1、Period 3 Using language 学习目标 After the class,the students are able to: 1.understand the functional meanings of modal verbs and choose appropriate modal verbs according to the context; 2.practise the exercises related to modal verbs; 3.talk about related diet problems using grammar properly; 4.raise
2、their awareness of healthy diet and develop physical quality. 课堂探究 Step 1:Lead-in Activity 1: Find out the sentences with modals in the reading passage Step 2: Activity 2: Fill in the blanks by using correct modal verbs .I hold a knife and forkand chopsticks! But there are still some dishes that Dad
3、 try even after many years of marriage to my mother. .Mum and I just find a way to get him into the kitchen! .we not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies,. “You try it if you dont want to,” Mum said,. Read the sentences in Activity 2 and answer the questions.T
4、alk about the functions of modals.Then match the meanings to the words you filled. 1.What are modal verbs? 2.What are the characteristics of modal verbs? Match the meanings to the words you filled. 1.be afraid to do something 2.not be necessary to do something 3.give advice to do or not to do someth
5、ing 4.be necessary or give strong advice to do something 5.have the ability to do something *总结归纳:几种常见情态动词的用法 Step 3: Activity 3: Learning of modal verbs 一、be able to 1.be able to 后接动词原形,表示某人有做某事的能力,与 can 的用法相近。如: I am able to speak English.我能讲英语。 2.be able to 与 can 的辨析: be able to 有多种时态,如: was/were
6、 able to,will/ shall be able to,have/has been able to 等, 而 can 只有两种时态,即 can 和 could。 be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力,而 can 则强调自身已具有的能力。如: She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。 He will be able to sing this song in English in a few hours,too. 几小时之后,他也能用英语唱这首歌。 be able to 强调一种结果,而 can 只强调一种可能。如: Luckily
7、,he was able to escape from the big fire in the end. 幸运的是,他终于逃出了大火。 If he had got here a few hours earlier,I could have saved him. 要是他早几小时来,我还能救他。 be able to的否定形式是在be后面直接加not,即be not able to;be able to可用在may/might 之后。如: The kid is not able to write. 这孩子不会写字。 But we may not be able to do this for eve
8、ry scenario. 但是我们不能每一种场景下都这么做。 即时训练:选词填空 (can/be able to) He might fix your car. When I was young,I climb any tree in the woods. In todays information age,the loss of data cause serious problems for a company. Father spent a few hours talking to him.At last he drop the silly idea. 二、have to have to
9、和 must 的意义相近,只是 must 侧重表示说话人的主观看法,而 have to 则表示客 观需要,如: I must study hard.我必须努力学习。 You have to hand in your compositions before next Monday. 你必须在下周一前上交你的作文。 have to 的否定形式是 dont have to,相当于 neednt,如: They dont have to buy a computer at present. 他们目前没有必要买电脑。 have to 有人称、数和时态的变化,如: They had to speed up
10、,for the weather turned terrible. 他们必须加快速度,因为天气变糟了。 He has to stay at home because of illness. 因为生病,他不得不待在家里。 *must 表示义务、必要性、命令等,意为“必须,应该”,更强调主观态度。 must 用于一般疑问句时,其肯定答语应用“Yes,you must.”。其否定答语应用“No,you neednt.”或“No,you dont have to.”。must 的否定式为 must not/mustnt,表示禁止。 即时训练:完成句子 I here because I have no
11、umbrella with me. 我不得不在这儿等,因为我没带伞。 You smoke here. 这儿禁止吸烟。 We hurry,for theres plenty of time. 我们不必着急,因为时间很充裕。 We home by 11 oclock. 我们必须在 11 点以前到家。 三、had better had better 后跟动词原形,表示“最好”,其否定式在 had better 后加 not。构成疑问句时, 则通常将 had (而不是 had better)置于主语之前。 即时训练:翻译句子 你最好别去打扰他。 我们最好在天黑前到达那里。 你最好在 10 点前完成你的
