1、1 2020 学年人教版英语八年级下册学年人教版英语八年级下册 Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world? Section A 必背短语：必背短语： in the face of 面对面对 at birth 出生时出生时 take in 吸入，吞入（体内）吸入，吞入（体内） die from 死于死于. 重要句子：重要句子： Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何一座山都高。 China has the highest populatio
2、n in the world. 中国是世界上人口最多的国家。 Its much older than the US. 它比美国要古老的多。 知识回顾： 1、写出下列单词的比较级和最高级 high deep big long old young 2、请根据预习写出下列短语 1.最高的山 2. 最长的河 3.八百万平方公里 4. 1025 米深 5.的人口 6. 的高度 7.和一样大 11.少于的长度 12.最古老的国家之一 比较级和最高级 在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词:在形容词或副词前加 more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后缀 -er(newer,soon
3、er )。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增 加。英语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型” 。其中，像“A 比 B 更” 的表达方式称为比较级；而“A 最”的表达方式则称为最高级。组成句子的方式是将 形容词或副词变化成比较级或最高级的形态。 一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 1一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow 结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在 2 后面加-est； （1）单音节词 如：smallsmallersmallest shortshortershortest talltallertallest greatgreatergreatest （2
4、）双音节词 如：clevercleverercleverest narrownarrowernarrowest 2以不发音 e 结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st； 如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest 3 在重读闭音节 （即： 辅音元音辅音） 中， 先双写末尾的辅音字母， 比较级加-er， 最高级加-est； 如：bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest fatfatterfattest 4以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词，把 y 改为 i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；
5、如：easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviest busybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest 5其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加 more，最高级在前面加 most； 如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful differentmore differentmost different easilymore easilymost easily 注意： （1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 例句： The Sahara is the biggest deser
6、t in the world. （2）形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 6有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 如：goodbetterbest wellbetterbest badworseworst illworseworst many/muchmoremost littlelessleast oldolder/elderoldest/eldest far further/farther furthest/
7、farthest 二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法 1 “A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B”意思为“A 比 B 更” 。 如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 注意： 在含有连词 than 的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间 比较。 在比较级前面使用 much，表示程度程度“得多” 。 如：A watermelon is much bigger（大得多） than an apple. 为了避免重复，在从句中常用 one, that, those 等词来代替前面提过的名词。 The weathe
8、r here is warmer than that of Shanghai. The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory. 比较等级应注意避免和包括自己的对象比。 any other + 单数名词单数名词 3 比较级+than+ all the other + 复数名词 anyone else any of the other + 复数名词 如果形容词作定语修饰一个单数可数名词，一般将不定冠词 a/an 放在形容词之 后。 Our neighbor has _ ours. A. as a big h
9、ouse as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. house the same big as 比较级前一般不用冠词，但若表示“两者中较时” 。比较级前要加定冠词。 若比较级后有名词，常在比较级前加不定冠词，表示泛指。 Eg：He is the taller of the two. 他是两者中较高的一个 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 2. 两者相比（甲=乙）即同级比较，用“as+原级+as”表示 Tom is as tall as Mike
10、. 两者相比（甲乙） ，用“not as(so) +原级原级+as”或“less than”表示 I didnt do my homework so(as) carefully as you. The picture is less attractive than that one. 3 “比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越”“越来越” 如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。 It is getting cooler and cooler. 天气越来越
11、凉爽。 The wind became more and more heavily. 风变得越来越大。 Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。 4. “the +比较级, the+比较级” ，表示“越越” 。“越越” 。 The more money you make, the more you spend. 钱你赚得越多，花得越多。 The sooner，the better. 越快越好。 5. 表示倍数的比较级用法： A+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+ as +B This rope is three ti
12、mes as long as that one. A+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than +B This rope is three times longer than that one. A+倍数+ the + n. + of +B This rope is three times the length of that one. 如：The new building is three times the height of the old one. 这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高) Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大
13、。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍) Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。 6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示 “最”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class 等等。 如：He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works (the) hardest in his class. That was the least exc
14、iting football game Ive ever watched. This hotel is the most comfortable Ive ever stayed. 注意：当最高级的前面无限定词 the 或有不定冠词 a/an 时，仅表示“很，非常” Monday is my busiest day.星期一是我很忙的一天。 4 Qingdao is a most (very) beautiful coastal city.青岛是一个非常美丽的海滨城市。 7.否定词语+比较级，否定词语+ so as结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this.=Not
15、hing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing. No other book has a greater effect on my life. =This book has the greatest effect on my life. 没有哪一本书比这本书对我的影响更大的了。 考例：Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? -_. I love getting close to nature. A.I couldnt agree more B. Im afraid not. C.I believe not D.
