1、返返 首首 页页 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND 教学教学知识细解码知识细解码 1 返返 首首 页页 1 vt.把献(给)； 把专用于； 专心于devoted adj. 忠诚的；深爱的devotion n奉献；忠诚 2short adj.短的；不足的；短期的 n不足；缺少； 短缺shorten vt.使变短 3character n性情；(小说、戏剧中的)人物；角色 n特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的 devote shortage characteristic 2 返返 首首 页页 4convention n常规；习俗；惯例 adj.传统的； 习惯的 5assume
2、v假定；设想 n假定；设定；(责任 的)承担；(权利的)获得 6real adj.真的really adv.真正地；实际上 n现实； 实际情况；事实 7salt n盐 adj.含盐的；咸的 conventional assumption reality salty 3 返返 首首 页页 1boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n增长；提高；激励 These changes will help to boost food prices. _ This has given clothing prices a big boost. _ This measure will be a great boost
3、 to the economy. _ vt.使增长 n增长 n激励 4 返返 首首 页页 2expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务) The ranks of the teachers are constantly expanding._ The merchant wants to expand his business. _ The writer expanded his short novel into a long one. _ vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩大 vt.扩展 5 返返 首首 页页 3estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n估计；估算 The pa
4、inters estimate for painting the whole house was 1，000 dollars. _ This painting is estimated at $200- $300. _ He estimated the speed of the winds from the degree of damage. _ n估计；估价 vt. 估价 vt. 估算 6 返返 首首 页页 4characteristic n特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的 The two species have several characteristics in common.
5、 _ I recognized his characteristic walk. _ Independence is the outstanding characteristic of a runner._ n.特征；特点 adj.典型的；独特的 n.品质 7 返返 首首 页页 Words And Phrases 知识要点1 devote vt.把献(给)；把专用于；专心于 (教材 P50)Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers to whom he has devote
6、d his life. 事实上， 他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和农民一样， 而他为千千万 万中国农民奉献了一生。 8 返返 首首 页页 例 1 We should devote everything we have. 我们应该奉献我们的一切。 例 2 He devoted a great sum of money to books. 他花了一大笔钱买书。 翻译 他将一生奉献给了教育事业。 He devoted himself entirely/all his life to education. 9 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 (1)devote.to (doing) sth. 把献给(做)某事
7、devote oneself tobe devoted to 献身于；专心致力于 (2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 (3)devotion n. 奉献；关爱 10 返返 首首 页页 即学即练单句语法填空 His (devote) to the cause of education is well- known. Qian Xuesen has been devoted Chinas aerospace all his life. Neighbors devoted their spare time to (help) others rebuild. devotion to hel
8、ping 11 返返 首首 页页 小片段填空 He could only two hours a day the project, but his to duty is worth respecting. 他一天只能在这个项目上花两个小时， 但他忠于职守是值得尊敬 的。 devote to devotion 12 返返 首首 页页 知识要点2 convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服 (教材 P50)Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 袁隆平确信，答案可以在杂交水
9、稻的培育中找到。 例 1 Roberts expression had obviously convinced her of his innocence. 罗伯特的表情显然使她相信他是清白的。 13 返返 首首 页页 例2 She needed to find a way to convince Michel he was wrong. 她需要想办法使米歇尔相信他错了。 翻译 我自己都不会相信，更别提说服别人了。 Im not going to believe it myself, never mind convince anyone else 14 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 (1)conv
10、ince sb.of sth. 使某人确信/明白某事 convince sb.that. 使某人相信 convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 (2)convincing adj. 令人信服的 convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的 be convinced of 相信 be convinced (that). (某人)相信 15 返返 首首 页页 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 I am quite convinced her experience in it. Im not completely (convince) (that) he knew the impo
11、rtance of practice. His speech was so (convince) that everyone present believed what he said. of convinced convincing 16 返返 首首 页页 我们一直在试图说服他放弃那个计划。 Weve been trying 她说的话让我相信我错了。 What she said I was mistaken. convinced me that to convince him to give up the plan 17 返返 首首 页页 知识要点3 assumption n假定；设定；(责
12、任的)承担；(权利 的)获得 (教材 P50)The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 当时人们普遍认为这是不可能的。 例 1 We mistook assumption that the price would fall. 我们错误地认为价格会下降。 18 返返 首首 页页 例 2 Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions. 你的论证建立在一套有问题的假设上。 翻译 她总在猜别人有多少钱。 Shes always making assumpt
13、ions about how much money people have. 19 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 (1)make an assumption 认为；假定 on the assumption that. 假定 (2)assume v. 假定；设想 assume sb./sth.to be 假定/假设某人/某事为 It is assumed that. 一般认为 (3)assuming(that) . 假设/假定 20 返返 首首 页页 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 (assume) that it rains, what shall we do? The project was
14、predicated on the (assume) that the economy was expanding. 一般认为，过重的工作会造成压力。 too much work will cause stress. Assuming assumption It is generally assumed that 21 返返 首首 页页 在听到对他不利的证词之前，你假定他是无罪的。 You innocent before hearing the evidence against him. assume him to be 22 返返 首首 页页 小片段填空 In most cases a fa
15、lse would lead to a problem for the project, since we usually tend to things will go the way we want. 在大部分的情况下，错误的假定会导致项目发生问题，因为我们 通常倾向于假定事情会如我们所希望般的发生。 assume that assumption 23 返返 首首 页页 知识要点4 overcome vt.(overcame, overcome)克服；解决；战 胜 ( 教 材 P50)Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technic
