1、1 contradict vt.与发生矛盾， 与抵触contradictory adj.相互矛盾的； 对立的；不一致的 2infect vt.使感染；传染infection n感染；传染 3prove vt. 证明；检验proof n证据；证明；检验 4intervene vi.干涉；干预intervention n介入；出面；干涉 1suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 adj.可 疑的；不可信的 I suspect (that) you once thought otherwise. vt.怀疑 Two suspects are now being i
2、nterrogated in connection with the killing. n.犯罪嫌疑人 His reason for being absent is suspect. adj.可疑的 2blame vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责 n责备；指责 He bears the blame of his brother. n.责备；指责 You can hardly blame Peter for being angry with her. vt.责怪；指责 Whenever something goes wrong，everyone blames it on me. vt.把归咎于 3ha
3、ndle n把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) You have to turn the handle and then pull it towards you. n. 把手；拉手 A label on the crate read：“Handle with care” vt.处理；搬动 Garden tools can be dangerous if carelessly handled. vt.操纵；使用 4link n联系；纽带 vt.把连接起来；相关联 The road links all the new towns. vt.把连接起来 Scientists
4、have established possible links between cancer and diet. n.联系 The two countries have successfully solved the boundary issue， which now has become a link of friendship between the two peoples. n.纽带 5decrease n减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小； 降低 The population began to decrease. vi.减少；减小；降低 They dec
5、reased the size of the group from 25 to 15. vt.减少；减小；降低 There has been some decrease in imports. n.减少；降低 Words And Phrases 知识要点1 once and for all 最终地；彻底地 (教材 P2) However， he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。 例 1 He will explain it fully once and for all. 他
6、将把它充分地解释一次，就此了结。 例 2 The teacher has warned the student once and for all. 那位老师已断然警告那个学生。 翻译 我最后一次警告你。如果你不停止纠缠我，你将来会后悔的。 Im warning you once and for all，if you dont stop disturbing me，youll be regretful. 知识拓展 all at once 突然；同时 at once 立刻，马上 once and again 一而再，再三 即学即练 单句语法填空 We have to resolve this ma
7、tter once and for all. All at once there was someone knocking on the door. He was punished once and again for telling lies. 知识要点2 subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) (教材 P2) Snow subscribed to the second theory. 斯诺赞同第二种理论。 例 1 He subscribed for 1，000 shares.他认购一千股。 例 2 I subscribed to that magazine.It
8、 is put out every week. 我订阅了那本杂志，它是周刊。 翻译 我十分赞同那个观点。 I heartily subscribe to that view 知识拓展 subscribe to 同意；赞成；订阅 subscribe.to. 把捐赠给；把签署在上 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 In order to improve his daughters English，he subscribed to English Weekly. He subscribed his name to the contract. If you subscribe to the newsp
9、aper，itll be delivered to your door. 如果你订阅这个报纸，它会给你送货上门的。 小片段填空 We applied for subscribing to some magazines useful for our work.The department manager subscribed to it and subscribed his name to the application form. 我们申请订阅几本对我们的工作有益的杂志，部门经理同意了这一请求，并 在申请表上签上了他的名字。 知识要点3 (教材 P2) Snow suspected that
10、the water pump was to blame 斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。 (1)suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 例 1 I suspect him to know everything about that. 我猜想那件事他全都知道了。 例 2 She had no reason to suspect that Sylvia had not told the truth. 她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。 翻译 警察怀疑钱是他偷的。 The police suspect him of having taken the money 知识拓展 su
11、spect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事 suspect sb. to be. 怀疑某人是 即学即练 单句语法填空 I suspect him to be(be) a pickpocket. I suspected the girl of lying (lie) to us. 小片段填空 The first suspect was the victims son.The police suspected him of murdering his father，because the neighbors reported having heard them figh
12、ting on the night of the killing. 第一个嫌疑犯是死者的儿子。警察怀疑他谋杀了他的父亲，因为邻居们在案 发当晚曾听到他们打架。 (2)blame vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责 n责备；指责 例 1 They placed the blame on the doctor. 他们把责任归咎于医生。 例 2 He tried to escape blame for what he had done. 他试图不为自己的行为负责。 翻译 看来水是罪魁祸首。 It seemed that the water was to blame 知识拓展 (1)be to blame (
13、for sth.) (对某事)负有责任，应受责备 blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人 blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事 (2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人 take the blame for sth. 对某事承担责任 即学即练 单句语法填空/一句多译 If that happens，the coach will take the blame for it. You are not to blame (blame)I cant put the blame on you
14、. You shouldnt blame John for the failure. You shouldnt blame the failure on John. 你们不应该把这次失败归咎于约翰。 知识要点4 link n. 联系；纽带 vt.把连接起来；相关联 (教材 P3) Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. 此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。 例 1
