1、Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city park. Id like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Grammar Focus Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. She voluntee
2、rs there once a week to help kids lean to read. Im making some signs to put up around the school. 动词不定式是一种动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式非谓语动词形式， 其结构为“其结构为“toto动词原形”，其中动词原形”，其中toto不是不是 介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品 词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动 词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短 语，在句子中可以用作语，在句子中可以用作
3、主语、表语、宾语、主语、表语、宾语、 补足语、定语、状语补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习等。本单元主要学习 其作宾语，状语，宾补的用法。其作宾语，状语，宾补的用法。 ( (一一) )动词不定式动词不定式 一一. 作宾语作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后 面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词 有：有：begin, want, remember, agree, learn, like, decide, fail, pretend, demand, refuse等。例：等。例： I want to tell y
4、ou a story. They begin to work at eight every morning. Dont forget to lock the door. Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 二二. 作宾语补足语。作宾语补足语。例如：例如： The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning. The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing
5、computer games. Please let me help you. 动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动 作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。等。 但在但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补后面作宾语补 足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定
6、式符号 “to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式：，可以归纳为以下三种句式： 1.不可以省不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：的不定式作宾语补足语： tell /ask / want / would like / wish / suppose / invite /encourage /teach/ depend on等等 + sb.+ to do sth. 例：例： The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. I want you to go now. Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 2.省“省“to”的不定式作
7、宾语补足语：的不定式作宾语补足语： Let / make / have + sb. +do sth. Let the boy go out now. The boy made the baby cry. see / watch / hear / notice / feel + sb. +do sth. I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday. I often hear the girl sing in the next room. 3.可省可不省的：可省可不省的： help sb. （to）do sth. I
8、 often help my mother （to）do housework. 否定形式：否定形式： （1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加之前加 not. 例：例：Tell them not to play football in the street. （2）省）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动 词前面加词前面加not. 例：例： Let the boy not go. 三三. 作状语作状语: （1）作目的状语。如：）作目的状语。如：He stopped to have a rest. 强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词强调
9、动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词 不定式可用不定式可用in order to或或so as to +动词原形，动词原形， so as to不用于句首。如：不用于句首。如： The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. （2）作结果状语。如：）作结果状语。如： He woke up only to find everybody gone. His grandma lived to see the liberation of China. He is old enough to go to school. （3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形）在某些表示喜
10、、怒、哀、乐等的形 容词后作原因状语。如容词后作原因状语。如:Im proud to have taken part in the competitions. e.g. Im happy to have found many things I can do. Phrasal verb Sentence Meaning cheer up He looks sad. Lets cheer him up. make sb happier give out Were going to give out money to the poor. hand out come up with We need t
11、o come up with some ideas. think up ( (二二) )动词短语动词短语 一、定义一、定义 动词之后加介词或副词构成短语动词之后加介词或副词构成短语, ,表达表达 一种特定的含义一种特定的含义, ,称为动词短语。称为动词短语。 二、分类二、分类 1.1.动词动词+ +介词介词 2.2.动词动词+ +副词副词 3.3.其它类动词词组其它类动词词组 1. 动词动词+介词介词 look at 看看 look like 看上去像看上去像 look after 照料照料 listen to 听听 welcome to 欢迎到欢迎到 say hello to 向向问好问好
12、speak to 对对说说 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但 宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。 e.g. He is looking after his sister. She always takes care of these children. 2. 动词动词+副词副词 “动词“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：副词”所构成的短语义分为两类： A动词（动词（vt.）+副词副词 put on 穿上穿上 take off 脱下脱下 write down 记下记下 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语
13、若是名词，放在副词此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词 前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词 的前面。的前面。 e.g. He took off his coat. B动词（动词（vi）+副词副词 come on 赶快赶快 get up 起床起床 go home 回家回家 come in 进来进来 sit down 坐下坐下 stand up 起立起立 此类短语属于不及物动词此类短语属于不及物动词, 不可以带宾语。不可以带宾语。 e.g. Come on! The bus is coming! close the door look the s
