1、1 （总稿）2019 人教版高一英语新教材必修一单元同步语法讲练 前言： 语法是英语教学中很重要的一部分，尽管很多人主张“淡化语法教学” ，但是，语法知 识渗透在阅读、写作等各个方面，是学英语过程中绕不过去的一个坎儿。如果把英语看成一 棵大树，词汇是枝叶，语法则是树干，是一颗枝繁叶茂的大树的根基。一般来说，语法掌握 不好的同学可能会达到 120 分，但是很难达到 130 分以上，因此，只有扎实掌握语法知识， 才能达到很高的水平。但是，一提到语法，就会觉得语法是最麻烦的，零散杂乱，不好记， 不会用。其实，只要把语法用法梳理归类，使其条理化、系统化，就很容易学习和掌握了。 本“单元同步语法讲练”具
2、有以下特点： 1.语法讲解思路清晰、知识条理、系统完整。 （便于学生理解和掌握） 2.训练题目具有科学性、灵活性、典型性和针对性。 （便于学生巩固和运用） 3.教师直接用作教案，学生直接用作学案。 目录： Welcome Unit 句子结构 Unit 1 名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 Unit 2 现在进行时表示将来 Unit 3 附加疑问句 Unit 4 定语从句（一）- 关系代词的用法 Unit 5 定语从句（二）- 关系副词的用法 Welcome Unit 句子结构 一 句子成分 根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分主要有八种，分别是：主语、 谓语、宾语、补足语（主补
3、和宾补） 、表语、定语、状语以及同位语。 1.主语 表示句子所要说 明或描述的人或 事物， 是动作的执 行者，置于句首。 名词、 代 词 、 数 词、 动名 词、 不定 式、 从句 The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。 We will go out to pick apples. 我们要出去摘苹果。 Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。 12 divided by 3 is 4. 12 除以 3 等于 4. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 Early to bed and early to ri
4、se makes a man healthy. 早睡早起身体好。 When the exchange students will come to our school is not known. 我们学校的交换生何时来还不知道。 2.谓语 说明或描述主语 的动作、 状态或特 征，位于主语之 后。 谓语和主语在 “人称”和“数” 两方面必须一致。 动 词 或 动 词 短 语 Her grandfather bought a car in 2017. 2017 年他爷爷买了一辆小汽车。 We can communicate with others by Wechat. 我们可以通过微信和别人交流。
5、 I will call on you tomorrow morning. 明天早上我要去拜访你。 2 3.宾语 指动作所涉及的 人或物， 是动作的 承受者 ，位于及 物动词或介词之 后。 名词、 代 词、 动名 词、 不定 式、 从句 She is playing the piano now.她正在弹钢琴。 She often helps me . 她经常帮助我。 Do you like playing basketball?你喜欢打篮球吗？ They want to learn more about Chinese culture. 他们想学习更多的中国文化。 Could you tell
6、 me how I can join the WeChat group? 你能告诉我如何加入微信群吗？ 4.补足语 宾语补足语用来 对宾语进行补充 和说明， 位于宾语 之后，说明宾语 “是什么” ， “ 干 什么” ， “ 怎么 样” ；如果变为被 动语态， 则是主语 补足语。 名词、 形 容词、 介 词短语， 分词、 不 定式 We call him Tom for short. 我们简称他为汤姆。 You must keep the classroom clean 你应保持教室清洁。 We found a cat lying under the chair. 我们发现有一只 猫躺在那把椅子
7、下面。 I got my car repaired yesterday. 我昨天找人修了车。 They encouraged me to try again 他们鼓励我再尝试。 He is called Tom for short.（主补）他被简称为汤姆。 The classroom must be kept clean （主补） 教室须被保持干净。 5.表语 表示主语的身份、 性质、状态和特 征， 位于系动词之 后， 与系动词一起 构成句子的谓语。 名词、 形 容词、 介 词短语、 非 谓 语 动词、 从 句 “The Reader” is a popular TV programme. 阅
8、读者是一个人们喜欢的电视节目。 In spring, the trees turn green. 春天，树变绿了。 His job is teaching. 他的工作是教书。 The question is where we will have a picnic this weekend. 问题是我们周末去哪里野餐。 6.定语 对名词或代词进 行修饰、 限制或说 明。 单个词作定语 可放在所修饰的 词之前， 短语或句 子放在所修饰的 词之后。 形容词、 名词、 代 词 、 数 词、 介词 短语、 分 词、 不定 式、 从句 She is a beautiful girl. 她是个美丽的女孩。