12、家庭作业。 医生是不是去看看他比较好? 四、dare 在否定句和疑问句中,dare 后可接带 to 或不带 to 的不定式。 即时训练 2:完成句子 He speak English at any time. 任何时候他都敢说英语。 I wonder how he say such things. 我纳闷他怎么竟敢说出这样的话来。 He answer. 他不敢回答。 How you go into the lab without your teachers permission? 未经你老师允许,你怎么敢进实验室? 2.need 作情态动词时,后跟动词原形,表示“需要,有必要”,无人称和数的变
13、化,多用于否定句、 疑问句或条件句中。 (2018 全国卷)If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports. 如果你时间不充裕,你只需要跑一半的时间就可以获得和其他运动同样的效果。 need 作为实义动词时,通常用法是: (1)人+need+to do (2)物+need+doing (3)物+need+to be done 注意对 need 问句的回答: Need I finish the work today? Yes,you must./No
14、,you neednt/No,you dont have to. neednt 对其他情态动词问句的回答: Shall I tell John about it? No,you neednt/dont have to. Must we do it now? No,you neednt/dont have to. 即时训练 3:完成句子 We get enough help. 我们需要大量的帮助。 The room needs cleaning. The room cleaned. 房间需要打扫了。 now are books. 他现在需要的是书籍。 He about it. 这件事他无须担心。
15、 Step 4: Activity 4:Conjecture of modal verbs 1.can 用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性,意为“有时会”;用于疑问句中可以表示推测,意为 “可能”,有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,cant 意为“不可能”,语气很强 烈。 2.may/might 用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测,意为“有可能”;用于否定句中 也可以表示推测,may not 意为“可能不”,表示一种不太确定的语气。 3.must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中 或否定句中要用 can/could)。 4.sho
16、uld 用来表示推测时意为“应该”,即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。 情态动词+动词原形 表示对现在或将来的推测 情态动词+be +doing 表示对某刻正在发生的动作的推测 “情态动词+have done”的用法 情态动词+have done 用法 must have done 一定做过某事,其否定形式为 cant/couldnt have done can/could have done 1.本来能够做某事却未做 2.可能做过某事 cant/couldnt have done 不可能做过某事 may/might have done 或许/可能做过某事 should/ought to h
17、ave done 本该做某事却未做,其否定形式表示本不该做某事却做了 neednt have done 做了本没有必要做的事情 即时训练 1:翻译句子 他准是个美国人。 他肯定正在教室里做练习。 他不可能知道我的地址。 昨晚一定下雨了,是不是? 即时训练 2:单句语法填空 Youd better put on a heavy coat.Sometimes it be very cold here at night. It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of
18、 words. Good morning.Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah,good morning.You be Mrs.Peters. You have hurried.I have lots of time. 即时训练 3:单项填空 She looks very happy.She have passed the exam. I guess so.Its not difficult after all. A.should B.could C.must D.might Hows yo
19、ur tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It be, but it is now heavily polluted. A.will B.would C.should D.must There be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A.mustnt B.shant C.shouldnt D.neednt You be hungry already.You had lunch onl
20、y two hours ago! A.wouldnt B.cant C.mustnt D.neednt Im sorry.I at you the other day. Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself. A.shouldnt shout B.shouldnt have shouted C.mustnt shout D.mustnt have shouted Thank you for all your hard work last night,I dont think we it without you. A.can manage B.c
21、ould have managed C.could manage D.can have managed Step 5: Activity 5: Consolidation 1.Fill in the blanks The fire spread through the hotel very quickly,but everyone get out. Since it is raining,we stay indoors. You finish your work before you go home. You worry about situations like these if you h
22、ave good social skills. I know what I can talk about with the Chinese people that I meet. 2.Finish the passage Miss Fang not read for very long with her eyes hurt.Her mother told her that she go to hospital and see a doctor.“You see a doctor as soon as possible,” her mother said. When Miss Fang had
23、free time,she went to hospital.The clerk said that the doctor see her at 3:30. Miss Fang replied that she would not be there at 3:30,because she have an important test then.She asked the clerk if she arrange the examination at about ten tomorrow. Step 6: Activity 6: Production Micro-writing: 假设你是汤姆的
