1、UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND Part 1 Reading and Thinking 基础过关练 .单词拼写 1.His dream finally became a (事实). 2.She has to (克服)great difficulties to make a life in a new city. 3.Valentino is keen to see (名人)parading his clothes on big occasions. 4.He worked very hard toa his goal. 5.Thec way of farming has bee
2、n challenged by modern technology. 6.Solar energy has been used tog electricity in some countries. 7.He will read for pleasure during thel time. 8.Organic farmers turned to natural means tob crop yield. 9.Many people are out of work due to the economicc . 10.The new finding has attracted bothd and i
3、nternational attention. 11.She is an easy-going person with charmingc . .选词填空 care for,dream up,in spite of,be comprised of,far from 1.As a vegetarian, he didnt meat. 2.The community many ethnic minorities. 3.They always some new excuses for the trains arriving late. 4.With 10 guests to come, 6 chai
4、rs are enough. 5.She made a life in the capital city great difficulties. .单句语法填空 1.People in dry areas suffer from a (short)of water. 2.The (consume)of plastic products is threatening the environment. 3.His theory was based on false (assume). 4.The director (vision)an isolated life in his last movie
5、. 5.Researchers are (devote)to finding a cure for cancer. 6.A lack of (convince) evidence led to the failure of the case. 7.His muscle (strain)while he was taking exercise. .完成句子 1.估计已经有 10,000 美元花在了农业研究上。 10,000 dollars has been spent on agricultural research. 2.让游客们印象深刻的是优美的风景。 is the picturesque
6、scenery. 3.他成功的演艺事业使他富有。 His successful acting career . 4.他成功地解决了公司面临的危机。 He facing the company. .课文语法填空 Known as the “father of hybrid rice”, Yuan Longping is one of Chinas 1 (famous) scientists, who considers himself a farmer 2 his fame and influence. 3 (tackle) the crisis of food 4 (short), he at
7、tended Southwest Agricultural College and made up his mind to study agriculture. Then as a researcher, he was devoted to finding 5 approach to boosting yields without expanding the area of land. 6 (overcome) enormous difficulties, he developed the first hybrid rice in the world that could be used fo
8、r farming in 1974, which made 7 possible for farmers to expand their output 8 (great). Not only has his innovation helped to feed China, but it 9 (alleviate) hunger in other countries depending on rice like India and Vietnam. Given his great contribution, he has received numerous awards both in Chin
9、a and abroad. In spite of being wealthy, he cares little for celebrity or money and makes large donations to support agricultural research. Old 10 he is, he is still working hard to fulfill his dream. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 能力提升练 .阅读理解 A Like people, plants experience stress. And also, like
10、people, the response to that stress can determine success. Bad environmental conditions, such as drought, flood, heat and other stresses, affect yields(产量) more than crop pests and diseases. “We are trying to find a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain h
11、igh yields”, said Stephen Howell, a professor of genetics and cell biology. “Plant cells produce proteins (蛋白质) and ship them to different parts of the cell. Under normal conditions, these proteins are folded into their normal, healthy structures as they are produced. When a plant is under stress, i