15、The two companies have linked. 这两家公司已联合。 例 2 The new bridge will link the island to the mainland. 新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。 翻译 那家新公司与几家较老的公司联合以保护自己。 The new company linked up with several older ones in selfprotection. 知识拓展 (1)link.to/with. 将和联系或连接起来 link up 连接；结合 link up with. 与联合；使与衔接 (2)a link between A a
16、nd B A 与 B 之间的联系 即学即练 单句语法填空 The new tunnel links Britain to/with France. The two spacecraft will link up with each other in orbit. The country is linked (link) to the town by a new bridge. 知识要点5 decrease n减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减 少；减小；降低 (教材 P3) Through Snows tireless efforts，water companies be
17、gan to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 在斯诺的不懈努力下，自来水公司开始出售干净的水，在世界范围内霍乱的 威胁大幅减少。 例 1 The decrease in sales was almost 20 percent. 销售量差不多减少了 20%。 例 2 His interest in this subject gradually decreases.他对这个科目的兴趣逐 渐在减退。 翻译 自从立法之后污染已经大大减少。 There has
18、been a sharp decrease in pollution since the law was introduced. 知识拓展 (1)on the decrease 在减少中 a decrease in. 在方面减少 (2)decrease to. 减少到 decrease by. 减少了 decrease from.to. 从减少到 即学即练 单句语法填空 There is a decrease of nearly 7% in the number of visitors to the museum. The accidents have decreased by 20% sin
19、ce the measure has been taken. Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is on the decrease. 名师点津 decrease 的反义词 increase 的用法 increase to 增加(长)到 increase by 增加(长)了 on the increase 在增加 知识要点6 thanks to 幸亏；由于 (教材 P3) Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of
20、John Snow. 幸运的是，由于约翰 斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。 例 1 Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。 例 2 Thanks to his effort，it is more successful than we have expected. 由于他的努力，(这件事)获得了比我们预期更大的成功。 翻译 由于你的帮助我们成功了。 Thanks to your help，we we
21、re successful. 知识拓展 because of 因为；由于 as a result of 作为的结果；由于 due to 因为；由于 owing to 由于；因为的缘故 即学即练 单句语法填空 As a result of the bad weather，the football match was put off. The accident was due to his careless driving. Owing to your timely help，we finished the work ahead of time. 知识要点7 transform vt.使改观；使改
22、变形态 vi.改变；转变 (教材 P3) Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. 此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 例 1 He seems to have been miraculously transformed into a first- class player. 他似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。 例 2 Things cannot be transformed overnight. 事情不可能在一夜之间改变。 翻
23、译 蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。 A steam engine transforms heat into power 知识拓展 (1)transform A into B 把 A 变成 B transform sth. from A to B 使从 A 变成 B (2)transformation n. 改变；改革 即学即练 单句语法填空 We must work hard so as to transform China into an advanced industrial country. A complete change of climate transformed the area f
24、rom farmland to a desert. We are living in a time of social transformation (transform) Sentence Patterns 重点句式1 “特殊疑问词不定式” ”结构 (教材 P2) As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera 作为一名年轻的医生，约翰 斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治 疗霍乱。 句式分析：句中 how to prevent or tr
25、eat cholera 为“特殊疑问词不定式”结 构，作动词 knew 的宾语。 例 1 No one knew how to treat this dreaded disease. 没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。 例 2 I dont quite know what to say in answer to your question. 我不太清楚如何回答你的问题。 翻译 想一想不同种类的交通工具的费用并决定怎么到那里。 Think about the fare for different kinds of transport and decide how to get there 知识拓展
26、 (1)常见的特殊疑问词： 疑问代词 who， what， which 等和疑问副词 how， when， where 等。 (2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、 同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。 (3)通常用在 tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss 等动词 后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时， 不定式通常用主动 形式。 即学即练 句型转换 The teacher taught the students how they should do the experiment. T
27、he teacher taught the students how to do the experiment The problem is where to put this computer. The problem is where we should put this computer I have no idea what I can say about this. I have no idea what to say about this When we will start has not been decided. When to start has not been deci
28、ded. 重点句式2 so.that.引导结果状语从句 (教材 P2) He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10 天内就有 500 多人 死亡。 句式分析：句中 so.that.意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从 句。 例 1 He was so foolish that he accepted her invitation. 他接受她的邀