16、I dont think so. 8.修饰比较级和最高级的词 1）可修饰比较级的词 .a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等。 . 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 . 以上词(除 by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 注意：注意： 1、使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。、使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对) T
17、om is the tallest of the three brothers. 2、可修饰最高级的词：by far, far, much, mostly, almost。 This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. a. very 可修饰最高级，但位置与 much 不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent. c. very, quite 一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。 9. 比较级与最
18、高级的转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class 10. 在含有 or 的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。 如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim 还是 Tom? 三、重点注意三、重点注意 1.要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his br
19、other. (对) He is cleverer than his brother. 2.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger than any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia. 3.要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 5 4.要注意冠词的使
20、用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. 典型例题 1） - Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 2）The expe
21、riment was_ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much 3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time any 可修饰比较级，quite 修饰原级，well 的比较级为 better. much 可修饰比较级，因此 B，C 都说得通，但
22、easier 本身已是比较级，不需 more， 因此 C 为正确答案。3.答案：D。 随堂练习 1. You must write as _ as you can. A. more careful B. carefully C. careful D. care 2.In our English study reading is more important than speaking, I think. I dont agree with you. Speaking is _ reading. A. as important as B. so important as C. the most
23、important D. the same as 3. Jim is running _ Bruce. Theyre neck and neck. A. faster than B. as fast as C. as faster as D. more slowly than 4. Lesson Three is _ Lesson Two. Its much more difficult. A. not so easy as B. easier than C. as difficult as D. less difficult than 5. This story is not _ as th
24、at one. A. more interesting B. less interesting C. so interested D. so interesting 6. The boy doesnt speak _ his sister, but his written work is very good. A. as well as B. so good as C. more better than D. more worse than 7. Now Helen works _ than before. A. more carefully B. more careful C. much c
25、areful D. much carefully 8. It takes _ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train. A. more B. fewer C. longer D. less 9. It is _ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon? A. the hottest B. hot C. hottest D. hotter 10. The population of Shanghai is _ than that of Shijiazhuang. A. s
26、maller B. larger C. less D. large 6 11. Of the two pencil-boxes, the boy chose _ one. A. less expensive B. the least expensive C. the less expensive D. the most expensive 12. Of the two Australian students, Masha is _ one. I think you can find her easily. A. tallest B. the taller C. taller D. the ta
27、llest 13.Which is the _ season of the year? Summer. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. hotest 14. Of all the stars, the sun is _ to the earth. A. farthest B. the farthest C. nearest D. the nearest 15. Of all the subjects, I like Chinese _. A. more B. better C. well D. best 课文重点句子讲解课文重点句子讲解 一、一、. . . abo