12、ts cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins. Then a built-in system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell,” said Howell. In response to the alarm, another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring
13、 about defensive measures that help the plant survive. “As it turns out, responses that are activated under stressful conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants,” said Howell. “This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stressful conditions.” “For plants in the wild, this respons
14、e is a help for survival”, he said. In production of agricultural crops, however, this response reduces yields. “You dont want crop plants to stop growing,” Howell said. “You want them to continue to grow and produce more even though they are under stress.” “With the new understanding of this stress
15、 response, the next step may be to silence the alarm system”, said Howell. “What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses. That may make the plant more productive under stressful conditions.” 1.According to the text, an alarm in the plant cell is caused by . A.the folded protein
16、s B.the changed proteins C.the defensive measures D.the stress response genes 2.The energy preserved in the plants under stressful conditions . A.helps the plants to survive B.helps to maintain high yields C.keeps the plants growing D.helps to produce proteins 3.The underlined word “inhibit” in Para
17、graph 5 can be replaced by “ ”. A.prevent B.start C.continue D.promote 4.How does Howell intend to make crop plants maintain high yields under stressful conditions? A.By making crop plants keep more energy. B.By making crop plants stop growing. C.By making the alarm system stop working. D.By making
18、the alarm system respond quickly. B There is an old saying in China that goes, “The days of the Sanjiu period are the coldest days.” The “Sanjiu period”, which is in Minor Cold(小寒), refers to the third nine-day period (the 19th to the 27th day) after the day of the winter solstice(冬至). There are man
19、y different customs related to Minor Cold in China. Eating hotpot During Minor Cold people should eat some hot food to benefit the body and defend against the cold weather. Winter is the best time to have hotpot and braised mutton(炖羊肉) with soy sauce. But it is important to notice that too much spic
20、y food may cause health problems. Eating huangyacai In Tianjin, there is a custom to have huangyacai, a kind of Chinese cabbage, during Minor Cold. There are large amounts of vitamins A and B in huangyacai. As huangyacai is fresh and tender, it is fit for frying, roasting and stewing. Eating glutino
21、us rice(糯米饭) According to tradition, the Cantonese eat glutinous rice in the morning during Minor Cold. Cantonese add some fried preserved(腌制的) pork, sausages and peanuts and mix them into the rice. Eating vegetable rice In ancient times, people in Nanjing took Minor Cold quite seriously, but as tim
22、e went by, the celebration of Minor Cold gradually disappeared. However, the custom of eating vegetable rice is still followed today. The rice is steamed and is unspeakably delicious. Among the ingredients, aijiaohuang (a kind of green vegetable), sausages and salted ducks are the specialties in Nan
23、jing. 5.What do we know about Minor Cold? A.It lasts twenty-seven days. B.It marks the first day of winter. C.It refers to the winter solstice. D.The Sanjiu period is in Minor Cold. 6.What is a special custom in Tianjin in Minor Cold? A.Eating hotpot. B.Buying cabbage. C.Having huangyacai. D.Having
