1、选择性必修三选择性必修三 U3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Earth provides enough to satisfy every man s needs,but not every mans greed. -Mohandas K Gandhi 地球能满足每个人的需求，但不能满足每个人的贪婪。 -莫罕达斯甘地 CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLDS ATTENTION 气候变化需要全世界的关注气候变化需要全世界的关注 We have known about climate change for decades. There is lit
2、tle doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. 我们几十年前就知道气候变化了。毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。 海洋和大气的变暖以及冰川融化和海平面上升为全球气候的急剧变化提供了证据。 In 2013, a lot of peo
3、ple were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norways Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was skin and bones. An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of
4、its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an imp
5、act on Earths ecology. 2013 年， 一张在挪威北极地区的斯瓦尔巴群岛上发现了一只北极熊尸体的新闻照片 让很多人震惊。根据发现这只北极熊尸体的科学家的说法，这只北极熊只剩下“皮包骨 头”了。一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从它尸体的位置看，这只熊似乎是饿死的。专 家称，由于气候变化造成的海冰水位较低，这只熊无法像以前那样捕猎海豹，所以他 为了找到食物不得不去更远的地方。这一令人震惊的案例表明气温升高对地球生态产 生了怎样的影响。 Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperatu
6、re? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the greenhouse effect, which has two common meanings: thenatural greenhouse effect and the man-made greenhouse effect. The natural greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earths surf
7、ace as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earths climate warm and habitable. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the man-mad
8、e greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earths surface temperature to rise quickly. 那么是什么正在导致全球表面平均温度的上升呢？气候科学家经常提到一个被称 为“温室效应”的关键气候过程，它有两个普遍的含义：“自然”
9、温室效应和“人为”温室效 应。“自然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量进入大气层，并以短波辐射的形式使地球 表面升温。热量以更长的波长释放回太空。大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳， 会吸收一些热量，使地球气候保持温暖和适宜居住。没有这个过程，地球就无法维持 生命。然而，“人为”温室效应现在已经成为一个大问题。当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产 生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热量被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。 There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase
10、in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay . In fact, news reports are
11、frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses. 有力且全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加， 不仅造成严重的破坏，而且还致人丧命。气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的 行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会继续下去，并将使我们付出更高的代价。事实上，新闻 报道经常播送造成死亡和经济损失的极端暴雨和热浪。 Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming
12、and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our carbon footprint by restricting
13、 the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. So what will you do to help? 持续的温室气体排放将导致全
14、球气候进一步变暖和长期的变化。这需要全世界人 民的关注。各国政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体排放。 作为个人，我们也可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳的量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。 我们有责任抓住每一个机会，让每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响，因为这是影响 我们这个星球上所有人的最严重的问题，那么你会怎么做呢？ REDUCING WATER POLLUTION IN THE LI RIVER 减少漓江水污染减少漓江水污染 The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the mos
15、t well-known tourist destinations in Chinas Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It attracts millions of domestic and foreign visitors each year. However, its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects on the rivers water quality. This report looks at the problem of water pollution and so
16、me actions that have been taken to deal with it. 美丽的漓江及其周边迷人的风景是中国广西壮族自治区最著名的旅游目的地之一， 它每年吸引数以百万计的国内外游客。然而，它作为首选旅游目的地的声誉对河流的 水质却产生了负面影响。这份报告就着眼于水污染问题以及为解决这一问题而采取的 一些行动。 Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw
17、garbage into the river. Many tour boats contributed to the problem too. Kitchens on board were using lots of oil, which was often thrown into the water. The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly, as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises. Water pollution
18、 levels increased. with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river. In order to feed more people, more chemicals were used to increase crop production. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number of fish species. Local officials were concerned
19、 that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the rivers original beauty. 以往，漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，很多游客频繁地将垃圾扔进江 中。许多游船也造成了这个问题。船上的厨房使用大量的油，这些油经常被倒入水中。 旅游业的发展也意味着当地人口迅速增长，以及商业和工业企业的数量增加。水污染 等级上升，更多的家庭和商业废弃物最终流入河中。为了养活更多的人，人们使用了 更多的化学物质来增
20、加农作物产量，这些化学物质导致了严重的水质问题，导致鱼类 物种数量减少。当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境，并认为应采取紧急措施来恢复 河流的原貌。 A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that addressed the issues. The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation.The collection and transport o
21、f household waste was also improved. Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved. The local government set up strict regulations regarding further industrial development. New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods. Furthermore, the local authoriti
22、es began to use the media to spread environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy. At the same time, they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses. With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved fo
23、r generations to come. 一项全面的倡议也已发动，并采取了一些措施来解决这些问题。污水处理设施的建 设改善了水质，提高了节约用水水平；生活垃圾的收集和运输也得到了改善；许多污 染企业被关闭或搬迁；当地政府制定了关于进一步发展工业的严格章程；游船路线和 垃圾处理方法也有了新的规定。此外，地方当局开始利用媒体宣传环保意识，鼓励更 多地使用清洁能源。与此同时，他们开始定期进行检查，并对滥用职权的旅游组织进 行罚款。有了这些措施，人们相信漓江的美景将世代留存下去。 In addition , the ambitious Water Ten Plan is also now tack
24、ling water pollution across the country. Other initiatives, such as the River Chief System, hold senior officials responsible for reducing water pollution. With such campaigns in effect, Chinas waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future. 另外“水十条”的宏伟规划也是为了治理整个国家的水污染问题。例如“河长制”这样 的举措，还将减少水污染作为高级官员的责任，随着这些行动的生效，中国的水资源 正朝着洁净的、可持续发展的未来迈进。