9、Please give me two tomatoes. I want to make vegetable salad. 请给我两个西红柿，我想做蔬菜沙拉。 The boy under the tree is my classmate. 树下的那个男孩是我的同学。 The boy standing under the tree is my classmate. The boy who is standing under the tree is my classmate. 站在树下的那个男孩是我的同学。 7.状语 用来修饰动词、 形 容词、 副词、 短语 或整个句子， 多放 在所修饰的词之 后。
10、 副词、 介 词短语、 分词、 不 定式、 从 句 She played the piano wonderfully. 她钢琴弹得很美。 Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。 The girls came in, talking and laughing. 女孩们说着笑着进来了。 I come specially to see you.我专门来看你. When I began to work, I had no experience. 我开始工作时，没有经验。 8.同位语 对前面的名词或 代词起补充说明 作用。 名 词 或 从句 We students sh
11、ould study hard. 我们学生应努力学习。 Mr. Smith, our headmaster, came in. 我们的校长，史 密斯先生进来了。 The news that our team won the game made us excited.我们队获胜的消息令我们感到兴奋。 3 二基本句子结构 英语基本句子结构主要有以下几种基本句型： 1.主语 + 谓语(不 及物动词) 不及物动词之后 不能带宾语，可以 带状语，修饰谓语 动词，通常放在句 末。 The children are listening quietly. 主语 谓语 状语 孩子们在静静地听着。 Robot c
12、ooks will appear in our families 主语 谓语 地点状语 in the future. 时间状语 机器人厨师未来将出现在我们的家庭中。 2.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 及物动词之后要 带宾语 不及物动词之后 加介词,可以带宾 语。 He didnt like the film. 主语 谓语 宾语 他不喜欢这部电影。 The children are listening to the news quietly. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 孩子们在静静地听新闻。 I talked to my friend on the phone just now. 主语 谓语 宾语 地
13、点状语 时间状语 我刚才在电话上和我的朋友交谈。 3.主语 + 谓语 + 双宾语 及物动词后带两 个宾语，一个指人 的叫间接宾语，放 在前，一个指物的 叫直接宾语，放在 后。有时间接宾语 也可改为由介词 to 或 for 引起的短 语，放在直接宾语 的后面。 He gave me an apple 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 = He gave an apple to me 他给我一个苹果。 He offered me his seat 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 = He offered his seat to me他把座位让给我。 Mother cooks us meals eve
14、ry day. 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 状语 =Mother cooks meals for us every day. 母亲天天为我们做饭。 Father bought me a book. 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 = Father bought a book for me. 父亲给我买了本书。 4.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾语补足语 宾语补足语用来 说明宾语 “是什么” ， “ 干 什 么 ” ， “ 怎 么 样” ，宾语与宾语 补足语之间存在 着逻辑上的主谓 或主系表关系。 （注意：如果变为 被动语态，则是主 语补足语。 ） We made Tom our monitor. 主语 谓
15、语 宾语 宾补 我们选汤姆当班长。(=Tom was our monitor.) We are making our school more beautiful. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 我们正把我们的学校变得更美丽。(=Our school is more beautiful.) The man had the light burning all the night. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 状语 这个人让灯亮了一夜。(=The light was burning all the night.) 4 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.