16、al difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. 通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题，于 1974 年培 育出了第一种可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。 24 返返 首首 页页 例 1 In the final game Sweden easily overcame France. 在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。 例 2 I would overcome any weakness, any despair, any fear. 我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。 翻
17、译 她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。 She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal. 25 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 overcome difficulties 战胜困难 be overcome with 因而受不了 26 返返 首首 页页 即学即练完成句子 他克服了种种困难最终取得了成功。 He and succeeded at last 他突然对自己造成的伤害懊悔不已。 He the harm he had done. was suddenly overcome with overcame all kinds of difficult
18、ies 27 返返 首首 页页 知识要点5 expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务) (教材 P50)This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. 这种杂交水稻使农民大大增加了产量。 例 1 The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine. 许多花瓣在阳光下绽放。 28 返返 首首 页页 例 2 The business has expanded greatly over the last year. 过去的一年里，这家公司极大地增加了业务量。
19、 翻译 中国的信息产业正迅速发展。 The information industries are rapidly expanding in China. 29 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 expand .into. 把扩展/发展成 expand into. 发展成/扩大成 expand on sth. 细说(阐述) 30 返返 首首 页页 即学即练完成句子 请你把这一点详细说明一下，好吗？ Could you this point, please? 他的工作室扩大规模而成为一家大公司了。 His studio a big company. was expanded into expand on
20、 31 返返 首首 页页 知识要点6 be comprised of 包括；包含；由组成(或构成) (教材 P50)Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains. 据估算， 现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平 的杂交水稻。 32 返返 首首 页页 例 1 The committee is comprised of representatives f
21、rom both public and private sectors. 委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。 例 2 Groups are comprised of two or more people. 小组由两人或两人以上组成。 翻译 医疗队包括 10 个医生和一辆救护车。 The medical team is comprised of ten doctors and one ambulance. 33 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 consist of 由组成 be made up of 由组成，构成 34 返返 首首 页页 即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译 A week consis
22、ts seven days. 救援队由 8 个士兵和 2 个医生组成。 The rescue team eight soldiers and two doctors. The rescue team eight soldiers and two doctors.The rescue team eight soldiers and two doctors. of is composed of consists of is made up of 35 返返 首首 页页 名师点津 consist of没有被动语态， 相当于be made up of或be composed of， 且不用于进行时。
23、36 返返 首首 页页 Sentence Patterns 重点句式1 what 引导主语从句 (教材 P50)However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏 食物。 句式分析：句中 what concerned him most 为 what 引导的主语从 句。 37 返返 首首 页页 例 1 What we need is
24、 money. 我们需要的是钱。 例 2 What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。 翻译 是什么使他哭的还不清楚。 What made her angry was not clear. 38 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 what 是连接代词，引导的从句可以作主语、宾语或表语；what 本身在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。 39 返返 首首 页页 即学即练完成句子 他想知道经理在会议上说了些什么。 He wanted to know at the meeting. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。 The young girl was too fri
25、ghtened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours what the manager had said 40 返返 首首 页页 把你买的东西给我看看。 Show me 你最好还是努力工作。 Its the best that you should work hard what you have bought 41 返返 首首 页页 名师点津 that 引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无 意义，在宾语从句中通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从 句中均不能省略；what 除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为
26、 “所的(东西)” ，在含义上等于“名词that”。 42 返返 首首 页页 重点句式2 It is/was过分分词that. (教材 P50)Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains. 据估算， 现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平 的杂交水稻。 句式分析：句中 it is estimated that“据估算”为 “It is/was过 分分词
27、that.” 结构。it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主 语从句。 43 返返 首首 页页 例 1 It is estimated that every year 50 unaccompanied children arrive in Britain. 据估计，每年有 50 名儿童独自来到英国。 例 2 It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old. 据估计这花瓶有两千年历史。 翻译 这次会议预计要开 4 天。 It is estimated that the meeting will last four days. 44 返返
28、首首 页页 知识拓展 (1)常用于此结构的动词有 say，report，think，hope，suggest， believe，require，announce 等。 (2)此句型可改写为“sb./sth.be said/believed/thoughtto do” 或“people say/think.(that).”结构。 45 返返 首首 页页 即学即练完成句子/句型转换 据报道，三分之一的市民打算购买私家车。 one third of citizens plan to buy a private car. 人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。 the terrible disease
29、 will soon be controlled. 据说他已经通过了驾照考试。 he has passed the driving test. He the driving test. It is reported that It is hoped that It is said that is said to have passed 46 返返 首首 页页 重点句式3 given that.引导的状语从句 (教材 P51)Given that Yuans hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire
30、to a life of leisure. 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有， 人们可能认为他会退休 享受闲适的生活。 句式分析：given that.意为“考虑到”，引导的是一个状语 从句。 47 返返 首首 页页 例1 Given that theyre inexperienced, theyve done a good job. 在缺乏经验的情况下, 他们的工作已经算是做得相当不错了。 例 2 Given that he gracefully apologized, the woman accepted his apology. 在他有礼貌地道歉后，这位女士接受了他的道歉。 48 返返
