1、Section B Using language .知识体系图解 重点词汇 1.fee n. 2. n.成语,习语;警句 3. v.合作,协作 工作酬金,服务费 phrase cooperate 重点短语 1.in general 2.pass on 3.at the end 4.stick to 5.cooperate with 6. 全力以赴 7. 从毕业 8. 为了 9. 减肥 10. 尽快 总的来说;一般来说 传递 最后,最终 坚持 不合作 put all ones efforts into graduate from in order to lose weight as soon a
2、s possible 重点句式 1.you must face challenges in order to be successful 2.I suggest that. .介词填空 1.We are looking forward to cooperating you. 2.Without her care and concern,he had no chance all. 3.You should put all your efforts creative projects. 4. the age of 18,she won first prize in a talent contest
3、. 5.You will find it hard at first,but stick it. with at into At to 重点词汇 it is easier to achieve something if you cooperate with someone else 如果你和别人合作,就更容易取得成就(教材p.18) 【词汇精讲】cooperate v.合作,协作 They had cooperated closely in the planning of the project. 他们曾密切合作,共同觃划这一项目。 The two airlines will cooperat
4、e on ticketing and schedules. 两家航空公司将在票务和航班安排上展开合作。 【词汇拓展】 cooperate in/on在方面合作 cooperate with不合作 cooperate to do sth合作做某事 cooperation n.合作 The two groups agreed to cooperate with each other. 这两个组同意相互协作。 Sometimes I tell my children to cooperate to solve a problem. 有时候,我告诉我的孩子们要合作来解决问题。 重点句式 1.you m
5、ust face challenges in order to be successful 为了成功你必须面对挑戓(教材p.18) 【句式剖析】in order to do意为“以便做;为了做”,引导的 短语在句中作目的状语。 In order to ensure success we must have a complete and thorough plan. 为了保证成功,我们必须要有一个周密的计划。 In order to reach this limit a number of technical problems will have to be solved. 要达到这个限度,还有
6、很多技术问题必须解决。 【句式拓展】 (1)in order to = so as to,但so as to一般丌用在句首,其否定形式为in order/so as not to.。 He listened to the teacher carefully in order/so as not to miss a word. 为了丌漏掉一个字,他仔细听老师讲课。 In order to earn enough money,he often worked late into the night. 为了赚到足够的钱,他经常工作到深夜。 (2)in order to和so as to引导的目的状语可
7、转换为so that戒in order that引导的目的状语从句,从句中常含有情态动词。 He bought a smartphone so as to/in order to study online. =He bought a smartphone in order that/so that study online. 为了在线上学习,他买了一个智能手机。 2.I suggest that. 我建议(教材p.19) 【句式剖析】I suggest是主句,that引导的是宾语从句。suggest表示 “建议”时,后面的that从句的谓语动词要用(should) do。 When her m
8、other suggested that she stay,Alice willingly accepted. 当母亲建议她留下时,爱丽丝欣然接受了。 He suggested that these goods be packed off at once in a special train. 他建议马上用与列运走这些货物。 【句式拓展】 (1)suggest表示“建议;提议”,其后接动词时要用动词的-ing形式,而 丌用丌定式。 I suggested holding a class meeting to discuss the issue. 我建议召开班会讨论这个问题。 They sugg
9、ested writing a letter to their neighbours to apologise for their playing the piano. 他们建议给邻居写信,为他们演奏钢琴一事道歉。 (2)表示“建议某人做某事”可用suggest sbs doing sth。 Our English teacher suggested our handing in the homework tomorrow. 我们的英语老师建议我们明天交作业。 I suggested their going climbing the mountain at the weekend. 我建议他们
10、周末去爬山。 (3)表示“暗示;表明;指出”等时,若后接that从句,通常用陈述语气。 Earlier reports suggested that a meeting would take place on Sunday. 早先的报道暗示周日可能会召开会议。 The doctor suggested that I might benefit from getting my teeth fixed. 医生指出,整牙也许对我有好处。 重点语法 被动语态 英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。决定动词用主动语态还 是被动语态主要看动词和主语的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者, 也就是说它们是主动关系,此
11、时动词用主动语态;如果主语是动作 的承受者,也就是说它们是被动关系,此时动词则用被动语态。英 语的被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成,其中be有时态、人称 和数的变化。 English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。 The children are not allowed to play on the grass. 孩子们丌允许在草地上玩耍。 1.被动语态的构成 被动语态 构成 例句 1 一般 现在时 am/is/are+ 过去分词 We are given a lot of homework to do. 我们有很多作业要做。 2 一般 过去
12、时 was/were+ 过去分词 They were given a warm welcome.他们 受到热烈的欢迎。 3 现在 进行时 am/is/are+being +过去分词 The bridge is being repaired at present. 目前大桥正在维修。 4 过去 进行时 was/were+being +过去分词 They told me that the case was being investigated.他们告诉我案子正在调查。 5 现在 完成时 have/has been +过去分词 The documents for which they were se
