人教新目标版八年级下册《英语》全册知识点总结和同步练习（含答案；9份打包；缺unit 3）.zip

1 UnitUnit 1 1 WhatsWhats thethe matter?matter? 【重点单词重点单词】 matter mt v. 重要，要紧，有关系 Whats the matter? 怎么了？出什么事了？ sore s:(r) adj. 疼痛的，酸痛的 have a cold 感冒 stomach stmk n. 胃，腹部 stomachache stmkek n. 胃痛，腹痛 have a stomachache 胃痛 foot(复数 feet) fu:t n. 脚 neck nek n. 颈，脖子 throat rt n. 喉咙 fever fi:v n. 发烧，发热 lie la v. 躺，平躺 lie down 躺下 rest rest n. 剩余部分，其余；放松，休息 cough kf n. 感冒 7.have a stomachache 胃疼 8.have a sore back 背疼 9.have a sore throat 喉咙痛 10. take risks 冒险 11.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12.see a dentist 看牙医 5 13.get an X-ray 拍 X 光片 14.take one s temperature 量体温 15.put some medicine on sth. 在上面敷药 16. give up 放弃 17. sound like 听起来像 18. all weekend 整个周末 19. in the same way 以同样的方式 20. go to a doctor 看医生 21. go along 沿着走 22. on the side of the road 在马路边 23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without thinking twice 没有多想 25. get off 下车 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 27. to one s surprise 另某人惊讶的是 28. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于 29. in time 及时 30. make a decision 做出决定 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦 32. right away 立刻；马上 33. because of 由于 34. get out of 离开;从出来 35. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 6 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 37. fall down 摔倒 38. feel sick 感到恶心 39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难 43. mountain climbing 登山运动 44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 45. run out (of) 用完;用尽 46. so that 以便 47. so.that. 如此以至于. 48. be in control of 掌管;管理 49. in a difficult situation 在闲境中 【重点句型重点句型】 1. Whats the matter with you?= Whatthe trouble with you? = Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了？ 2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢？ 3.Should I take my temperature? 我应该量一下体温吗？ 7 4.You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。 5. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？ 6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同样的姿势 一动不动地坐得太久了。 7. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. 她 说这个人有心脏病应该去医院。 【基础知识基础知识】 1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？ 【解析】matter/ mt(r) /n.问题；事情 What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？ 【注】： matter 和 trouble 为名词， 其前可加 the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是 adj. 不能加 the 【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时， 与介 词 with 连用。即： Whats the matter with sb.? = Whats your trouble? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold. 2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough 咳嗽 have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache 头疼 8 3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache 后背痛 4. much too+ 形容词，意为 太. ，too much+名词，意为 很多，大量 。 5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough 放在名前后，形副后。good enough 足够好， enough money=much money 6. lie down 躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式 lay；lie 说谎，过去式 lied 7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right. may be，是情态动词+be 的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要，实义动词 need+名词，需要某物； need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车 11. agree 同意，赞同； agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei. 12. trouble 问题，麻烦 ；be in trouble 遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦 ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 做.有麻烦。 13. right away=right now=at once，意为 马上 。 14. advice 不可数名词劝告，建议，向征求意见， give sb. advice on sth.就某 事给某人建议； advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人 做某事 9 advise sb. doing sth. 