1、UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES Section C Discovering Useful Structures 核心词汇核心词汇 词汇一词汇一 operation n. 手术；企业；经营手术；企业；经营 教材原句 During the operation，she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him. 手术期间，她在候诊室里坐了一个多小时，为他担心。 要点必记 perform an operation（on sb.）（给某人）做手术 in operation 工作中；有效 put sth. i
2、nto operation 实施 a rescue operation 营救 行动 safe operation 安全操作 词语积累 operate vi. 运转；动手术 vt. 操作 operate on. 给做手术 operator n. 操作员，经营者 operating adj. 操作的，外科手术的 误区警示 operate 表示“做手术”时是不及物动词，后面接on，然后接人或者身体的部位；表示“ 操作”时是及物动词，直接跟宾语。 题组练领悟方法 单句语法填空 （1）词汇复现The nurse tended the boy so carefully that he recovered
3、from his heart （operate）soon. （2） The operation the old man will be carried out on schedule. （3）词汇复现Mr. Smith is the appointed doctor who will operate the patient. （4）词汇复现To our great joy, the new machine is really easy （ operate）. （5）词汇复现With the help of his teammate，the （operate）responded immediat
4、ely to the event. 单句写作 （6） The doctor decided to （给病人做手术）at once. operation on on to operate operator perform an operation on the patient 词汇二词汇二 whisper（1）vi. & vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语悄声说；耳语；低语 （2）n. 耳语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传耳语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传 教材原句 I saw her whispering something into his ear，obviously not wanting to b
5、e heard. 我看见她对他耳语了几句，显然不想被其他人听见。 要点必记 whisper sth. to sb. 把某事悄悄告诉某人 whisper sth. in ones ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事 It is whispered that. 有人私下说 in a whisper =in a low voice 低声地 whisper mode 省电模式 单句语法填空 （1）词汇复现In the wedding ceremony，Jack whispered her so that no one else would hear. （2） It （whisper）that he shou
6、ldnt serve as an experiment volunteer although he is eager to learn science. 单句写作 （3）词汇复现She told me （低声地）the news that she would set off for Australia. （4）2019 北京卷Nervously facing challenges，I know I will _ （向低语）myself the two simple words“Be yourself ”. to is whispered in a whisper whisper to 词汇三词
7、汇三 assist vt. 帮助；援助帮助；援助 教材原句 .Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. 白求恩大夫尽其所能帮助中国人民。 要点必记 assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助/ 援助某人某事 assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 词语积累 assistant n. 助手，助理 assistance n. 帮助，援助，支持 come to ones assistance 前来援助 单句语法填空 （1）
8、词汇复现We will assist the retired staff in （find）somewhere to live. （2）词汇复现There are few shop （assistant）and they tend to have their days off by turns. （3）词汇复现In spite of his cries，no one came to his （assist）. （4）词汇复现He felt faint and could only walk with the （assist）of a stick. （5） I applied to my bos
9、s for an （assist），for it was more than I could do myself. assistance assistance assistants finding assistant 词汇四词汇四 pass away 去世去世 教材原句 Sadly，Dr Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang. 不幸的是，白求恩大夫第二年11 月去世，葬在石家庄。 要点必记 pass by 经过 pass.on to 把传递给 pass down 流传，
10、世代相传 pass through 通过，穿过 pass off as 装作，假装 pass the driving test 通过驾照考试 pass the time 消磨时间 pass sth. to sb. 把某物传给某人 归纳拓展 “ 死”的委婉表达法：pass away，sleep the final sleep，breathe ones last。 单句语法填空 （1）We were passing ，so we thought wed come and say hello. （2） Alice was very sorry to hear her grandmother had
11、passed two days before. （3）词汇复现Valuable things that were passed have something in common. （4）词汇复现On such an occasion，the torch will be passed from one person _ to another. 单句写作 （5）词汇复现They all waved merrily as they （经过）. （6）词汇复现She said shed the message （ 把传给）my colleagues. by away down on passed by
12、 passed on to 词汇五词汇五 memory n. 记忆力；回忆记忆力；回忆 教材原句 After Dr Bethunes death，Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him. 白求恩大夫去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章来纪念他 要点必记 in memory of 作为对的纪念 have a good/bad memory（for） 记忆力好差 from memory 凭记忆 memory loss 失忆 painful/sweet memories 痛苦/ 甜蜜的回忆 词语积累 “in+n.+of”结构： in ho