16、 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 状语 老板让工人一天工作 12 个小时。(=The workers worked 12 hours a day.) The workers were made to work 12 hours a day. 主语 谓语 主补 状语 工人被迫一天工作 12 个小时。(=The workers worked 12 hours a day.) 5.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 常见的系动词有： (1)表状态的：be， keep, stay, remain 等 (2)表示“变成”的： become, get, turn, go, grow, come, fall 等 (3)表示
17、“似乎，好 像 ” 的 ： appear, seem 等 (4) 表 示 “ 感 官 ” 的： look, sound, smell, taste, feel,等 （5）表示“结果” 的：prove（证明 是） ， turn out （结 果是）等。 （注意：连系动词 不用被动语态。 ） My grandfather is over 80， 主语 系动词 表语 but he still stays active. 主语 系动词 表语 我祖父 80 多岁了，但他仍然积极向上。 The days get shorter and shorter. 主语 系动词 表语 白天变得越来越短了。 Tom b
18、ecame a manager but 主语 系动词 表语 Jack remained a worker. 主语 系动词 表语 汤姆成了经理，而杰克仍然是一个工人。 He seems unhappy today. 主语 系动词 表语 状语 他今天似乎不高兴。 This dog looks funny. 主语 系动词 表语 这只狗看上去很滑稽。 The cakes taste good and I will buy some. 主语 系动词 表语 主语 谓语 宾语 蛋糕尝起来很好，我将买一些。 The theory proved（ to be） wrong. 主语 系动词 表语 这个理论证明是错
19、误的。 The weather turned out（to be） fine that day. 主语 系动词 表语 状语 结果那天的天气很好。 6. There be 句型 “There be 句型” 表示 “某地存在某 人或某物” ，因此 又被称作存在句， 其中 there 是引导 词，没词义，be 是谓语动词， 有时 态变化，there be There is a pen in the box. 谓语 主语 地点状语 盒子里有一只钢笔。 There are not any girls in the room. 谓语 主语 地点状语 房间里没有一些女孩。 There have been m
20、any great changes 谓语 主语 5 后的名词是句子 的主语。 in our country since then. 地点状语 时间状语 自从那时以来，我国发生了巨大变化。 注意：双宾语、宾补、同位语的区别： 如果是双宾语，则间接宾语和直接宾语都是前面的及物动词的宾语，二者是并列关系， 而且去掉直接宾语部分，句意不完整；如果是宾补，宾语与宾补之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或 主系表关系，而且去掉宾补部分，句意不完整；同位语是对前面的名词或代词起补充说明作 用，通常可以用“， ”隔开，而且去掉同位语部分，句意仍然完整。例如： He gave me an apple 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直
21、接宾语 （me 和 an apple 都做 gave 的宾语，而且去掉 an apple，句意不完整） We made Tom our monitor. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 (Tom 和 our monitor 之间存在着逻辑上的主系表关系，即 Tom was our monitor. 而且去掉 our monitor，句意不完整) He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games. 主语 谓语 宾语 同位语 （a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games 作 Li Y
22、an 的同位语，用来解释说明“李岩是谁” ，而 且去掉 a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games，句意仍然完整。 ） 【巩固训练】 一读句子，分析结构 1.The meeting began only 5 minutes ago. 2.Something is falling down from the building. It is too dangerous. 3.Betty has worked hard since last term. 4.Wow! You have cooked delicious dinner for us! 5.Some of
23、 my classmates had an English play at the art festival two days ago. 6.Simon entered a writing competition last week and is waiting for the result now. 7.I was watching my favorite TV programme in my bedroom around 10 oclock last night. 8.I will lend you the story book as soon as possible. 9.Over 10
24、0 countries and organizations have given us warm support since 2018. 10. We called them the Winter Olympics. 11.You can make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. 12.As time went by, I was made smaller. 13.Our English teacher wants us to read English stories out of class. 14.Our
25、teacher often tells us not to waste time. 15.I saw Mr. Smith working in the office at ten yesterday morning. 16.For more than once, we are asked to develop the habit of keeping a diary by our head teacher. 17.Though he often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by her. 18.Shared bike
26、s have become quite popular among big cities in China since last April. 19.He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games. 20.In the past few years there have been great changes in my hometown. 二读短文，分析划线句子的结构 6 When Zheng He was born, he was named Ma He. He was born in Yunnan
27、in 1371. His father and grandfather were Muslim leaders of the Yuan Dynasty. However, when the Ming Dynasty was established , the army caught Ma He and took him to one of the Emperors sons, Prince Zhu Di. Ma He served the prince well and soon became one of the princes closest advisors. The prince tr
28、usted him and changed his name to Zheng He. Later the prince became the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty as the Yongle Emperor. The Yongle Emperor wanted to show other countries the greatness and power of the Ming Dynasty. He also wanted to establish trade relations with other peoples of the world. He ma
29、de Zheng He the leader of a fleet (舰队) and ordered him to explore (探索) the world. In Zheng Hes first trip, he traveled all the way to Calicut, India. With over 200 ships and nearly 28,000 men, he visited many countries along the way. His first trip lasted from 1405 to 1407. Zheng He and his fleet tr
30、aded and made close relations at the places they visited. 答案： 一 1.The meeting began only 5 minutes ago. 主语 谓语 状语 2.Something is falling down from the building. It is too dangerous. 主语 谓语 状语 主语 系动词 表语 3.Betty has worked hard since last term. 主语 谓语 状语 状语 4.Wow! You have cooked delicious dinner for us!
