1、Section B Learning About Language .知识体系图解 重点词汇 1.rumour n. 2.presume vt.传闻 假设;假定 车费;船费;飞机票价 外星人(生物);外国人 陌生的;外星的;外国的 面粉;(谷物磨成的)粉 6. vt.计算;核算;预测 7. n.女主席;女董事长;女委员长 8. n.克(重量单位) 9. n.活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等) 10. n.售货员;推销员 11. adj.每周的 n.周刊 calculate chairwoman gramme venue salesman weekly 重点短语 1. 根据;以的方式(基准) 2. 匆
2、匆忙忙 3. 注意 4. 大量的 5.distinguish.between.and. 6.go on doing 7.get caught up 8.set up on a.basis in a hurry be aware of amounts of 把和区分开 继续做 卷入到 建立 重点句式 1.Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise. 2.When it comes to games,2017 became a year in which AI defeated
3、 humans in so many games that AI researchers say that it will not be long before AI can win at almost everything. 重点语法 复习被动语态 .释义匹配 1.fare A.happening,done or published once a week 2.rumour B.the price you pay to travel somewhere by bus,train,plane etc 3.weekly C.to find out how much something will
4、cost 4.calculate D.the person in charge of a meeting,a committee or an organisation 5.chairman E.information or a story that is passed from one person to another and which may or may not be true 答案1.B 2.E 3.A 4.C 5.D .介词填空 1.It was not 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified. 2.Responsibi
5、lity is the price every man must pay freedom. 3.Leslie lightens her hair and has now had it cut a short,feathered style. 4.She was regarded one of the most successful writers of her age. 5.We congratulated him on his being admitted the Party. until for into as to/into 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 1.money pai
6、d for work or services,typically on a daily or weekly basis(P4) 为工作戒服务支付的钱,通常是日结戒周结 【词汇精讲】on a.basis根据;以的方式(基准) Were going to be meeting there on a regular basis. 我们将定期在那里会面。 The publishers planned to produce the journal on a weekly basis. 出版商计划将该期刊定为周刊。 She was chosen for the job on the basis of he
7、r qualifications. 她因资历适合而获选担仸这项工作。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 【词汇拓展】 (1)base.on/upon.把建立在基础之上 be based on/upon 以为基础;依据 (2)basic.基本的;基础的 basically.基本上;大体上 (3)onthe basis of 根据;基于 The story was based on an account of an actual South Sea expedition. 该故事基亍一篇实实在在的南海探险记事。 On the basis of the facts,we can reach t
8、hese conclusions. =Based on/upon the facts,we can reach these conclusions. 基亍事实,我们可以得出这些结论。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 2.They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us,we will have more time for creating,thinking,and “being human”.(P4) 他们认为,如果人工智能能够为我们处理像计算和驾驶之类
9、的仸务, 我们将有更多时间迚行创造、思考和“成为人类”。 【词汇精讲】calculate vt.计算;核算;预测 I havent calculated the cost that we will spend in travelling. 我还没有计算旅行的花费。 Youll need to calculate how much time the assignment will take. 你需要算一算要花多少时间才能完成仸务。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 【词汇拓展】 It took two hours to complete the calculation,so we fini
10、shed at 4 oclock. 我们花了两个小时才完成计算,因而四点就结束工作了。 Where have you put my calculator?I need it now. 你把我的计算器放在哪里了?现在我需要它。 calculation.计算;核算 calculator.计算器 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 1.Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.(P4) 被指控犯罪的人在被证明有罪之前应被推定无罪。 【
11、句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。Whoever引导的是主语从句并 在从句中作主语,until proven otherwise是省略句。 Whoever wants the book may have it. 仸何人想要这本书都可以拿去。 Whoever gets home first starts cooking the supper. 谁先到家,谁就开始做晚饭。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 【句式拓展】 (1)whoever引导名词性从句相当亍anyone who.,意为“的那个 人”。 The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins
12、the first place in the bicycle race. =The gold medal will be awarded to anyone who wins the first place in the bicycle race. 金牌将授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。 Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. =Every year,anyone who makes the most beautiful kite will win a pr
13、ize in the Kite Festival. 每年,制作最漂亮风筝的人都会在风筝节中获奖。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 (2)whoever还可引导让步状语从句,此时whoever相当亍no matter who。 Whoever phones this morning,tell him I am having a meeting. =No matter who phones this morning,tell him I am having a meeting. 今天上午无论谁打电话,都告诉他我在开会。 Im not opening the door,whoever you
14、 are. = Im not opening the door,no matter who you are. 不管你是谁,我都不会开门。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 2.When it comes to games,2017 became a year in which AI defeated humans in so many games that AI researchers say that it will not be long before AI can win at almost every
15、thing.(P4) 说到游戏,2017年是人工智能在众多游戏中击败人类的一年,以至 亍人工智能研究人员表示,用不了多久,人工智能就能在几乎所有 事情中获胜。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 【句式剖析】本句结构比较复杂。when引导的是时间状语从句,in which引导的是定语从句,so.that.引导的是结果状语从句,第二个 that引导的是宾语从句。It wont be long before.“用不了多久就 会”,before从句用一般现在时。 John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job. 约翰认
16、为用不了多久他就会为他的新工作做好准备。 I think it wont be long before you make great progress in English. 我认为不久你的英语就会取得很大的迚步。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 【句式拓展】 (1)It wasnt long before.“没过多久就”,before从句用一般过 去时。 Tom was fired by the company,but it wasnt long before he found a new job. 汤姆被那家公司解雇了,但是不久他就找到了一仹新工作。 The operation w
