1、20192019 届高一上册英语语法专题复习届高一上册英语语法专题复习 专题二、定专题二、定 语语 从从 句句 （一）定义及相关术语（一）定义及相关术语 1定语从句定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句. .定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰 的先行词之后的先行词之后. . 2 2先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词. 3 3关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词. . 关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as 等； 关系副词有
2、when,where,why 等. 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A、引导定语从句； B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分. 例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中,who is shaking hands with my fatherwho is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词 the man, “who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词 the man,在定语从句中作主语. （二）关系代词引导的定语从句（二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1 1
3、who who 指人指人, ,在定语从句中作主语在定语从句中作主语. . The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的. Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨 7 点到大门口集合. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人. That is the teacher
4、 who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师. 2 2whom whom 指人指人, ,在定语从句中做宾语在定语从句中做宾语, ,常可常可省略省略. . 例例（1）Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人. 例例（2）Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩. 例例（3）The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.
5、你正在等的教授已经来了. 例（例（4 4）The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长. 注意：关系代词注意：关系代词 whomwhom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用在口语或非正式文体中常可用 whowho 来代替来代替, ,也可省略也可省略. . 例例（1 1）The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3 3WhichWhich 指物指物, ,在定语从句中做主语或宾语在定语从句中做主语或宾语, ,做宾语时常可省略做
6、宾语时常可省略. . 例（例（1 1）Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动. 例（例（2 2）The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远. 例（例（3 3）He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书. 例（例（4 4）The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的
7、那幢房子看上去很漂亮. 例（例（5 5）This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔. 例（例（7 7）The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有. 4 4ThatThat 指人时指人时, ,相当于相当于 whowho 或或 whomwhom；指物时；指物时, ,相当于相当于 which.which.在定语从句中作主语或在定语从句中作主语或 宾语宾语, ,作宾语时常可省略作宾语时常可省略.
8、. 例（例（1 1）The number of people that / whothat / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万. 例（例（2 2）Where is the man that / whomthat / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿? 例（例（3 3）The person that /whom that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好. 例
9、（例（4 4）The season that / whichthat / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季. 例（例（5 5）Yesterday I received a letter that / whichthat / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信. 5 5Whose Whose 通常指人通常指人, ,也可指物也可指物, ,在定语从句中做定语在定语从句中做定语. . 例（例（1 1）I visited a scientist whose whose name is know
10、n all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家. 例（例（2 2）He has a friend whosewhose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友. 例（例（3 3）I once lived in the house whosewhose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里. 注意：指物时注意：指物时, ,常用下列结构来代替：常用下列结构来代替： 例（例（1 1）The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. 例（例（2 2）The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 例（例（3 3）Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? 例（例（4 4）Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow
