1、1 句子结构句子结构：五种简单句：五种简单句 一、一、词性的概念：词性的概念： 英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类：名词、动词、形容词、代词、数词、冠 词、副词、介词、连词。 1、名词、名词,名就是名称-人或事物的名称.具体的人或物体的名称:人名-Mike, Li Ming; 地名 America, China 动物名-pig, dog; 植物名-tree, wheat。 抽象的事物的名称:idea (主意), information (信息), knowledge (知识). 2、代词，、代词，何谓“代” ？即是替代的意思，主要是来替代名词，所以说名词和代词关系是很近的， 或
2、者说代词的实质就是名词，正是这种血液关系，绝大多数时候代词跟名词在句中起的作用是一样的。 代词，从英语词汇的整体来看数量并不多。 3、动词、动词,动就是动作-人的五官动作: walk, jump, swim;人的大脑动作(心理活动): think, imagine。也 有些动词是表示静止的，如：am， is， are。 4、形容词，、形容词，我们在谈论人或物时，常说： “你描述一下是什么样子。 ”你就要用上：tall（高的） ，short 矮的） ，black（黑的） ，white（白的）这些词往往是修饰名词，它们就是形容词。 5、副词，、副词，说人行走得快慢，讲话清楚，在英语里就要用 qui
3、ckly（快地） ，slowly（慢地） ，clearly （清楚地）这些词往往来修饰动词。quickly（快地） ，slowly（慢地） ，clearly（清楚地）就是副词。副 词很多是从形容词加 ly 构成的，所以看单词词尾是否有 ly 是判断是否是副词的一种方法。 （但是词尾是 ly 的也可能是形容词，如 likely，friendly lovely，lonely，weekly，monthly 这几个单词需要加强记忆。 ） 6、介词，、介词，常见的介词如 at, by, to, in, for, of, on, from, with。介词同名词“关系”最好， 是“铁” 哥们，所以往往你见
4、到介词的地方你就会见到名词，而且还有一个词类往往和他们两个往往 在一起，那就是冠词，如 on the desk，in the classroom。 7、连词，、连词，如果我们想把单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来就要用连词。连词不能单 独作句子成分，只能和其他词类一起作句子成分。常见的连词有：and, but, or, both. and, neithernor, not onlybut also, when, where, before, after, if 等等 8、冠词，、冠词，英语中只有三个词：aan (不定冠词)the (定冠词)，简单来说，不定冠词表示泛指，定冠 词表示特指
5、，冠词与名词关系紧密，一般是放在名词之前。 9、数词，、数词，顾名思义，跟数字有关的词就是数词，英语中的数词有两种，基数词和序数词。基数词， 比如：one two, three, four, five, six, seven 等等 ，序数词，比如：first, second, third, fourth, fifth 等等。 二、简单的五种基本句型：二、简单的五种基本句型： 1. S(主） + Vi（不及物动词）（谓语） 主动结构主动结构 例：Time flies. （时光飞逝。） 1）S + Vi + 副词（状语） （用副词修饰行为动词）（用副词修饰行为动词） 例：Tom walks slo
6、wly. 2）S + Vi + 介词短语（状语） 例：He went on holiday. 2. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓语）+ O（宾语）主动宾结构主动宾结构 例： We like English. 2 1）S + Vt + 名词/代词 例：I like music. We bought many books. 2）S + Vt + 不定式 例如：I want to help him. 说明说明 常用于这句型的动词有：decide, hope, learn, need, promise, want, 等。 3）S + Vt + 动名词 例如：I enjoy living her
7、e. 说明说明 常用于这句型的动词有： advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practise 等。 4）S + Vt + 宾语从句 例如：I dont think (that) he is right. 说明说明 常用于这句型的动词有： hope, know, notice, think, wonder 等。 3. S (主）+ V( be 动词）+ P（表语）主系表结构 例： We are Chinese. 1）S + V + 名词/代词 例：He is a boy. 2）S + V + 形容词 例：She is beautiful. He is excited. 3）
8、S + V + 介词短语 例：He is in good health. 4. S (主）+ Vt（谓语）+（间接宾语）+ （直接宾语）主动双宾结构主动双宾结构 例：I give you help. 1）S + Vt + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 例如：I sent him a book. 2）S + Vt + 直接宾语+ To/for + 间接宾语 例如：He sent a book to me. 说明说明 间接宾语前需加 to 的动词：give, sell, send, show, tell, write 等, 如： give sth. to sb. write sth. to sb. 间接
9、宾语前需要加 for 的常用动词有：buy, get, make 等，buy sth. for sb. 5. S (主）+ Vt（谓语）+ （宾语） + （宾语补足语）主动宾补结构主动宾补结构 例 The songs make me happy. 1）S + Vt + 宾语 + 名词 例：We named our baby Tom. 说明说明 常用于这句型的动词有：call, find, make, name 等。 2）S + Vt + 宾语 + 形容词 例：He painted the wall white. 说明说明 常用于这句型的动词有：cut, find, keep, leave, m