28、ut 9,600,000 square kilometers in size . . . 大约大约 960 万平方千米。万平方千米。 1、square 不可数名词， “平方”不可数名词， “平方” The old city covers an area of about 326 square kilometers. 这座古老城市的面积大约是 326 平方千米。 Square 作可数名词，意为“正方形”作可数名词，意为“正方形” The cookies were in the form of squares. 那些饼干是正方形 Square 作可数名词，意为“广场、街区”作可数名词，意为“广场、
29、街区” Tiananmen Square 天安门广场 2、英语中大数的表达与朗读、英语中大数的表达与朗读 1000 以上的基数词的表示法，先从右至左数，每三位数加上一个逗号以上的基数词的表示法，先从右至左数，每三位数加上一个逗号(即以此把即以此把 数目分为若干份数目分为若干份)。第一个逗点前的数为。第一个逗点前的数为 thousand（千） ，第二个逗点前的数为（千） ，第二个逗点前的数为 million（百（百 万） 。第三个逗点前的数为万） 。第三个逗点前的数为 billion（十亿） 。（十亿） 。 524，000 five hundred and twenty-four thousan
30、d 12，000，000 twelve million 489，000，000 four hundred eighty-nine million（100 万） 48，000，000，000 forty-eight billion 523，000，000，000，000 five hundred twenty-three trillion (兆) 9,600,000 58,235,000 二、二、China has the biggest population in the world. 中国是世界上人口最多的国家。中国是世界上人口最多的国家。 population 是一个集合名词（无复数形式)
31、，它的用法有时较为特殊,所以很容易用错。 1、population 常与定冠词常与定冠词 the 连用连用,作主语用时作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 例如: The worlds population （be）increasing faster and faster. 全世界的人口增长得越来越快。 At the beginning of the twentieth century, the worlds population was about 1,700 million. 7 在二十世纪初,全世界的人口大约是十七亿。 2、当主语是表示、当主语是表示人
32、口的百分之几、几分之几人口的百分之几、几分之几时时,谓语动词用复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。 例如: About seventy percent of the population in China （be）farmers. 中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。 3、有时、有时 population 可用作可数名词可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词。其前可用不定冠词。 例如: China has a population of about 1.3 billion. (=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.) 中国大约有十三亿人口。
33、 New York is a big city with a population of over 10 million. 纽约是一个有一千多万人口的大城市。 4、在表示多个地区的人口时、在表示多个地区的人口时,population 要用复数形式要用复数形式 populations。 例如: Many parts of the world, which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops, have become deserts. 世界上很多地区一度人口众多,种植大量的农作物;现在,这些地 区已经变成了沙漠。 5、表示
34、人口的、表示人口的多多或或少少,不用不用much或或little,而要用而要用large或或small。 例如: India has a population. 印度人口众多多。 Singapore has a population. 新加坡人口少少。 6、 询问某国、某地有多少人口时询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用不用How much.?,而用而用How large.?;在问在问 具体人口时用具体人口时用Whats the population of.? 例如: How large is the population of your hometown? 你们家乡有多少人口? The popu
35、lation of Canada is about 29 million. （对划线部分提问） 加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。 Canada? 加拿大的人口有多少? 即学即练： The worlds population is growing ，and there is land and water for growing rice. A.more, less B. larger , fewer C. larger , less D. lore , fewer 三、三、The main reason was to protect China. 主要原因是为了保护中国。主要原因是为了保护中国。
36、protect “保护”“保护” protect . from/against . 保护保护.使不受使不受.，防御，防御 He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他戴着太阳眼镜以遮挡强烈的阳光。 protection 不可数名词“保护，防御” ；不可数名词“保护，防御” ；under the protection of “在“在.的保护下”的保护下” The chicks are under the protection of the hen 小鸡们处在母鸡的保护下。 四、四、Thick cl
37、ouds cover the top and snow can fall very hard. 浓云覆盖着山顶，雪可浓云覆盖着山顶，雪可 能下得更大。能下得更大。 thick 形容词，此处“浓的、稠的”反义词形容词，此处“浓的、稠的”反义词 thin The old man likes to eat thick soup 那个老人喜欢喝浓汤。 thick 的其他意思： 1、 “茂密的、密集的” A thick head of hair 一头浓密的头发。 2、 “粗壮的” 8 There is a thick tree in the yeard. 院子里有一棵粗壮的树。 五、五、Even mor
38、e serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. 更加严峻的困难包括极冷的天气状况和巨大的风暴。更加严峻的困难包括极冷的天气状况和巨大的风暴。 1、 include 及物动词“包括、包含”指包含其中的一部分。及物动词“包括、包含”指包含其中的一部分。 The class of twenty includes eight girls. 全班二十人包括了八个女生。 拓展：拓展：including 介词“包括、包含在内” 。介词“包括、包含在内” 。 There are 40 students i