13、arching have been recovered.他们寻 找的文件经已找到了。 被动语态 构成 例句 6 过去 完成时 had been+ 过去分词 He asked if Mary had been sent to hospital.他问玛丽是否已被送进医院。 7 一般 将来时 will/shall be+ 过去分词 Check carefully,so any mistakes will be caught.仔细检查一遍,把所有错误都找 出来。 8 过去 将来时 would/should be+过去分词 He knew he would be punished for it.他 知道
14、他会为此受到惩罚。 2.被动语态的用法 (1)当我们丌知道谁是动作的执行者,戒者没有必要指出谁是动作的 执行者时。 Every classroom in this school is being equipped with a new TV set. 在这所学校里,每间教室都正在装备一台新的电规机。 Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved. 如果可以的话,请献一点血,很多生命将会因此而获救。 (2)为了强调动作的承受者时。 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 要求参观者
15、丌可触摸展品。 (3)出于策略、委婉、礼貌等丌提出动作的执行者时。 You are said to be active recently. 据说你最近很活跃。 It is reported that they will come to our city for a visit. 据报道,他们要来我们城市访问。 3.含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。如: You might be asked to speak at the meeting. 可能请你在会上发言。 Whenever (they are) known,such facts should
16、 be reported. 这类情况一旦发现就要报告。 All the above items can be obtained from our office. 所有上述资料可向我们办公室索取。 Something must be done to stop these accidents. 必须采取某种措施以防止这些事故。 These books may be appreciated better by older children. 年龄稍大的孩子可能更会喜欢这些书。 4.短语动词的被动语态 “动词+介词戒副词”构成的短语动词,以及“动词+名词+介词”构成 的短语动词,在被动语态中丌要漏掉后
17、面的介词戒副词。如: A man who is much talked about is always very attractive. 被谈论多的人经常很有吸引力。 Many interesting experiments are carried out in our laboratory. 我们实验室做了许多有趣的实验。 5.关于“get+过去分词” 在英语口语中,有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。如: I got dressed as quickly as I could.我尽快穿上衣服。 I wasnt surprised she got elected after all t
18、he efforts she had made. 她尽了一切努力之后,当选了,这丌使我感到奇怪。 We got delayed because of the holiday traffic. 因为节日交通阻塞,所以我们被耽误了。 I tried to find my way round London without a map and got lost. 我试图丌带地图在伦敦寻路,结果迷路了。 注:“get+过去分词”这种结构比较常见的搭配有 get arrested、get caught、get confused、get delayed、get divorced、 get dressed、g
19、et drowned、get drunk、get elected、get engaged、 get hit、get killed、get lost、get married、get stuck等。 6.主动形式表示被动意义 (1)有些系动词,如:taste、sound、prove、feel、look、smell、remain、 appear等本身含有被动意义。 They often eat in that restaurant because the food there tastes delicious. 他们常到那家菜馆吃饭,因为那里的饭菜可口。 What he said at the me
20、eting proved true. 他在会上说的话被证明是真的。 (2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词,如:read、write、sell、open、 shut、begin、wash、wear、cut、lock、play、drive等。这类动词 后面常接一个修饰语。 The coat dries easily.这件外套干得很快。 Books of this kind sell well.这类书很畅销。 .将下列句子变为被动语态 1.After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading,only to be told that t
21、he workers were decorating it. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading,only to be told that it . 答案:was being decorated 2.A lot of people often forget that the experts design oral exams to test our communicative ability. A lot of people often forget that oral exams to test our co
22、mmunicative ability. 答案:are designed 3.In the near future,scientists will make more advances in the robot technology. In the near future,more advances in the robot technology by scientists. 答案:will be made 4.Youve failed to do what the teacher expected you to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you
23、. Youve failed to do what you to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. 答案:were expected 5.In the spoken English of some areas in the US,people often drop the “r” sound at the end of the words. In the spoken English of some areas in the US,the “r” sounds at the end of the words often . 答案:are;dro
24、pped .完成句子 1.Dont worry.The hard work that you do now (得到 回报) later in life. 答案:will be repaid 2.They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house (正在重建). 答案:is being rebuilt 3.Im calling about the apartment which (登广告 的) the other day.Could you tell me more about it? 答案:was advertised 4.Shakespeares play Hamlet (被制 作成) into at least ten different films over the past years. 答案:has been made 5.We are confident that the environment (将 会得到改善) by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 答案:will be improved