13、nour of 为了纪念；为了表示敬意 in case of 防备 in celebration of 庆祝 in charge of 负责，管理 in defense of 保卫 in favour of 赞成，主张 in need of 需要 in search of 寻找 in support of 支持 in praise of 赞扬 单句语法填空 （1）词汇复现She has an excellent memory names，which helps her a lot in her commercial work. （2） She can recite（背诵）the whole p
14、oem memory. （3） Huang Jiaju made up a song Glorious Days in memory Nelson Mandela. 单句写作 （4） The library was built （为了纪念）those who carried our country through the hardship. （5）词汇复现The stadium was named （ 为了向表示敬意） the clubs first chairman. （6）Most of us were （支持）Toms suggestion and entrusted him to ma
15、ke a plan. （7）Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students _ （需要）financial aid. （8）词汇复现Having bitten in the leg，he had to go to the mountain_（找药）. （9）词汇复现I wrote a poem （赞扬）these significant changes. for from of in memory of in honour of in favor of in need of in search of in praise o
16、f 重点句式重点句式 句式一句式一 have sth. done 让某事被做让某事被做 教材原句 Returning from the North Pole，the traveller wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year. 从北极回来后，这名旅行者写了一本关于他的经历的书，并在第二年出版。 句式分析 句中的have sth. done 是过去分词作宾补，表示宾语和动词之间是被动关系，表示“让某 事被做”。 要点必记 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事（宾语与宾补之间为主动
17、关系） have sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 have sth. done 使某事被做或宾语遭遇、经历过（不好的事）（宾语与宾补之间是被动 关系） have sth. to do 有某事要做（动词不定式作后置定语） 单句语法填空 （1） Before driving into the city，you are required to have your car （ wash）. （2）2017 天津卷I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train _（catch）. （3） The wait
18、ress had the water （run）even when she didnt use it. （4）词汇复现When passing by the house，he had his leg （bite） by a big dog. 单句写作 （5） She told me she （找人把她的房子粉刷了）. （6） Youd better （找 人把这些旧桌椅搬出） our classroom. washed to catch running bitten had her house painted have the old desks and chairs moved out of
19、 句式二句式二 whatever 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句 教材原句 Despite the difficult situation，Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. 尽管情况困难，但白求恩大夫还是尽其所能帮助中国人民。 句式分析 despite the difficult situation 是介词短语作状语,whatever he could 是whatever引 导的宾语从句。 要点必记 （ 1）whatever 可以引导名词性从句，即宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从 句等。 在句中充当宾语
20、、表语、主语和同位语，相当于anything that。 （ 2）whatever还可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。 学法点拨 whichever, whoever, whomever, however, whenever, wherever 等既可以引导名 词性从句, 又可 以引导让步状语从句。 单句语法填空 （1）词汇复现 happens in the future，the sweet memories will never fade away. （2）词汇复现We will do we can to add some new features to this r
21、unning machine. （3）词汇复现In order not to waste our precious time，well eat at restaurant has a free table. （4） While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return. 单句写作 （5）2018 天津卷The gold medal will be awarded to （获得 第一名的人）. （6）词汇复现The
22、poor young man cant not afford tuition fees and he is ready to accept （ 能得到的任何帮助）. Whatever whatever whichever whatever whoever wins the first place whatever help he can get 单元语法单元语法 现在分词作宾语补足语和状语现在分词作宾语补足语和状语 用法归纳 现在分词作宾补，表示宾语与作宾补的动词之间是主动关系。 1. 动词的宾语补足语 （ 1）位于感官动词后：如 see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，
23、listen to，look at，notice，observe 等。 （ 2）位于其他动词后：如 set，keep，have，get，leave，catch 等。 注意注意：现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行；而用动词原形作宾补，则表示动作的全 过程。 2. with 复合结构 在with 复合结构中，如果宾语发出动作，且表示动作持续或进行，则用现在分词作宾 补。 注意注意：在with 复合结构中，动词不定式作宾补虽然也表示宾语发出动作，但是表示动 作将要发生。 单句语法填空 （1）词汇复现When I was on my way to school this morning，I saw tw
24、o women_ （sell）lanterns. （2）词汇复现The operator left hurriedly with the machine （ run）. （3）词汇复现On the bank of the river，we found him （put）on a tent，with a dog （lie）on the grass. （4）词汇复现Peter，a colleague of mine，was standing on the bridge and watching boats _（pass）by. （5） They use computers to keep the
25、traffic （run）smoothly. （6） After a knock at the door , the child heard his mothers voice （ call）him. （7）词汇复现With the pianist （perform）music on the stage， the atmosphere is quite romantic. （8） A cook will be immediately fired if he is found （smoke）in the kitchen. （9）词汇复现When I came in，I saw Linda （wh