39、n the classroom，including me. 包括我在内，教室里有 40 名学生 2、freezing 形容词“结冰的、冻结的”其动词为形容词“结冰的、冻结的”其动词为 freeze“冻结”“冻结” It was freezing cold that morning. 那天早晨非常冷。 Water freezes below freezing . 冰点以下时水结冰。 3、condition “条件、状况”既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。“条件、状况”既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。 We are interested in the work conditions in Afric
40、a. 我们对非洲的工作状况感兴趣。 拓展： “拓展： “on conditions that+从句”从句” “如果“如果. ，在，在.条件下”条件下” He can use the bicycle on conditions that he returns it tomorrow. 他可以使用自行车，条件是明天必须归还。 六、六、It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 当你接近山顶的时候，当你接近山顶的时候， 呼吸也是非常困难的。呼吸也是非常困难的。 take in “吸入、吞入”“吸入、吞入” 拓展：拓展：ta
41、ke in 的其他含义的其他含义 “接待（某人）留宿”“接待（某人）留宿” He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in 他没地方可住，所以我们提出让他留宿。 “包含、包括”“包含、包括” This is the total cost of the holiday ，taking everything in. 这是度假的全部费用，一切都包含在内。 “充分理解、掌握“充分理解、掌握” It took me a long time to take in what you were saying. 我费了好长时间才明白你说的话。 七、七、.
42、while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975 .而在而在 1975 年首次成功登上珠穆朗玛峰的女性是来自日本的田部井淳子。年首次成功登上珠穆朗玛峰的女性是来自日本的田部井淳子。 succeed 是动词， “实现目标、成功是动词， “实现目标、成功”是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。”是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。 笔记：笔记： He is certain to doing his experiment. 笔记：笔记： You wont succeed with the work if you dont p
43、ut your mind to it. 八、八、One of the main reason is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中最主要的原因之一是因为他们想在面对困难时挑战自己。其中最主要的原因之一是因为他们想在面对困难时挑战自己。 笔记：笔记： 9 笔记：笔记： He showed great bravery in face of danger . 面对危险，他表现非常勇敢。 九、九、It also shows that humans can sometimes be s
44、tronger than the force of nature.它它 也展示了人类有时比自然界的力量更强大。也展示了人类有时比自然界的力量更强大。 笔记：笔记： 笔记：笔记： 专项练习： 16. John is my _ friend of all the classmates. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 17. Jin Mao Tower is _ building in Shanghai. A. high B. tall C. highest D. the highest 18. Li Ping writes _ in his class
45、. A. more careful B. more carefully C. most careful D. most carefully 19. Whos _ in your class? A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest 20. This street is much _ than that one. A. straight B. straighter C. straightest D. more straighter 21. 30,000 dollars is a large amount of money, but
46、its _ than we need. A. far more B. very much C. far less D. very little 22. Jack is a little _ than Peter. A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest 23. In our city, its _ in July, but its even _ in August. A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter 24. In the exam, the _
47、 you are, the _ mistakes youll make. A. careful; little B. more careful; less C. more careful; few D. more careful; fewer 25. The more you learn, the more _ you can get a job. A. easily B. easier C. easy D. easiest 26. _children there are in a family, _ their life will be. A. The less; the better B.
48、 The fewer; the better C. Fewer; richer D. More; poorer 27. I will give you some picture books. The _, the _. A. more; better B. many; better C. most; best D. much; better 28. Which would you like _, basketball or football? 10 A. good B. better C. best D. well 29. Which do you like _, tea, orange or
49、 water? A. good B. well C. best D. better 30. Miss Li is one of _ in our school. A. a popular teacher B. more popular teacher C. most popular teacher D. the most popular teachers 31. Id like to know if Li Tao is _ second tallest boy in his class. A. a B. an C. the D. 32. When winter comes, the days get _. A. short and short B. shor