14、ame go to work/class be ill have a look/seat have supper look young go shopping watch TV/games play games 3 3、其它类动词词组、其它类动词词组 1.由由put引导的短语引导的短语 put away put on put up put off put into put down put out 常用短语及用法常用短语及用法 把把放好放好 穿上，把穿上，把放在放在上上 举起，表现出，张贴举起，表现出，张贴 推迟，拖延推迟，拖延 把把放入，把放入，把翻译成翻译成 记下，放下记下，放下 放出，伸
15、出放出，伸出 2. 由由give引导的短语引导的短语 give up give in give out give away give back give off 放弃放弃 屈服，让步屈服，让步 分发，散发；用尽，耗尽分发，散发；用尽，耗尽 捐赠，赠送；分发捐赠，赠送；分发 归还，恢复归还，恢复 发出，放出发出，放出 3.由由call 引导的短语引导的短语 call on call up call in call at call for 访问（某人）；号召；要求访问（某人）；号召；要求 打电话给打电话给；使人想起；使人想起 找来，请来找来，请来 访问访问(某处某处)；(车，船等车，船等)停靠停靠
16、(某处某处) 需要，要求需要，要求 .由由take 引导的短语引导的短语 take back take after take away take down take up take over take off 拿回；使疑惑拿回；使疑惑 像像 拿走，减去拿走，减去 写下，记下；拆卸写下，记下；拆卸 占据空间占据空间 接过接过；接管；接管 脱下；飞机起飞脱下；飞机起飞 5. 由由look 引导的短语引导的短语 look after look for look at look into look through look out look out of look up look like 照顾，照料
17、照顾，照料 寻找，找寻找，找 看看 调查；向调查；向里看里看 浏览，快速地看浏览，快速地看 小心小心 向向外看外看 查找，查询；向查找，查询；向上看上看 看起来像看起来像 6.由由show引导的短语引导的短语 show up show off show around 出现，露面出现，露面 炫耀，卖弄炫耀，卖弄 带带参观参观 7.由由turn引导的短语引导的短语 turn up turn on turn off turn down turn to turn over turn in turn out 把把( (音量音量) )开大；出现，到达开大；出现，到达 打开打开 关掉关掉( (煤气、水、电等
18、煤气、水、电等) ) 把把( (音量音量) )关小；拒绝关小；拒绝 向向求助；转向求助；转向 翻转，翻身翻转，翻身 归还，就寝归还，就寝 结果是结果是，证明是，证明是；生产；生产 1. I want to_ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. Im too busy with my studies this year. 2. She hopes to_ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school
19、 programs. 4a Fill in the blanks with phrasal verbs in the box. put up hand out call up cheer up come up with give out put off put off call up 3. Our class is trying to_ some ideas to_ sick children because they are often sad. 4. We decided to _signs around the school and_ notices to tell students a
20、bout the book sale. We will_ the money from the sale to homeless people. come up with cheer up put up hand out give out 4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. help move do make visit spend Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _ lots of money. In t
21、heir free time, they think about what _ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do_ others. There are many people to do to help to make who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _ our free time. For example, we can make plans_ sick children i
22、n the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year _ to another place，like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there to spend to visit to move 4c Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives. 1. Id like to v
23、olunteer_. 2. At 12:00 a.m., I called my friend_ _. 3. Im very busy but I could help_ _ 4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want_ _ 5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me (not) _. Choose the best answer. ( )1. Would you please drive faster? My flight is _. A. taking off B. getting off C. turn
24、ing off D. putting off ( )2. -How is the play going ? -We are going to _ tomorrow. A. put on it B. put it off C. put it on D. put off it ( )3. We have to _ our things if we travel on a train or a bus. A. look at B. look up C. look like D. look after A B D ( ) 4. If you _ a new idea, please call me a
25、s soon as possible. A. keep up with B. catch up with C. feed up with D. come up with ( ) 5. Please _ the box carefully. It is filled with glasses. A. put down B. put on C. put off D. put together ( ) 6. -_ ! Theres a car coming! - Oh. Thanks. A. Look over B. Look up C. Look on D. Look out D A D ( )
26、7. Its very cold today. Youd better put _ your coat when you go out. A. away B. down C. on D. up ( ) 8. Lucy, could you please help me _ the map on the blackboard? A. put into B. put up C. put out D. put on ( ) 9. “Get a ladder, please. I cant _ .” Jim said in a tall tree. A. come back B. come out C
27、. come down D. come over C B C ( ) 10. I cant see the words clearly. Can I _ the light? A. turn on B. put off C. hold on D. take off ( ) 11. As soon as the man walked into the warm room, he _ his heavy coat and sat down. A. took away B. took down C. took off D. took up ( ) 12. Would you mind _ my pe
28、t dog while Im away? A. setting up B. looking after C. turning down D. keeping out A C B ( ) 13. -Mum, Im offered 8,000 Yuan a month of the job. -Really? It just sounds _to be true. A. so well B. too good C. good enough D. too well ( ) 14. When he _ home, he saw his mother cleaning the room. A. got up B. got back C. got off D. got on ( ) 15. Father is sleeping. Youd better _ quiet. A. to keep B. keep C. keeping D. kept B B B Homework Revise the structures learned in this section and try to make dialogues with them.