10、ake, see, wash 等。 3）S + Vt + 宾语 + 不定式 例：I ask you to stay. 说明说明 常用于这句型的动词有：ask, tell, want, wish 等。 5）S + Vt + 宾语 + 分词 I see him running on the playground. （表示动作正在进行）. 说明说明 常用于这句型的动词有： notice, observe, see, watch 等。 3 改正下面的句子：改正下面的句子： 1. He live in Foshan. _ 2. He dont like water. _ 3. He likes use
11、iphone goes to the Internet. _ 4. He is lives in China. _ 5. He often like uses iPhone to play game, watch TV a long time. _ 6. I think he doesnt long time use the Internet. _ 7. He doesnt drink water is bad for his body. _ 8. I was go to see a movie yesterday. _ 9. My father is going to play sport
12、every day. Because he looks fat now. _ 10. My mother is going to study sings songs. And enrich her life. But I feel she sings is good now. _ 11. My father will take more exercises, keep healthy. Mother wants to singing. _ 12. We very happy._ 13. My father is going to do sport very much because he is
13、 health. _ 14. My mother is going to sing song. She says is very interesting. _ 15. She enjoy herself. My father plans to play the basketball. My plans to study hard. _ 16. Some students ll have a little sad. _ 17. They will dont have lots of homework. _ 18. It is bad for they eyes. _ 19. Learn at h
14、ome alone is a good idea._ 20. Learn at school will happy. _ 4 参考答案：参考答案： 1. He lives in Foshan. 2. He doesnt like water. 3. He likes using iPhone to go on the Internet. 4. He lives in China. 5. He often likes using iPhone to play games and watch TV for a long time. 6. I think he shouldnt use the In
15、ternet for a long time. 7. He doesnt drink water. It is bad for his body. 8. I went to see a movie yesterday. 9. My father is going to play sports every day because he is fat now. 10. My mother is going to learn to sing songs to enrich her life. But I feel her singing is good now. 11. My father will
16、 take more exercise to keep healthy. My mother wants to sing songs. 12. We are very happy. 13. My father is going to do more sports because he is not health. (because he wants to be health) 14. My mother is going to learn to sing songs. She says it is very interesting. 15. She enjoys herself. My fat
17、her plans to play basketball. I plan to study hard. 16. Some students will be a little sad. 17. They will not (wont) have lots of homework. 18. It is bad for their eyes. 19. Learning at home alone is a good idea. 20. Learning at home will be happy. 父爱是严肃、刚强的、博大精深的。父爱同母爱一样伟大，只是父亲表达爱的方式不同而已。现在校园 网“My
18、Father”英文版征稿，请你写一篇 70 词左右的英文短文投稿。 【写作要点】【写作要点】 1. 你爸爸的基本信息（年龄，外貌，工作，兴趣等） ； 2. 你爸爸为你做过的令你最难忘的一件事； 3. 表达你对爸爸的感恩之情及对爸爸的承诺。 参考词汇：难忘的 unforgettable (adj.) My Father Father is important in everyones life._ _ _ Father is important in everyones life. My father is forty-three and he is tall. He is a teacher.
19、 He likes playing basketball best. My father is strict with me in my study. Once, I didnt get a good score in my English exam. When he knew my bad score, he didnt criticize (批评) me. He helped me correct the paper. He asked me to be careful in my exams in the future. I was moved for my fathers help. I want to say thanks to my father and I promise to study hard to get the best score in my study.
