1、1. Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America prior adj. existing or arranged before something else or before the present situation 先前的；优先的先前的；优先的 prior to: before 在在之前之前 eg It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting. (翻译翻译) 栽种栽种之前给土壤施肥很重要。之前给土壤施肥很重要。
2、It happened prior to his arrival. (翻译翻译) 这这事发生在他到达以前事发生在他到达以前。 2. which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce consist of: include; be made up of 由由组成组成 【归纳归纳】 由由组成组成 be made up of consist of be composed of 【注意注意】consist of不能用于被动语态和进行时不能用于被动语态和进行时 态，常考其现在分词短语在句中作定语。类似态，常考其现在分词短语在句中作定语。类似
3、 的短语还有的短语还有date from/ back to, belong to等。等。 【语境应用语境应用】汉译英。汉译英。 1) 班里有班里有45个孩子。个孩子。 The class consists of / is made up of / is composed of 45 children. 2) 这幅画的美丽之处在于色彩的平衡。这幅画的美丽之处在于色彩的平衡。 The beauty of the painting consists in its balance of colours. consist in=lie in 存在于存在于 consist with 相符，与相符，与一致一
4、致 完成句子。完成句子。 3) With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, _ (由由组成组成) many weak links rather than a few strong ones. (2019天津天津) consist of 4) The medical team, which _(consist) of 8 doctors and 16 nurses, is making its way to
5、 the stricken area. 5) _ (consist) of potato crisps and fried chicken, contains much fat. 6) The committee _ up of ten members. 委员会委员会由十名成员组成。由十名成员组成。 consists Consisting is made 3. the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions. stuff vt. to push or put s
6、omething into a small space, especially in a quick careless way 填满；填满； 把把塞进塞进 n. 东西东西；物品物品 eg She stuffed two more sweaters into her bag. (翻译翻译) 她她又往她的袋子里塞了两件毛线衫又往她的袋子里塞了两件毛线衫。 Wheres all the camping stuff?(翻译翻译) 野营野营用的东西都在哪儿？用的东西都在哪儿？ 4. As a result, their traditional foods are what you can cook ov
7、er an open fire as a result: therefore; consequently 结果；因此结果；因此 【归纳归纳】 result短语短语 as a result of 由于；作为由于；作为的结果的结果 result from 由由引起引起 without result 毫无结果地毫无结果地 result in 导致；结果导致；结果 【助记助记】 【语境应用语境应用】单句改错单句改错。 1) He wasnt able to attend the party as a result his sudden headache. _ 在在result后加后加of 句型转换。句
8、型转换。 2) There is more and more pollution. As a result, many species are dying out. More and more pollution has _ _ many species dying out. The fact that many species are dying out _ _ more and more pollution. in results from resulted 完成句子。完成句子。 3) People have better access to health care than they u
9、sed to, and theyre living longer_ a result. (2017 北京北京) as 5. At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region minimum adj. the minimum number, degree, or amount of something is the smallest or least that is possible, allowed, or needed 最低最低(限度限度) 的；最小的的；最小
10、的 n. the smallest amount of something or number of things that is possible or necessary 最小值；最小值； 最少量最少量 eg The minimum number of students we need to run the course is fifteen. (翻译翻译) 我们我们开设这门课程需要的学生人数至少为开设这门课程需要的学生人数至少为 15 人人。 at a minimum: used to say that if nothing else is done, this one thing sh
11、ould be done 最最起码，至起码，至 少，少，最少最少 eg At a minimum, we must recruit(聘用聘用) two new teachers. (翻译翻译) 我们我们最起码应该招两名新教师。最起码应该招两名新教师。 consume vt. to eat or drink something 吃吃；喝；喝； 饮；饮； to use time, energy, goods etc 消耗消耗 be consumed with sth. (某种情绪或念头某种情绪或念头)充满充满 (内心内心) 【拓展拓展】 consumer n. 消费者消费者, 顾客顾客 consu