31、 首首 页页 翻译 考虑到自己挣得不多，我用钱通常比较精打细算，这也 是迫不得已。 Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be， given that I dont earn that much 49 返返 首首 页页 知识拓展 (1)用作 give 的过去分词，引出过去分词短语作状语，意为“如 果有”， “假定”等义，此时要注意其逻辑主语与句子主语 保持一致。 (2)可用作介词，后接名词或代词，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”。 (3)用作形容词，意为“特定的”“一定的” “规定的”等，通常 用作定语。 (4)given 后也可接 that
32、从句，表示“考虑到”。 50 返返 首首 页页 即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换 The work must be done within the (give) time. 要是对这些树多加注意，它们会长得更好。 If the trees had been given more attention, they could be grown better. , the trees could have grown better. given Given more attention 51 返返 首首 页页 给以时间的话，他们可能会同意。 If they are given time, theyll
33、 probably agree. , theyll probably agree. 鉴于她对小孩的兴趣，我敢肯定教书是她最适合的职业。 Given her interest in children, Im sure teaching is the right career for her. , Im sure teaching is the right career for her. Given time Given that she is interested in children 52 返返 首首 页页 1However, what concerned him most was that
34、 farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 分析 本句是一个复合句。句中 what concerned him most 为 what 引导的主语从句，that farmers.为 that 引导的表语从句，其中不 定式短语 to eat 作名词 food 的后置定语。 译文 然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至 严重缺乏食物。 53 返返 首首 页页 2Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent o
35、f domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops, generated from Yuans hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. 54 返返 首首 页页 分析 本句是一个复合句。句中 and 连接表示顺承关系的并列 句， 其中第一个分句中 it 为形式主语， 真正的主语是后面 that 引导的 名词性从句；过去分词短语 generated
36、from Yuans hybrid strains 作名 词 crops 的后置定语。 译文 据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来 自袁隆平的杂交水稻， 他的杂交水稻品种让中国农民每年能够生产出 大约两亿吨大米。 55 返返 首首 页页 教材 高考 1.Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers to whom he has devoted his life. (2018 浙江卷)Others insist that with children under inc
37、reasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships (实习) or study, theres still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood. 56 返返 首首 页页 2.However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. (20
38、19 全国卷) What I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one. (2019 浙江)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. 57 返返 首首 页页 3.One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. (2019 江苏
39、卷)The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extra- ordinarily large brains compared with other animals. 4.The common assumption then was that it could not be done. (2019 江苏卷)A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might m
40、ake a nice blow- up for one of the visitors centers. 58 返返 首首 页页 5.Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. (2019 全国卷)You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unpla
41、nned. 59 返返 首首 页页 .单句语法填空 1Nowadays many students devote too much time to (play) computer games. 2 This is the most (convince) evidence that I can find. 3Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without (expand) the area of the fields. playing convincing expanding 60 返返 首首 页页 4They
42、 were to meet at a (give) time and place. 5Shanghai food is rather oily, and Beijing food is (salt) and spicy. 6We thought he was serious but in (real) he was joking. 7People used to believe that dirt (generate) disease. 8It (estimate) that not less than half a million people died in the famine. giv
43、en salty reality generated is estimated 61 返返 首首 页页 9That was the extreme southern limit (attain) by the courageous traveller. 10The recent heavy rains have helped to ease the water (short) attained shortage 62 返返 首首 页页 .短语填空 far from, devote.to, be comprised of, depend on, deep down 1All these fund
44、s raised the building of sports facilities and construction of stadiums. 2The group two guitarists, a drummer, and a singer. 3We knew that we could do it. were devoted to is comprised of deep down 63 返返 首首 页页 4Whether the game will be played the weather. 5To be honest, your son is trust worthy. far
45、from depends on 64 返返 首首 页页 .课文语法填空 Yuan Longping is one of Chinas famous scientists, who is 1._(know) as the “father of hybrid rice”He was born in 1930 in Beijing.Because he wanted to tackle 2. problem of low yield, he 3._(choose) to study agriculture at college.After graduation, he worked as a res
46、earcher and 4. (convince) that its possible to create hybrid rice.After hard work he succeeded in 5._(develop) the first hybrid rice in 1974.Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan has received numerous 6. (award) known the chose was convinced developing awards 65 返返 首首 页页 both in China and ab
47、road.Although his hybrids have made him quite 7._(wealth), he cares little 8. celebrity and money.Instead, he makes large donations 9. (support) agricultural research.Now Yuan still tries to fulfil his new dreams and everyone is waiting to see 10. he will dream up next. wealthy for to support what 66 返返 首首 页页 Thank you for watching ! 67