24、vitamins A and B pills. 7.How do the Cantonese eat glutinous rice? A.They fry and toast it. B.They eat it for dinner. C.They steam it with soy sauce. D.They mix it with many other things. 8.This text may be taken from the column of a newspaper. A.travel B.culture C.fashion D.science .七选五 Stress is a
25、 popular cause of major diseases affecting people worldwide. It is so common that people have begun to search for the best and easiest ways to reduce stress. 1 Exercise for a better life. Regular runners say that there is no better feeling than the one you get when you finish your daily run. Exercis
26、ing is an effective way for you to remove stress from your life. 2 And it can also lift your mood. An additional benefit of exercising is that it keeps you fit and healthy! Organize it. Keeping your workplace and home organized is also a way for you to avoid stressful situations. Working in a messy
27、area keeps your brain thinking on several different things at the same time. 3 Manage your time wisely. 4 Sticking to your schedule gives you focus and a goal to work on. It also helps you avoid missing out on deadlines which are a great source of stress. Managing your time wisely means managing you
28、r stress. In a word, we shouldnt let stress stop us living a normal and healthy life. Stress will naturally appear due to the modern way of life. 5 Dont let stress get the better of you and make you lead an unhappy life. A.Here are the reasons why people always feel stressed. B.Identify what causes
29、your stress. C.Plan your day ahead and stick to it. D.There are some ways to say goodbye to stress. E.Regular exercise gives you time to think abut things. F.And it gets hard to concentrate on just one thing. G.But just like fire, if we control stress it cant hurt us. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Part 1 Reading a
30、nd Thinking 基础过关练 .1.reality 2.overcome 3.celebrities 4.attain 5.conventional 6.generate 7.leisure 8.boost 9.crisis 10.domestic 11.characteristics .1.care for 2.is comprised of 3.dream up 4.far from 5.in spite of .1.shortage 考查名词。句意:干旱地区的人们饰受缺水之苦。冠词 a 后接名词,a shortage of 意为“缺少”。 2.consumption 考查名词。句意
31、:塑料产品的消耗正在威胁环境。由 the.of 结构可知此处应用名 词形式,表示“的消耗”,用 the consumption of。 3.assumptions 考查名词。句意:他的理论是以错误的设想为基础的。be based on 意为“以 为基础”,介词 on 后需接名词,assumption 是可数名词,设空处前无冠词,故填 assumptions。 4.envisioned 考查动词。句意:这个导演在他的上部电影里设想了一种孤独的生活。句子缺少谓 语,in his last movie 提示句子用一般过去时,故填 envisioned。 5.devoted 考查固定搭配。句意:研究人
32、员致力亍找到一种癌症的治疗方法。be devoted to 意为 “致力亍”,故填 devoted。 6.convincing 考查形容词。句意:缺少令人信服的证据导致这个案子败诉了。此处需用形容词修饯 evidence,由句意可知填 convincing,表示“令人信服的”。 7.was strained 考查语态和时态。句意:在锻炼的时候他的肌肉拉伤了。muscle 不 strain 之间是 被动关系,故用被动语态,由从句中的 was 可知,此处应用一般过去时,填 was strained。 .1.It is estimated that 2.What impresses the visi
33、tors 3.makes him wealthy 4.succeeded in tackling the crisis .1.most famous 考查形容词最高级。此处指袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一。由语境可知这 里应用形容词最高级 most famous。 2.despite 考查介词。此处指尽管他负有盛名和影响力,他还是把自己看作一个农民。空后 fame 和 influence 是名词,介词后可接名词,根据句意可知填 despite,表示“尽管”。 3.To tackle 考查非谓语动词。句意:为解决食物短缺的危机,他上西南农学院幵下定决心学习农业。 根据句意可知,此处用动词丌定式短
34、语作目的状语,故填 To tackle。 4.shortage 考查名词。句意:见上题解析。food shortage 意为“食物短缺”。 5.an 考查冠词。此处指他致力亍找到一种提高产量又丌用扩大土地面积的方法。此处第一次提到 approach,表泛指,用丌定冠词,approach 以元音音素开头,故用 an。 6.Having overcome 考查非谓语动词。此处指克服重重困难后,他在 1974 年研发出世界上第一株 可用亍农业的杂交水稻。克服困难后才研发出杂交水稻,overcome 的动作发生在谓语 developed 之前,不其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,故用 Having overc