31、 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 5.Some of my classmates had an English play at the art festival two days ago. 主语 谓语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语 6.Simon entered a writing competition last week and is waiting for the result now. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 并列谓语 宾语 状语 7.I was watching my favorite TV programme in my bedroom around 10 oclock 主语 谓语 宾语 地点
32、状语 时间状语 last night. 8 .I will lend you the story book as soon as possible. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语 9.Over 100 countries and organizations have given us warm support 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 since 2018. 状语 10. We called them the Winter Olympics. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 11.You can make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable
33、 and worthwhile. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 7 12.With time going by, I was made smaller. 状语 主语 谓语 主补 13.Our English teacher wants us to read English stories out of class. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 状语 14.Our teacher often tells us not to waste time. 主语 状语 谓语 宾语 宾补 15. I saw Mr. Smith working in the office at ten yesterday mornin
34、g. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 地点状语 时间状语 16.For more than once, we are asked to develop the habit of keeping a diary 状语 主语 谓语 主补 by our head teacher. 状语 17. He often made his little sister cry, but today he was made 主语 状语 谓语 宾语 宾补 状语 主语 谓语 to cry by her. 主补 状语 18.Shared bikes have become quite popular among big cit
35、ies in China since last April. 主语 系动词 表语 地点状语 时间状语 19.He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games. 主语 谓语 宾语 同位语 20.In the past few years there have been great changes in my hometown. 状语 There be 句型 主语 状语 二 1 he was named Ma He. 主语 谓语 主补 2. His father and grandfather were Mu
36、slim leaders of the Yuan Dynasty. 主语 系动词 表语 3. the army caught Ma He and took him to one of the Emperors sons, 主语 谓语 宾语 并列谓语 宾语 状语 Prince Zhu Di. 同位语 4. Ma He served the prince well and soon became one of the princes 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 状语 系动词 表语 closest advisors. 5. Later the prince became the Emperor of t
37、he Ming Dynasty as the Yongle Emperor 状语 主语 系动词 表语 状语 6.The Yongle Emperor wanted to show other countries 主语 谓语 间接宾语 8 the greatness and power of the Ming Dynasty. 直接宾语 7. He made Zheng He the leader of a fleet (舰队) and ordered 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 并列谓语 him to explore (探索) the world. 宾语 宾补 8With over 200 shi
38、ps and nearly 28,000 men, he visited many countries along the way. 状语 主语 谓语 宾语 Unit 1 名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词, 在句子里可以单独构成一种 句子成分。 一名词短语: 指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词。名词短语通 常是由名词及其修饰语构成。 （一）名词短语的组成 1.前置定语+ 名词 作前置定语的主要 有：限定词、名词所 有格、 数词、 形容词、 名词、单个的分词或 动名词等。 注意：限定词包括： 冠词 （a / an / the )
39、、 指 示代词 （this、 that、these、those 等 ） 、 物主代词 （my 、your、his、 her、our、their 等 ） 和不定 代词（some、 no 、neither、 both 等 ） What is your sisters favorite color? 你姐姐最喜欢的颜色是什么？ The online shop sells childrens and mens shoes at a very low price. 网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子。 Our school has fifty-six women teachers. 我们学校有 56
