1、第 1 页 共 6 页 2020 年春人教新目标英语八年级下册 Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 话题:谈论过去的事情,讲故事 教学目标:熟练运用过去进行时态讲故事 重点:过去进行时态 重点句型:What was/were sb. doing? 某人正在做什么? Sb. was/were doing sth. 某人正在做某事。 It is+n. +to do sth. 做某事是 知识点: 1. 过去进行时 1概念: 过去进行时, 是表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的状态或动作。 这一特定的过去时间 除有上下文暗示以外, 一
2、般用时间状语来表示。 时间点可以用介词短语、 副词或从句来表示。 常用的时间状语:this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, 例如: (1)What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么? (介词短语表示 时间点) (2)When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when 从句表示时间点) (3)We were watching
3、TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看 电视。 (4)What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么? 2基本句型 肯定句:主语+was/were+动词的-ing 形式+其他 否定句:主语+was/were+not+动词的-ing 形式+其他 一般疑问句:Was/were+主语+动词的-ing 形式+其他 一般疑问句回答:Yes, 主语+was/were. No, 主语+was/were+not. 拓展: 1英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行
4、时) 第 2 页 共 6 页 1)表心理状态、情感的动词,如 love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等,若用进 行时则词意改变。 Im forgetting it . (=beginning to forget ) 2)表存在、状态的动词,如 appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem 等 3)表感觉的动词,如 see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste 等. 4)表一时性的动词,如 accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,ref
5、use ,permit ,promise 等。 误:I was knowing the answer. 正:I knew the answer. 我知道答案。 误:I wasnt understanding him. 正:I didnt understand him. 我不明白他的意思。 典型例题: 1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案 C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when 表时间的同时性, “玛丽 在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景,因
6、此用过去进行时。 2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell 答案 B.句中的 as = when, while, 意为当之时。 描述一件事发生的背景时, 用过去进行; 一个长动作发生的时候, 另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell (fall 的过去时),是 系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。 2过去进行时和一般过去时的区别 一般过去时 a. 叙
7、述过去状态、动作或事件 He went to Beijing the other day.(带具体时间) b. 表示过去的习惯 would ,used to 与过去时 would 表间断性不规则的习惯,常带频率时间 used to 表一贯性有规律的习惯 They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words. He smoked a lot two years ago. (过去行为) c. 表示过去的经历,平行动作,依此事件用一般过去时。 第 3 页 共 6 页 He sat there and listened to t
8、he radio.(依此发生) d. 表示客气委婉的语气,用于情态动词,助动词和 want , wonder , hope 等 How did you like the film? / Could you help me? 过去进行时 a. 表示在过去某阶段或某一时刻正在发生 What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (过去某时刻正在发生) b. 短暂性动词用过去进行时表示按计划、打算 During that time he was going with us.(表示打算) c. 与 always ,often ,usually 等连用表喜爱,讨厌等感情色
9、彩。 He was always Changing his mind. 强化训练 Drilling Square 请判断下列各题空格处动词的正确时态(一般过去时或过去进行时) 。 1.It _(rain)very hard when we _(get)there yesterday. 2.I _(watch) TV at 7:00 P.M. yesterday. 3.What _(you do ) at that time? 4.She _(have) a bath when the phone _(ring). 5.The students _(make) noises while the
10、teacher _(be) away. 6.I _(read) in my room when she _(come). 7.It _(grow) dark, so we _(turn) back for home. 8.As the winds _(blow) stronger and stronger, we _(not go) swimming yesterday afternoon. 9.The baby _(cry ) all morning today. 10.We _(have) a good time when suddenly the lights _(go) out. 2.
11、 rainstorm n. 暴风雨 rainstorm 是由 rain+storm 构成的合成词,rain 常见的合成词有 coat raincoat 雨衣 rain drop raindrop 雨滴 fall rainfall 下雨 第 4 页 共 6 页 worm rainworm 蚯蚓 3. alarm 作可数名词讲,意为“闹钟” “警报” a fire alarm 防火警报器 I set a alarm for 7 oclock. 作不可数名词讲,意为“惊恐,惊慌” a sense of alarm 惊慌感 作动词讲 意为“向报警,使警觉” Alarm everyone quickly
12、 because the house is on fire. 快警告大家,因为房子着火了。 4. go off go off 短语根据不同的情况,有多种意思 发出响声 When the fire alarm went off, everyone ran out quickly. 爆炸,开火 He pulled the trigger, but the gun didnt go off. 电气设备停止运行 As the water came in the windows, all the lights went off. 离开 He went off in a hurry. 他匆匆地离开。 5.
13、 pick up 接电话 Tom, I called you, but you didnt pick up. 捡起,拾起 I picked up a wallet on my way home. 开车接某人 I will pick you up at the station. 学到,偶然获得 Heres a tip I picked up from my mother. 感染 I picked up a terrible cold yesterday. 6. begin begin 后可接 to 或 doing 表示开始做某事,但是在 3 种情况下用 to do 较好。 1主语是物而不是人 T
14、he ice began to melt. 2本身为 ing 形式 He is just beginning to write the letter. 3begin 后面有 understand, konw 等动词。 She began to understand it. 第 5 页 共 6 页 7. beat&win beat 获胜 后面接比赛中的对手 或敌人 Our team beat their team by 5:4. win 后面接比赛,奖品, 名誉,财产等 Mary won first place in the game. 8. rise&arise rise 升起,上升 主语自身
15、移动向较高 位置 The smoke is rising from the chimney. arise 举起,提高 主语发出的动作作用 于其他事物 Lets arise our glasses to Tom. 9. It is+n.+to do sth. 做某事是 It is good manners for an Arab to stand close to his friend when they are talking. 10. Although some peopleremember who killed him, they remember what they were doing
16、 本句结构较为复杂。 首先, 本句含有although引导的让步状语从句, 而该从句的who killed him 又作 remember 的宾语从句,同样,主句的 what they were doing 也是宾语从句,作主句中 remember 的宾语。中考宾语从句主要考查以下三个方面。 语序 宾语从句要用陈述句的语序 时态 通常主句是一般过去时态,则从句也要相应 的过去的某种时态, 主句若为一般现在时态, 从句则根据事实情况而定。 引导词 that(陈述事实的句子), if/whether(询问是否的 句子), wh-(询问什么,谁,时间,地点和原因 等情况的句子), how(询问方式)
17、 11. pupil n. 学生 pupil 小学生 middle school student 中学生 college student 大学生 undergraduate 本科生 master 硕士生 第 6 页 共 6 页 doctor 博士生 12. completely adv. 彻底地,完全地 Eg. I am completely wrong. 我完全错了。 completely 十分,完全地 But they forget it completely. 但是他们完全忘了它。 entirely 完全,强调一个“整体” The work has been done entirely.
18、 工作整个被做完了。 totally 强调“数量”上的完全 There are 50 students totally. 总共有 50 名学生。 fully 程度最深,彻底地 I fully agree with you. 我完全同意你。 13. silence 沉默,缄默,无声 silence n. 沉默,无声 The silence was broken by a loud cry. 寂静被一声大喊打 破。 silent adj. 沉默的,无声的 Keep silent. 保持安静。 silently adv. 静静地 He sat down silently. 他静静地坐了下来。 14. at first&first of all at first 与 at the beginning 同义, 表示 “起初” 与后来发生的事相对 照。 At first, I didnt want to go, but I soon changed my mind. first of all 与 first 同义,表示“首先, 最重要的是” ,说明顺序,后 面常接 next, then 等。 First of all, open the window. 首先,打开窗户。