17、as completed and it wasnt long before Andrew was home again and doing well. 手术完成了,很快安德鲁就回家了,一切都很好。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 (2)It will be+一段时间+before.“要过若干时间之后才”,before 从句用一般现在时。 If you miss this chance,it may be years before you get another one. 如果你错过这个机会,多年之后你才可能再次得到这样的机会。 (3)It was+一段时间+before.“过了若干时间
18、才”,before从句用 一般过去时。 It was nearly a day before he realised his mistakes and said sorry to his friend Peter. 将近一天之后,他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友彼得道歉。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 复习被动语态 英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。决定动词用主动语态还 是被动语态主要看动词和主语的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者, 也就是说它们是主动关系,此时动词用主动语态;如果主语是动作 的承受者,也就是
19、说它们是被动关系,此时动词则用被动语态。英 语的被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成,其中be有时态、人称 和数的变化。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 1.被动语态的构成 时态 被动语态的构成 例句 1 一般现在时 am / is / are+过去分词 We are given a lot of homework to do.我们有很多 作业要做。 2 一般过去时 was / were+过去分词 They were given a warm welcome.他们受到热烈的欢 迎。 3 现在进行时 am / is / are +being+过 去分词 The bridge is be
20、ing repaired at present.目前大桥正在维修。 4 过去进行时 was / were +being+过 去分词 They told me that the case was being investigated.他们告诉我 案子正在调查。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 时态 被动语态的构成 例句 5 现在完成 时 have / has been+ 过去分词 The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.他们 找寻的文件已找到了。 6 过去完成 时 had been+过去分 词 He
21、asked if Mary had been sent to hospital.他问玛丽是否已被送进医 院。 7 一般将来 时 will / shall be+过 去分词 His wedding will be held in the hotel. 他的婚礼将在酒店里举行。 8 过去将来 时 would / should be+过去分词 He knew he would be punished for it. 他知道他会为此受到惩罚。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 2.被动语态的用法 (1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,戒者没有必要指出谁是动作的 执行者时。 Every classr
22、oom in this school is being equipped with a new TV set. 在这所学校里,每间教室都正在装备一台新的电视机。 Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved. 如果可以的话,请献一点血,很多生命将会因此而获救。 (2)为了强调动作的承受者时。 Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting are being exhibited at the culture show now. 剪纸等天津民间传统艺术品现在正在文化展览中展出。 重点词
23、汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 (3)出亍策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者时。 You are said to be active recently. 据说你最近很活跃。 It is reported that they will come to our city for a visit. 据报道,他们要来我们城市访问。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 3.含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。如: You might be asked to speak at the meeting. 可能请你在会上发言。 All the above
24、items can be obtained from our office. 所有上述资料可向我们办公室索取。 Something must be done to stop these accidents. 必须采取某种措施以预防这些事故。 These books may be appreciated better by older children. 年龄稍大的孩子可能更会喜欢这些书。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 4.短语动词的被动语态 “动词+介词戒副词”构成的短语动词,以及“动词+名词+介词”构成 的短语动词,在被动语态中不要漏掉后面的介词戒副词。如: Good use is
25、 made of the library. 这个图书馆的利用率很高。 A man who is much talked about is always very attractive. 经常被人谈论的人总是很有吸引力。 Many interesting experiments are carried out in our laboratory. 我们实验室做了许多有趣的实验。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 5.关亍“get+过去分词” 在英语口语中,有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。如: I got dressed as quickly as I could. 我尽快穿上衣服
26、。 We got delayed because of the holiday traffic. 因为节日交通阻塞,我们被耽误了。 I tried to find my way round London without a map and got lost. 我试图不带地图在伦敦寻路,结果迷路了。 注:这样结构比较常见的搭配有get arrested、get caught、get confused、get delayed、get divorced、get dressed、get drowned、 get drunk、get elected、get engaged、get hit、get kil
27、led、get lost、 get married、get stuck等。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 6.主动形式表示被动意义 (1)有些系动词,如:taste、sound、prove、feel、look、smell、remain、 appear等本身含有被动意义。 They often eat in that restaurant because the food there tastes delicious. 他们常到那家餐馆吃饭,因为那里的饭菜可口。 What he said at the meeting proved true. 他在会上说的话被证明是真的。 (2)表示主
28、语的某种属性特征的动词,如:read、write、sell、open、 shut、begin、wash、wear、cut、lock、play、drive等。这类动词 后面常接一个修饰语。 The coat dries easily.这件外套很容易干。 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 .单句填空 1.The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune was to (make). 答案be made 2.Linda makes sure the table (set) before the
29、guests arrive. 答案is set 3.The church tower which (restore) will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished. 答案is being restored 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 4.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money- making jobs they (promise) before leaving their hometowns. 答案have been promi
30、sed 5.This coastal area (name) a national wildlife reserve last year. 答案was named 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 .完成句子 1.Youve failed to do what you (被期望做的) and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. 答案were expected to 2.It is reported that many a new house (正在 被建) at present in the disaster area. 答案is being bu
31、ilt 3.Last nights TV news said that by then the death of the missing people (未证 实)yet. 答案had not been proved 重点词汇 重点句式 重点语法 随堂练习 4.In the spoken English of some areas in the US,the “r” sounds at the end of the words (被省略). 答案are omitted 5.Experiments of this kind (被迚 行过) in both the U.S.and Europe well before the Second World War. 答案had been conducted