26、isper）to Danny. selling running putting lying passing running calling performing smoking whispering 要点二要点二 现在分词作状语现在分词作状语 用法归纳 1. 现在分词的一般式与完成式现在分词的一般式（doing）作状语表示动作与谓语动 词的动 作同时发生；现在分词的完成式（having done）作状语表示动作发生在谓语动作 之前。 2. 现在分词的主动式（doing/having done）作状语时，表示逻辑主语和其之间是主 动关系； 现在分词的被动式（being done/having b
27、een done）作状语时，表示逻辑主语和 其之间是被 动关系。 注意注意：现在分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。 3. 现在分词作状语的功能 现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随等，相当于 状语从 句。 （1）时间状语 表示时间，位于句子前半部分，可与when，while 引导的时间状语从句相互转换； 有时分 词前加when或while 以示强调。 （2）原因状语 表示原因，位于句子前半部分，可与as，since，because 引导的原因状语从句相互转换。 （3）条件状语 表示条件，位于句子前半部分，可与if，unless 等引导的条件状语从句相互转换。 （4）让步状语
28、 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句，有时现在分词（短语）前可带有连词although，even if，even though 等。 （ 5）结果状语 现在分词作结果状语时表示必然的结果，通常放在句末。有时为了突出结果，现在分词前可 加thus， 相当于so 或so that 引导的结果状语从句。 注意注意：不定式作结果状语时，常与only，never 连用，表示一种出乎意料的结果。 （ 6）方式或伴随状语 动词-ing 作方式或伴随状语时，谓语动词表示动作发生的方式、背景或情况。此时分词的动 作和谓语 动词的动作同时发生。现在分词或分词短语作伴随状语时可以转换成并列成分。 （7）评论性状语 有些
29、现在分词（短语）没有逻辑主语而独立存在，往往位于句首用来修饰全句，表 明说话 者的态度、 观点等。如： judging from/by 由判断 considering. 考虑 到 supposing/providing/assuming. 如果/ 假设 generally/strictly/honestly/roughly/frankly speaking 一般/ 严格/ 诚实/ 大致/ 坦率说来 （8）现在分词构成的独立主格结构 有时现在分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格 结构通 常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因、条件或解释整个句子。 The
30、re being no bus，we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 单句语法填空 （1）词汇复现There are many goods， （range）from food and drink to some electronic products. （2） You have to prepare the next question （depend）on what the person says. （3）词汇复现 （walk） in the street with his dog following him，he felt really free and
31、 pleased. （4） （finish） his work，he went out into the garden to have a walk. （5） He lifted the stone only （drop）it on his own feet. （6）词汇复现 （elect）as captain，Tom was greatly encouraged. （7） （try）many times，he still couldnt overcome the difficulties. （8） （eat）at the cafeteria before，Tina didnt want to
32、 eat there again. （9） Unless （see）the changes with your own eyes，you will never believe their greatness. （10）词汇复现His car broke down on the way，thus （cause）him to be late for the election. ranging depending Walkling Having finished to drop Having been elected Having tried Having eaten seeing causing
33、（11）词汇复现 （spend）nearly all his money，the former wrestler couldnt afford a meal. （12） （consider）his age，little Tom is doing a really good job. （13）Pressed from his parents，and （realise）that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games. （14）词汇复现When （illustrate）a book，
34、you put pictures， photographs or diagrams into it. （15） （go）straight down the road，you will find the canteen. （16）There is no greater pleasure than lying on the grassland， （stare） at the night sky. （17）词汇复现Tom slowly walked away， （complain）about the cold weather. （18）It （be）Sunday，many people go to
35、the gymnasium to workout. Having spent Considering realising illustrating Going staring complaining being 单句写作 （19） （说实话），all of his savings are given to children in a faraway village. （20）Hanging his head, the boy stood by the door, （不敢说一句话）. （21）词汇复现 （天气允许的话）, I will make a trip to Inner Mongolia.
36、 （22） （从外表判断），it is very peaceful，but in fact，a war will break out soon. （23）Group activities were organised after class， （增强 孩子们的团队精神）. （24）The actor intended to leave quickly， （却被他的粉丝 包围了）. （25）Newly-built wooden cottages line the street， _ （把这座古城变成了梦境）. 同义句转换 （26）After we have made full preparati
37、ons，we are ready for the examination. full preparations，we are ready for the examination. （27）If you go straight down the road，you will find the department store. down the road，you will find the department store. Honestly speaking not daring to say a word Weather permitting Judging from appearance building up childrens team spirit only to be surrounded by his fans turning the old town into a dreamland Having made Going straight