【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼 当 exercise 意为“练习”时，为可数名词 即可加 s 当 exercise 意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词 即不加 s 16. hurt 及物动词，使疼痛，受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly. clean 【动词】打扫，clean the classroom 打扫教室，【形容词】 干净的 ，cleaner 意为 清洁工 。 18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。 be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应”强调过程、动作： Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit. 20. 【复习】free 形容词空闲的 free time；免费的 the drink is for free；自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使解脱，得到自由：He could not free his arm. run out 用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物 sth. run out. 某物用尽了。 人 sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险 23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 10 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的 decision 【名词】决定；抉择； make a decision 做决定 ; make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。 25. be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control 无法控制，无法管理 be under control 被控制住，在控制之中 26. 【复习】mind 意为 介意 ，mind doing sth. 介意做某事 , Would you mind my opening the window? 27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games； give up 后可接名词、代词和动词 ing 形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily. 【重点语法重点语法】 【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、 性别、数上保持一致。 数 人称 第一人称第二人称第三人称 单数 myselfyourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselvesyourselvesthemselves 【用法】 1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如： She isnt quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。 11 如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。 look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 help oneself to sth 请自用（随便吃/喝些）. hurt oneself 摔伤自己 say to oneself 自言自语 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买东西 introduce oneself 介绍自己 【提醒】 1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成 作业。 （误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表 达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用 ones own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）Im drawing with myself crayons. (正) Im drawing with my own crayons. 【情态动词 should 的用法】 （1）should 后接动词原形，变否定句在 should 后加 not, 变一般疑问句时将 should 提前。 （2）should 常用于以下两种情况： 提出建议 You looked tired. You should lie down and rest. 12 表推测，意为“该，按理应当”。 Wait a minute. I think he should come in a minute. 同步练习 一、单选题一、单选题(25(25 分分) ) ( )1.-Do you have______to say for yourself? -No,I have______to say. A.something;everythingB.nothing;somethingC.everything;anythingD.anything;nothing ( )2.Paul and I______tennis yesterday. He did much better than I. A.play B.will play C.played D.are playing ( )3.He went into his room and ______to work. A.begins B.began C.beginning D.to begin ( )4.I dont want to go to the museum, its too_______. A. relaxing B. boring C. bored D.beautiful ( )5.I didnt go to the mountains ______the bad weather. A.so B.because of C.because D.but ( )6.Do you enjoy______photos? A.to take B.take C.taking D.takes ( )7.Yesterday afternoon, we______to the park. A.went B.go C.goes D.goed ( )8.Its cold, so we decided______at home. 13 A.stay B.to stay C.staying D.stayed ( )9.Dont forget______your homework tomorrow. A.bring B.to bring C.brought D.bringing ( )10.She didnt______me about it. A.told B.tell C.telling D.tells （ ）11.It ______sunny today，but it ______ cloudy yesterday. Ais；isBwas；wasCis；was Dwas；is （ ）12I ______ at school now，but I ______ at home an hour ago. Aam；am Bwas；wasCam；were Dam；was （ ）13______ there any students in the classroom? No，there arent.But there ______ some half an hour ago. AAre；were BWere；areCAre；are