29、请真是太傻了。 例 2 They walked so fast that I could not keep up with them. 他们走得那么快，我没法跟上他们。 翻译 这些大象是如此的聪明，它们可以回答一些数学问题。 The elephants were so clever that they were able to answer some math questions. 知识拓展 (1)so adj.或adv. adj.a（n）单数可数名词 many/few复数可数名词 much/little（少的）不可数名词 that. (2)such a（n）adj.单数可数名词 adj.不可
30、数名词 adj.复数名词 that. 即学即练 完成句子/句型转换 It is so good a film that Id like to see it a second time. 这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。 She works so hard that we all respect her. 她工作这么努力，我们都很敬佩她。 She is so lovely a girl that we all like her. She is such a lovely girl that we all like her. It is such a heavy box that I cant
31、 lift it. It is so heavy a box that I cant lift it. 名师点津 (1)little 表示“少”时用 so 修饰，但表示“小”时用 such 修饰。 There was so little time left that we must hurry. 时间不多了，我们要快一点。 They are such little children that they cant understand it. 他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。 (2)在“so.that.”和“such.that.”结构中，当“so/such.”置于句首时，其所在 的句子要用部
32、分倒装。 So hot a day was it that they all went swimming.Such a hot day was it that they all went swimming.天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。 1 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. 分析 本句为复合句，until 引导时间状语从句，其中 how it could be overc
33、ome 为 how 引导的宾语从句。 译文 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一， 直到英国医生约翰 斯诺展示 了如何战胜它。 2He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 分析 本句为复合句，动词 discovered 后是 that 引导的宾语从句，其中 so.that.引导结果状语从句。 译文 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10 天内就有 500 多人死亡。 教材 高考 1.
34、There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16，37，38，and 40) (2019 北京卷)In a world that warms up by 3，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. 2.Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
35、(2019 浙江卷)However，when she hung up ， she regretted the way she had handled the call. 3.Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. (2019天 津 卷 )Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more s
36、table over the long term. 4.Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow. (2019 浙江卷)Thanks to the Beatles，a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. 5.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study disease
37、s. (2019 全国卷)Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent， according to statistics from the report. .单句语法填空 1Ade and Brooks exchanged blows yesterday and they were severely (severe) punished today. 2Many companies have subscribed (subscribe) generously to the football club so far. 3O
38、nly a third of these households (household) thought it reasonable to meter water. 4I think he suspected us of some improper purpose. 5This information confirms me in the belief that he is to blame (blame) 6There are thirty microscopes (microscope) in our chemical laboratory. 7They have gathered the
39、best statistics (statistic) they can find and run them through their own computers. 8The news is so important that I must tell it to my friends. 9A cheap table can be transformed (transform) by an interesting cover. 10You should know when to stop (stop) asking questions. .短语填空 take the blame for；tha
40、nks to；once and for all；on the decrease；subscribe to； link up 1Thanks to the spread of modern technology，trained workers are now more vital than ever. 2The demand for tea is on the decrease each year. 3The two families linked up through the marriage of their daughter and son. 4It is not a theory tha
41、t is commonly subscribed to 5Lets get this problem right once and for all 6The company was ready to take the blame for what had happened. .课文语法填空 Cholera used to be one of the most feared 1.diseases (disease) in the world.When young，John Snow became 2.frustrated (frustrate) because no one knew how t
42、o prevent or treat cholera.He desired 3.to destroy (destroy) cholera once and for all.He thought cholera was caused by an 4.infection (infect) from germs in food or water.Consequently， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854， Snow began to investigate by 5.marking (mark) on a map the exact pl
43、aces where all those 6.who died had lived.At last， John Snow found that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Through Snows tireless efforts，the threat of cholera around the world saw 7.a substantial decrease.However，cholera is still a problem.Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks 8.to the work of John Snow.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow 9.transformed (transform) the way scientists study diseases.For this reason，Snow 10.is considered (consider) the father of modern epidemiology.