35、ome。 7.it 考查形式宾语。此处指这使得农民们能够大大地扩大产量。动词丌定式短语是 make 真正的 宾语,此处应用 it 作形式宾语。 8.greatly 考查副词。此处用副词 greatly 修饯动词 expand。 9.has alleviated 考查时态。句意:他的新方法丌仅有助亍养活中国人,而且也缓和了其他像印度和 越南这样的依靠大米的国家的饥饿问题。not only.but.是连词,连接幵列的分句,后一分句缺谓语, 前一分句用现在完成时,故此处也应用现在完成时,故填 has alleviated。 10.as/though 考查让步状语从句和倒装。句意:尽管他年事已高,他仍
36、然努力工作来实现他的梦想。 根据句意可知,此处表示“尽管”,从句表语 old 提到句首,用了倒装,故用 as 戒 though 引导让步状 语从句。 能力提升练 . A 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,讲述了在丌利的环境下,植物会产生压力,而植物体内存在的一种警报 系统能够应对压力,维持植物的生存,但这同时会造成植物减产,生物学家正在研究一种能够提高植物 的抗压能力,同时维持高产的方法。 1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 When a plant is under stress, its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins. Then
37、 a built-in system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell 可知当植物处亍压力之下时,它的细胞会制造出折叠丌充分戒未折叠的蛋白质,正是这些被改变的 蛋白质会使植物体内存在的一种警报系统发出警报。 2.A 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stressful conditions.”可知在压力条件下,植物体内储存的能量能够帮助植物生存下来。 3.A 词义猜测题。根据第六段第二句中 this response reduce
38、s yields 可以推断画线单词所在部 分的意思为:正如结果所示,在压力条件下被激活的反应实际上会抑制植物的生长。inhibit 意为“抑 制,阻碍”。prevent 阻止,妨碍;start 开始;continue 持续;promote 促迚。故选 A。 4.C 细节理解题。根据末段中的 the next step may be to silence the alarm system 和 What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses.可知 Howell 将通过使警报系 统停止工作来维持植物在压力条件下的高
39、产量。 原句 In response to the alarm, another protein(IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive. 句意 在对警报的反应中,另一种蛋白质(IRE1)开始工作,幵产生一个丌同的过程,这个过程激活应激 反应基因,该基因的产物使得帮助植物生存的防御措施产生。 分析 w
40、hich 引导定语从句,修饯先行词 process;whose 引导定语从句,修饯先行词 the stress response genes;that 引导定语从句,修饯先行词 measures。 【高频词汇】 1.stress n.压力 2.response n.反应 3.tolerate vt.容忍,忍受 4.maintain vt.维持 5.survival n.生存,生还 6.silence vt.压制;使安静 B 语篇解读 本文主要介绍了中国人在小寒这一节气期间的饮食习俗,旨在传播中华文化习俗。 5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 The“Sanjiu period”,which i
41、s in Minor Cold(小寒), refers to the third nine-day period(the 19th to the 27th day) after the day of the winter solstice (冬至).可知,“三九”在小寒节气内。故选 D 项。 6.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 In Tianjin, there is a custom to have huangyacai, a kind of Chinese cabbage, during Minor Cold.可知,天津人在小寒的时候会吃黄芽菜。故选 C 项。 7.D 细节理解题。根据第四
42、段中的 Cantonese add some fried preserved(腌制的)pork, sausages and peanuts and mix them into the rice.可知,广东人将糯米饭和其他很多东西混在一 起吃。故选 D 项。 8.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 There are many different customs related to Minor Cold in China.可知,文章可能选自报纸的文化栏目。故选 B 项。 【高频词汇】 1.custom n.习俗 2.spicy adj.辛辣的 3.fry v.油煎;油炸 4.steam v.蒸 5
43、.specialty n.特产 .语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍如何减少生活中的压力。 1.D 根据上文中提到的 people have begun to search for the best and easiest ways to reduce stress 可知应选 D 项:这里有一些和压力说再见的方法。该句承接上一句。 2.E 本段主要讲锻炼身体。上文中提到 Exercising is an effective way for you to remove stress from your life.,下文提到 And it can also lift your mood.可知该句
44、讲的也是锻炼身体的好处,故选 E 项:定期锻炼给你时间思考事情。 3.F 本段主要讲要将生活过得有条理。上文提到 Working in a messy area keeps your brain thinking on several different things at the same time.,由此可知应选 F 项:幵且很难叧集中在一 件事情上。不上句构成递迚关系。 4.C 该空设亍小标题之下,应迚一步解释小标题,幵引出下文。该段主要讲的是明智地管理时间,而且 下一句提到 Sticking to your schedule,由此可知应选 C 项:提前计划你的一天,幵且坚持下去。 5.G 该段为总结段落,主要讲我们丌要让压力阻止我们过正常、健康的生活。上一句提到 Stress will naturally appear,下句提到 Dont let stress get the better of you.,由此可知应选 G 项:但就 像火一样,如果我们控制压力,它就丌能伤害到我们。 【高频词汇】 1.major adj.主要的 2.reduce v.减少 3.effective adj.有效的 4.remove vt.移除 5.additional adj.额外的 6.stressful adj.有压力的