DWere；were （ ）14Where ______ you last night? I ______ at home. Aare；am Bam；amCwere；was Dwere；were （ ）15______ Nancy at home last weekend? No，she ______.She was in the library with her friends. AIs；isnt BWas；wasntCDid；didnt DWas；isnt （ ）16______ did you ______ for dinner? Sichuan food. AWhat；have BWhen；hadCWhy；have DHow；have （ ）17This movie is kind of boring.I dont really ______ it. Asee Blook Cenjoy Dwant （ ）18I didnt go to the beach ______ vacation.I stayed ______ home. 14 Afor；in Bon；atCon；in Din；at （ ）19Could you give me ______ money? Sorry.I dont have ______ with me. Asome；any Blittle；someCany；some Dlittle；any （ ）20Ill buy ______ for my son，but ______ for myself. Anothing；nothing Banything；nothing Csomething；nothing Dsomething；something （ ）21Did you do ______ in the park last Sunday? Asomething interesting Binteresting something Canything interesting Dinteresting anything （ ）22It ______ that he went there last weekend. Aseems Bseemed Clooks Dlooked （ ）23The boy is ______ to carry the box. Aenough strong Benough stronglyCstrong enough Dstrongly enough （ ）24I felt like ______ in the sky like a bird. Af ly BflewCam flying Dflying （ ）25How did you feel about the trip? ______. ABy train BIm very tiredCIt was greatDThe weather was fine 二、句型转换二、句型转换( (每空每空 1 1 分，共计分，共计 1010 分分) ) 1.I did my homework yesterday. (改为否定句) I _____ ______ my homework yesterday. 2.She went to New York on vacation. (就划线部分提问) _______did she ______ on vacation? 3.Vera visited the Great Wall last Sunday. (改为一般疑问句) 15 ______ Vera _____ the Great Wall last Sunday? 4.He was at home this time yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) ______ he at home this time yesterday? 5. Jim went to the beach last Sunday. (对画线部分提问) _____ _____ Jim ______ last Sunday? 三、写出下列动词的过去式（、写出下列动词的过去式（1010 分）分） 1. stay________ 2. study________ 3. stop________ 4. decide________ 5. write________ 6. feel________ 7. has________ 8. find________ 9. come________ 10. are________ 四四. .阅读理解(每小题 2 2 分，共 2020 分) A A Some years ago there was an old woman.She had no children because she did not like children at all.But she loved cats.She had mother cats and baby cats.She had black cats and white cats.The children in the neighborhood came to her house to play with the cats.More and more cats came to the old womans house.There were too many cats.The old woman couldnt (不能)feed them all.Then she had an idea(主意)“The children love my cats，” she thought(想)So she gave each child a cat.Then she was very happy.And the children were very happy，too.And the cats were pleased，too，because they each had a room. 26The old woman didnt like______. Aold cats Bbaby cats Cold people Dchildren 27Why did the children come to the womans house? ATo look at her house. BTo help the old woman. CTo play with the cats. DTo buy young cats. 28The word “feed” in the passage means______. 16 Agive food to Blook after Clive with Dplay games 29The woman gave each child a cat because______. Athe children liked the cats Bshe couldnt feed so many cats Cmore cats came to her house Dchildren came to her house very day 30Finally(最后)the woman______. Abegan to love children Bsold(卖掉)all her cats to children Cbought enough food for the childrens cats Dcould get enough(足够的)food for the cats in her house B Bill and Sue were brother and sister.They studied in the same school.One day，on their way home they saw some nice birds.But they had no money to buy them. Sue had a good idea.On Saturday and Sunday they went to their farm and helped their father pick apples.So their father gave them twenty dollars. Sue and Bill went to Mr.Kings shop after school.Every one of them bought a bird.One is yellow.The other is green.The yellow one is smaller than the green one.They liked them very much. 31Bill was Sues ______. Afather BmotherCbrother Dsister 32______ they went to work for money. AEvery day BAfter schoolCAt night DOn Saturday and Sunday 33They helped their father ______ on the farm. Aclean the room Bpick applesCwater the trees Dcook supper 34Bill and Sue bought ______ in Mr.Kings shop. Atwo dogs Btwo applesCtwo birds Dapples 35The green bird was ______ than that yellow one. 17 Abigger BcheaperCbetter Dsmaller 五五. .