24、好朋友李华,最近通过电子邮件得知他在健康方面遇到了困惑,请给他回 复电子邮件,提出一些保持健康方面的建议。 要点如下: 1.健康很重要; 2.保持均衡饮食和身心健康; 3.坚持每天锻炼的重要性。 注意:1.词数 80 左右; 2.用上所学的情态动词。 Dear Tom, Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua Step 7: Activity 7: Summary 课后练习 Review the usage of modal verbs and organize notes. 参考答案 课堂探究 Step 1: .I was able to hold a knife and fo
25、rkand chopsticks! But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother. .Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen! .wed better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies,. “You neednt try it if
26、 you dont want to,” Mum said,. Step 2: was able to dare not have to had better neednt 1.情态动词表示说话人的某种语气或情绪,如可能、意愿、猜测、义务、需要等。 2.情态动词的特征:有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,后面接动词原形;没有人称和数的变 化(have to 除外);有些情态动词有过去式, 如:cancould,maymight,willwould,daredared,have tohad to 等。 1.be afraid to do something 2.not be necessary to
27、do something 3.give advice to do or not to do something 4.be necessary or give strong advice to do something 5.have the ability to do something Step 3: 一、be able to could can was able to 二、have to wait mustnt dont have to must be 三、Youd better not disturb him. We had better get there before it gets
28、dark. Youd better finish your homework before 10 oclock. Hadnt the doctor better see him? 四、即时训练 1 dare not dare dare 即时训练 2 dares to dares (to) does not dare (to) dare 即时训练 3 need to needs to be What he needs neednt worry Step 4: 即时训练 1 He must be an American. He must be doing his exercises in the
29、classroom. He cant know my address. It must have rained last night,didnt it? 即时训练 2 can couldnt must neednt have 即时训练 3 :CCCBBB Step 5: 1.was able to have to had better neednt need to 2.Miss Fang could not read for very long with her eyes hurt.Her mother told her that she should go to hospital and s
30、ee a doctor.“You had better see a doctor as soon as possible,” her mother said. When Miss Fang had free time,she went to hospital.The clerk said that the doctor could see her at 3:30. Miss Fang replied that she would not be able to be there at 3:30,because she had to have an important test then.She
31、asked the clerk if she could arrange the examination at about ten tomorrow. Step 6: Dear Tom, Im sorry to hear that you have trouble in keeping healthy.Everyone shouldnt ignore health,whether he is poor or wealthy.Health is the most important thing. Firstly,I think its necessary that we should keep
32、a balanced diet,so wed better eat some fresh fruit and vegetables every day.As a senior high student,we should have breakfast on time every day and shouldnt eat more at night.At the same time,keeping a good state of mind is also very important.We should keep an optimistic mind to everything and forg
33、et the unhappy things. Whats more,we should take exercise every day to make sure that we are energetic.Only in these ways can we live a healthy and happy life.In a word,keeping healthy eating habits is beneficial to us. Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua Step 7: What have we learnt this class?Lets have a su
34、mmary. 情态动词表推测 1.情态动词+动词原形 表示对现在或将来的推测 2.情态动词+be+doing 表示对某刻正在发生的动作的推测 3.情态动词+have+done 表示对过去的推测,如下所示: 1)must have done 过去肯定做了 2)may/might have done 过去可能做了(小于 must) 3)cant/couldnt have done 过去不可能做了 4)could have done 过去本来可以做却未做 5)should/ought to have done 本应该做却未做 6)neednt have done 本不必做却做了(与 didnt need to 区别)