40、个女教师。 Mom, please give me two tomatoes. I want to make vegetable salad. 妈妈，请给我两个西红柿，我想做蔬菜沙拉。 The sleeping child is his son. 正在睡觉的孩子是他的儿子. The fallen leaves are like a thick blanket on the ground. 落叶像一层厚厚的毯子盖在地上。 He went to the swimming pool.他去游泳池了. 2.名词+ 后置定语 作后置定语的主要 有： 介词短语、 分词、 不定式等。 Here are two
41、 nice photos of my family. 这儿有两张我家的好看的相片。 As we all know, Mountain Tai is the pride of Shandong. 众所周知，泰山是山东的骄傲。 If you dont know the way to the science museum, here is a map of the city. 9 如果你不知道去科技博物馆的路，这是城市地图。 There are some boys playing basketball over there. 有一些男孩正在那边打篮球。 Do you know the man tal
42、king to Tom? 你认识正在和汤姆谈话的那个人吗？ The problem discussed yesterday has been solved. 昨天讨论的问题被解决了。 Nowadays some products made in China are both good and cheap. 现在很多中国制造的产品质量好且便宜。 The man to give us a talk next week is a scientist.下周要 给我们作报告的人是个科学家。 Tu Youyou is the first Chinese to win the prize in scienc
43、e. 屠呦呦是第一个获得科学奖的中国人。 （二）名词短语的功能 名词短语在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。 1.作主语 The broken glass may cut into your hand if you touch it. 如果你触摸它，坏了的玻璃杯可能会划伤你的手。 -The best season to come to Yichang is spring. 到宜昌的最佳季节是春季。 -I think so. The green water and green mountains are unforgettable 我也是这样看的。青山绿水令人难忘。 The
44、houses built last year are for the teachers. 去年建成的那些房子是为老师们建的。 2.作宾语 Id like tomato noodles for breakfast. 早餐我想要西红柿面条。 Jacks mother cant go to the parents meeting because she is too busy. 杰克 的妈妈不能参加家长会，因为她太忙了。 Do you have this T-shirt in a small size? 你有小号的这款 T 恤吗？ 3.作表语 Excuse me! Is this Lucy and
45、Lilys new house? 打扰一下，这是露西和莉莉的新房子吗？ He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作最好的人选。 This is the method of cooking the tasty cookie. 这就是做这种美味甜饼的方法。 4.作宾语补足语 We made Tom our group leader. 我们选汤姆当我们的组长。 More and more foreigners consider Beijing Opera an important part of Chinese culture. 越来越多的外国人认为京剧是中
46、国文化的一个重要组成部分。 二形容词短语 指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。形容词短语通常是 由形容词及其修饰语构成。 （一） 形容词短语的组成 1.副词+形容词 注 意 ：enough 修饰形容词，放 The little boy is very clever. 这个小男孩很聪明。 My deskmate is really active. 我的同桌真的是很活泼。 Im terribly sorry. 我非常抱歉。 10 在所修饰的形 容词之后。 She feels quite happy. 她感到很开心。 Tom is much more friendly and
47、he has more friends. 汤姆（对人）更友好，他有更多的朋友。 This coat was much too expensive.这件大衣太贵了。 This movie wasnt interesting enough. 这部电影不足够有趣。 You cant be careful enough. 你怎么小心也不为过。 2. 形容词+ 介词短语 His face was white with anger. 他的脸气得发白。 The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 3. 形容词+ 不定式短语 He is sure to come. 他一定会来的
48、。 He is eager to see his parents. 他急切地想见到父母。 （二）形容词短语的功能 形容词短语在句中当作形容词用，一般可用作定语（修饰名词或代词） 、表语、宾语补足语 或状语。 1. 作定语 My little sister is a very curious girl and she always asks me strange questions. 我的小妹妹是一个好奇心强的女孩，她总是问我奇怪的问题。 Tom is a student always ready to help others. 汤姆是个学生，总是乐于助人。 2. 作表语 The sweater
49、 is too expensive，and I dont have enough money to buy it. 那件毛 衣太贵了，我没有足够的钱买。 Robot is so busy that he even has no time to stay with his children at weekends. 罗伯特如此忙,以至于周末他没有时间和孩子待在一起。 He cant do anything, hes completely good for nothing! 他什么都干不了，一点也没用。 3. 作宾语 补足语 Helping others makes us very proud.
50、帮助别人使我们非常自豪。 I find the book easy to understand.我发现这本书很好懂。 4. 作状语 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired. 长途旅行后他们三人回家了，又累又饿。 Curious enough，Danny opened the box to see what was in it. 出于好奇，丹尼打开了那只盒子，想看看里面是什么。 三副词短语 指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词。副词短语通常是由副词 及其修饰语构成。 （一