用所给词的正确形式填空(每小题 1 1 分，共 1010 分) 36My mother and I ______(be)in Beijing last Sunday. 37We ______(see)an interesting movie on TV yesterday. 38Did they go to the beach with ______(someone)? 39I think the movie is too ______(wonder) 40Jack，please help ______(you) to some fruit. 41We all like the activity and nobody gets ______(boring) 42I want to make my ______(decide) for myself. 43They are ______(difference) from each other. 44His brother really enjoyed ______(walk) in the rain. 45Hurry up！Tom ______(wait) for you in the office. .补全对话，有两项多余(每小题 2 2 分，共 1010 分) AHow were the people there? BHow did you go there? CWhat about you? DWhat did you do there? EBecause I must study for the coming exams. FDo you like the people there? GI stayed at home during the holiday. A：Where did you go on vacation，Helen? B：Oh.I went to Xian with my parents. A：Thats a beautiful city.46.______ B：We went to some museums and ate some delicious food. A：47.______ B：They were very friendly to us. 18 A：Did you go to Xian Zoo? B：Yes，we did.We saw monkeys，tigers，lions and so on.That was interesting！48.______ A：Well，I didnt go anywhere.49.______ B：Why not go out? A：50.______ B：You are really a bookworm! .书面表达(1515 分) 根据所给中英文提示词，写一篇 60 词左右的文章，注意时态。 提示：昨天，天气晴朗，七班的同学去公园植树了，同学们互相帮助，他们在那里度 过了愉快的一天。 1yesterday，sunny 2Class 7，plant trees 3get there，nine，morning，work hard，help each other，back，four，afternoon 4tired，happy，have fun 参考答案参考答案 . 1. 答案：答案：C点拨：点拨：today 是一般现在时的标志词，yesterday 是一般过去时的标志 19 词。 2. 答案：答案：D点拨：点拨：在一般现在时中，I 跟系动词 am，在一般过去时中，I 跟 was。 3. 答案：答案：A点拨：点拨：根据 No，there arent.判断前一个空用 are。根据 half an hour ago 可知后一个填 were。 4. 答案：答案：C点拨：点拨：在一般过去时中，you 跟系动词 were，而 I 跟 was。 5. 答案：答案：B点拨：点拨：last weekend 是一般过去时的标志词；“在家”用 be at home。Nancy 是第三人称单数，应用 was。 6. 答案：答案：A点拨：点拨：根据答语“四川食物”可知问句询问“什么”。 7. 答案：答案：C点拨：点拨：“这部电影有点无聊”故“我真不喜欢它”。 8. 答案：答案：B点拨：点拨：on vacation 意为“度假”；stay at home 意为“待在家中”。 9. 答案：答案：A点拨：点拨：Could you.？是表示语气的委婉，在这种委婉句中用 some； 答语是否定句，故用 any。 10. 答案：答案：C点拨：点拨：根据 but 表示转折可知排除 A、D 两项；浏览题干可知句意为 “我想为我儿子买一些东西，但是为我自己什么也不买”，前半句是肯定句，故排除 B 项。 11. 答案：答案：C点拨：点拨：根据句子是一般疑问句，故用 anything；形容词修饰不定代词， 位置后置，故选 C 项。 12. 答案：答案：B点拨：点拨：根据从句时态是一般过去时可知主句时态也用一般过去时；It seems that.是常用句型，故选 B 项。 13. 答案：答案：C点拨：点拨：enough 修饰形容词或副词，位置后置，故排除 A、B 两项；系 动词 is 后接形容词，故 D 项也错误，C 项正确。 14. 答案：答案：D点拨：点拨：feel like 后接动词ing 形式，故选 D 项。句意为“我想像一 只鸟一样在天空飞翔”。 15. 答案：答案：C点拨：点拨：问句句意为“你认为旅行怎么样？”，故答语要描述旅行，C 项符合。 . 答案：答案：16.B点拨：点拨：据 yesterday 可知用一般过去时。“去某地”用 go to名词。 17C点拨：点拨：表示“和在一起”。 18D点拨：点拨：表示“有”。 20 19C点拨：点拨：主语是复数，系动词应用 were。 20A点拨：点拨：指少先队员们。 21B点拨：点拨：指“在河里有很多小船”。 22C点拨：点拨：指 “在那边”。 23D点拨：点拨：在河里游泳。 24B点拨：点拨：apple 首音素是元音音素，其前用不定冠词 an。 25C点拨：点拨：表示“玩得快乐”。 . A A 答案：答案：26.D点拨：点拨：据句子“She had no children because she did not like children at all.”可知。 27C点拨：点拨：据句子“The children in the neighborhood came to her house to play with the cats.”可知。 28A点拨：点拨：喂。 29B点拨：点拨：据句子“There were too many cats.The old woman couldnt feed them all.”可知。 30D点拨：点拨：因为她送给孩子们一些猫，猫少了，就有食物了。 答案：答案：31C点拨：点拨：因为他们是兄妹关系。 32D点拨：点拨：第二段第二句话告诉了我们。 33B点拨：点拨：由“On Saturday and Sunday they went to their farm and helped their father pick apples.”可知。 34C点拨：点拨：每人一只，两人就两只。 35A点拨：点拨：由句子“The yellow one is