12、mption n. 消费；消耗消费；消耗 【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。 1) We consume less meat, choosing green food. _ 2) He consumed much of his time each day in studying. _ 3) Tom is a person consumed with ambition. _ 我们少吃肉，选择绿色食物。我们少吃肉，选择绿色食物。 他每天耗费很多时间在学习上。他每天耗费很多时间在学习上。 汤姆是一个满怀抱负的人。汤姆是一个满怀抱负的人。 6. What we can say, however,
13、 is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand hand in hand: if two things go hand in hand, they are closely connected 密切密切关联的关联的 if two people are hand in hand, they are holding each others hand 手拉手手拉手 【拓展拓展】英语英语中由两个名词构成的对称结构，中由两个名词构成的对称结构， 名词前一般用零冠词名词前一般用零冠词。 arm in arm 臂臂挽着挽着臂臂 day by day 一天天一天天 da
14、y after day 日复一日日复一日 face to face 面对面面对面 side by side 并排并排 step by step 一步步一步步 year after year 年复一年年复一年 from time to time 偶尔偶尔 from beginning to end 从头到尾从头到尾 time and (time) again 一一次又一次次又一次 【语境应用语境应用】句子翻译句子翻译 1) Poverty and poor health often go hand in hand. 贫穷贫穷和健康不良常有联系。和健康不良常有联系。 2) They walked
15、hand in hand in silence up the path. 他们他们手牵着手静静地沿着小路散步。手牵着手静静地沿着小路散步。 1. On the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans. on the other hand 另一方面，另一方面，反过来说反过来说 on the other hand 可与可与on the one hand (一一 方面方面)并列使用并列使用, 也可单独使用。也可单独使用。 on the one handon the other hand “一方面“一方面，另一方，另一方 面面”，常用来表述一
16、个事”，常用来表述一个事 物的两个方面，通常用于引出物的两个方面，通常用于引出 不同的，尤其对立的观点、思不同的，尤其对立的观点、思 想等。想等。 for one thing for another (thing) “首先“首先，再者，再者”，所”，所 述两个方面的情况常常一致。述两个方面的情况常常一致。 on the one handon the other hand; for one thing for another (thing) 【语境应用语境应用】语法填空语法填空 Starting your own business could be a way to achieve financ
17、ial independence. _ the other hand, it could just put you in debt. 开办开办自己的公司可能是一种获得经济独立的方自己的公司可能是一种获得经济独立的方 法法, 另一方面另一方面, 它也可能让你负债累累。它也可能让你负债累累。 On 本句使用助动词本句使用助动词does来强调谓语动词。此用法来强调谓语动词。此用法 常用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中。常用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中。 do/does/did 表强调表强调 结构：结构：主语主语+ do/does/did+谓语谓语 eg I do hope you will
18、pass the exam. 我真的希望你能通过这次考试。我真的希望你能通过这次考试。 在祈使句中用在祈使句中用 “do+动词原形动词原形” 形式时，往往形式时，往往 不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更 加委婉的语气。加委婉的语气。 eg Do come in and sit down. 请快进来坐下。请快进来坐下。 用来加强句子语气的其他常见表达方式：用来加强句子语气的其他常见表达方式： 1) It is/was +被强调部分被强调部分+that+其他部分。其他部分。如如 果被强调部分指人，可用果被强调部分指人，可用who代替代替that。该。该
19、 句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能 强调谓语。强调谓语。 2) 倒装句式（把谓语或部分谓语提前）。倒装句式（把谓语或部分谓语提前）。 【语境应用语境应用】语法填空语法填空 1) She _(do) come but soon went back. 2) The little boy _(do) grow crazy about everything to do with nature. 3) It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors. did
20、 does that 2. Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese为为we had no idea how to order一句的一句的 状语，表示当时“我们”所处状态。同时，状语，表示当时“我们”所处状态。同时， 前面的部分又和前面的部分又和so the chef just began相并相并 列，表达因果关系。列，表达因果关系。 在在Tired, hungry, and not
21、knowing a word of Chinese 这个短语中，这个短语中，and并列连接了形容词并列连接了形容词 和现在分词短语。英语中，形容词、分词以和现在分词短语。英语中，形容词、分词以 及由它们构成的短语常可用作状语。及由它们构成的短语常可用作状语。 eg Shocked and frightened, she let the glass fall from her hand. (翻译翻译) 受到惊吓，她摔掉了手中的杯子。受到惊吓，她摔掉了手中的杯子。 Busy with his work, hes got no time for chatting with us. (翻译翻译) 忙于工作，他没有时间跟我们闲聊。忙于工作，他没有时间跟我们闲聊。 Practising hard in such a way, my little sister made rapid improvement in her handwriting. (翻译翻译) 如此刻苦地练习，我小妹妹的书法进步很快。如此刻苦地练习，我小妹妹的书法进步很快。
