词 doing。 e.g. He has been used to walking to school. 他已经习惯于步行去上学。 used to do“过去常常” ,后接动词原形。 e.g. He used to go to work on foot. 他过去常常步行上班。 be used to do/for doing“被用于做”是被动语态。 e.g. He used his k
32、nife to cut off his arm.=His knife was used to cut off his arm. 他用刀子砍掉了他的胳膊。 例题 1:I used to _ newspapers and watch TV after dinner. But now Im used to _ a walk. A. read;take B. read;taking C. reading;taking D. reading;take 答案:B used to do sth.意为“过去经常做某事” ;be used to doing sth.意为“习惯 于做某事” 。句意:我过去晚饭后常
33、常读报纸和看电视,但是现在我习惯散步。 例题 2:Do you know what a writing brush is? Yes. Its used _ writing and drawing. A. with B. to C. for D. by 答案:C be used for 被用来做,be used by sb.被某人使用。 3.run out 用尽;耗尽用尽;耗尽 e.g. After a long walk,he ran out of his water.长途跋涉后,他用尽了他的水。 辨析: run out 是“动词+副词”型动词短语,主语通常是时间、食物、金钱等名词。 e.g.
34、 His money soon ran out.他的钱很快花完了。 run out of 作及物动词用(=use up),后接宾语,主语通常是人。 e.g. I have run out of my money before payday.在发工资的日子之前我已经用尽了 我的钱。 注意:run out of其愿意为“从中跑出” 。 e.g. Lots of students ran out of the classroom to see what had happened. 很多学生从教室里跑出来看看发生了什么事。 例题:I will go to buy some paper. My pape
35、r has _. A. gone out B. come out C. run out D. looked out 答案:C 出去;出版,出来;用完,耗尽;当心。句意:我要去买些纸,我的 纸用完了。 4.So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm. 所以他用刀子所以他用刀子将他的右臂切将他的右臂切 去了一半。去了一半。 (1)knife 用作名词,意为“小刀” ,其复数形式为 knives。类似有: wifewives 妻子 wolfwolves 狼 thiefthieves 贼 shelfshelves 架子 lifelives 生命
36、 halfhalves 一半 leafleaves 树叶 (2)cut off 意为“切除,切断” ,是由“动词+副词”构成的短语。后跟代词时,代 词应放于 cut 和 off 之间。 e.g. cut off the wire 切断电线 cut it/them off 把它/它们切断 (3)拓展:与 cut 有关的短语: cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒 cut in line 插队 cutin two/half 把切成两半 cutinto pieces 把切成碎片 5.so that 以便,为了以便,为了 (1)so that 引导目的状语从句,从句谓语动词常用情态动词 may/
37、might/can/could 等。 e.g. We went early so that we could get good seats.为了占到好座位,我们早早就去 了。 例题:I looked through my test paper again and again _ I wouldnt make any mistakes. A. so B. because C. so that 答案:C 因此;因为;为了 句意:为了不会出现错误,我把试卷检查了一遍 又一遍。 (2)so that 引导目的状语从句,当主句主语与从句主语一致时,可用“so as to (in order to)+动词
38、原形”转化为简单句。 e.g. He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.=He got up early in order to/so as to catch the early bus.为了赶早班公交车他起床很早。 (3)so that 还可以与 in order that 互换。 e.g. He worked day and night so that/in order that he could succeed. 他夜以继日地工作为的是成功。 (4)sothat表示“如此以至于”引导结果状语从句。 e.g. The boy
39、 is so young that he cant go to school. 这个男孩太小还不能去上学。 6.mean v. 意思是;打算;意欲意思是;打算;意欲 (1)mean 用作动词,意为“意思是” ,后面可以跟 that 从句。 e.g. Do you mean that its none of my business?你的意思是它与我无关吗? (2)拓展: mean 名词形式为 meaning,意为“含义;意思” ,常用句型:Whats the meaning of?。该句型可与 What does/do mean?进行同义句转换。 e.g. Whats the meaning o
40、f the word?=What does the word mean? 这个单词是什么意思? mean to do打算做 e.g. I mean to go tomorrow,but my father will not allow me to. 我打算明天去,但我父亲不会允许我去。 mean doing意味着做 e.g. Doing that means wasting time. 做那件事意味着浪费时间。 7.decision n. 决定;抉择决定;抉择 decision 常用于短语 make a decision/decisions 意为“作决定” 。 make a decision
41、to do sth.=decide to do sth.=make up ones mind to do sth.决定做某 事。 e.g. He made a decision/decided to go to New York finally.最后他决定去纽约。 例题:It was very hard for me to make a _, but I decided to leave my job. A. invitation B. decision C. plan D. discussion 答案:B 邀请;决定;计划;讨论。句意:对于我来说做出决定很难,但我决定 辞职。 8.contr
42、ol n.& v. 限制;约束;管理限制;约束;管理 (1)be in control of 为固定短语,意为“管理;掌管” 。 e.g. A teacher must be in control of his class.老师必须掌控好自己的课堂。 Whos in control of the project?谁是这个项目的负责人? (2)拓展:control 的其他相关短语: under control 在控制之下 out of control 失去控制 e.g. Everything is under control.一切在控制之下。 例题:The car was out of _ an
43、d hit a tree by the road. A. danger B. breath C. control D. practice 答案:C out of danger 脱离危险;out of breath 上气不接下气;out of cont 失控; out of practice 疏于练习。 9.keep on doing继续、重复做继续、重复做 e.g. Dont keep on interrupting me.别老是跟我打岔。 (1)句型: keep doing sth.一直做某事 e.g. Keep smiling.保持微笑。 keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做
44、某事 e.g. Im sorry to keep you waiting.对不起让你久等了。 keep on doing sth.继续/重复做某事 e.g. He kept on sitting down and standing up.他重复坐下又站起来。 (2)英语中后接 doing 作宾语的词(组): 完成练习值得忙 finish,practice,be worth,be busy 继续习惯放弃 keep on,be used to,give up 考虑建议不禁想 consider,suggest,cant help,feel like 喜欢思念要介意 enjoy,miss,mind 1
45、0.because of 由于由于 (1)辨析: because 接从句 e.g. He is absent because he is ill today.他今天缺席,因为他病了。 because of 接名词,代词或动名词 e.g. He is absent today because of his illness.他今天缺席,因为他病了。 例题:We didnt have a sports meeting yesterday _ the heavy rain. A. because B. unless C. because of D. across from 答案:C 句意:因为下大雨,
46、昨天我们没有开运动会。介词 of 之后应跟名词。 (2)because(因为)和 so(所以)不能同时出现在一个英语句子中,只用其一,类似的 词还有 although(虽然)和 but(但是)。 e.g. Although he was tired,he still worked hard. =He was tired,but he still worked hard.虽然他很累了,但他仍然努力工作。 11.give up 放弃放弃 (1)后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。 e.g. You shouldnt give up running.你不应该放弃跑步。 例题:You should _
47、 smoking. Its really bad for your health. A. put up B. give up C. get up D. set up 答案:B 搭建; 放弃; 起床; 建立。 句意:你应该放弃吸烟 吸烟真的有害身体健康。 (2)up 在此短语中是副词,故 give up 与代词连用时,代词需放中间。 e.g. I find it too difficult to learn English well. I want to give it up. 我发现学好英语很难。我想放弃它。 (3)拓展:give 其他相关短语: give away 赠送 give back
48、归还;恢复 give in 屈服 give off 发出;放出 give out 分发 12.情态动词情态动词 should 的用法的用法 (1)should“应当,应该” ,表示义务、责任,后接动词原形,且无人称和数的变 化,否定形式为 shouldnt。 e.g. You should obey the school rulers.我们应该遵守学校的规则。 You shouldnt do that.你们不应该做那件事。 例题:Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books. Thats too bad
49、. Everyone _ be a book lover. Reading is more enjoyable. A. may B. should C. would 答案:B 可能;应该;会。句意:每个人应当成为书的爱好者。读书跟快乐。 (2)用于征求对方的意见,should 表示“应当;应该” 。此时,一般用于第一人称 的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句中。 e.g. Should I help her clean the park?我应该帮她打扫公园吗? What should I do for them?我应该为他们做些什么? 13.反身代词反身代词 反身代词是由第一人称、 第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称人称代词宾格形 式,词尾加-self 或-selves 组成的。反身代词意为“本人” 、 “本身” ,为加强语气, 也可翻译为“亲自” 、 “自己” 。 (1)反身代词构成: 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself 复