1、Unit 6 Earth firstUsing language行业PPT模板http:/hangye/1.devotedevoted adj.忠诚的;深爱的;全心全意的devotion n.深爱，热爱，奉献devote ones life/energy/time/money/attention to(doing)sth.把某人的生命/精力/时间/金钱/注意力用于(做)某事devote oneself to(doing)sth.=sb.+be devoted to(doing)sth.致力于(做)某事,献身于(做)某事devote himself entirely to science 把他自
2、己完全献给科学事业devote your attention to your work 专心于你的工作devote most of his time to his painting大部分时间用于他的绘画练习：She _(devote)to the cause of peace all her life.was devoted 行业PPT模板http:/hangye/2.presentationpresent v.呈现;授予n.礼物;目前make/give a short presentation 作一个简短介绍the presentation of evidence 证据的提交the pres
3、entation of prizes 奖品的颁发练习：I was asked to give a short _(present)on the aims of the plan.presentation行业PPT模板http:/hangye/3.establishestablish relations/links/contact(with sb.)(与某人)建立联系establish a city/an empire 建立一座城市/帝国establish an agency 成立一个代理处establish funds 设立基金establish whether/if.确定是否establis
4、h how.确定如何to establish练习：Our goal is _(establish)a new research centre in the north.行业PPT模板http:/hangye/4.damageprevent serious property damage 防止严重的财产损失damage ones property/reputation 损害某人的财产名誉emotionally damaged children 感情上受伤害的孩子damage to ones reputation 对某人名誉的损害do/cause damage to 对造成损害pay for th
5、e damage 赔偿损失damage from由起的损失brain/liver damage脑损伤/肝损伤damage ones health 损害某人的健康can be easily damaged 容易损坏练习：The earthquake caused serious damage _ the house.to行业PPT模板http:/hangye/5.floodflood water 洪水cause floods 引发水灾flood damage 洪涝灾害flood warnings水灾警告to be floodeda flood of 大量的a flood of complaint
6、s 大量投诉be in flood(河水)上涨,泛滥in foods of tears 泪如雨下练习：Adults understand what it feels like _(flood)with objects.行业PPT模板http:/hangye/6.reducereduction n.减少;缩小be reduced to.沦落为;被迫(to为介词)reduce sb.to tears/silence 使某人流泪/沉默reduce from+起点 从降低/减少reduce to+终点 减少到reduce by+程度 减少了to练习：It was foggy so the driver
7、 had to reduce speed _ forty kilometres an hour.行业PPT模板http:/hangye/7.severeseverely adv.很严重地;极为恶地lace severe economic problems 面临严重的经济问题severe weather conditions 恶劣的天气情况cause severe damage 造成严重的破坏severe injuries 严重的伤势a severe winter 严冬severely练习：Anyone breaking the law will be _(severe)punished.行业P
8、PT模板http:/hangye/8.infectioninfect v.传染;使感染suffer from an infection 患上感染/传染病virus infection 病毒感染have an infection受感染get/develop an infection 受感染treat an infection 治疗感染infections练习：Ear _(infect)are common in preschool children.fight an infection 抵御传染spread an infection 传播传染病the source of an infection
9、 传染源an ear/a throat infection 耳部/喉部感染行业PPT模板http:/hangye/9.infectionlecture sb.about/on sth.因某事指责/训斥某人lecture sb.about doing sth.因做某事指责/训斥某人a lecture on/about sth.关于的讲课/训斥give a lecture(to sb.)(给某人)讲课/演讲lecture on sth,讲授某方面的课程attend a lecture 出席讲座in the lecture hall在演讲厅练习：She lectures _ Russian lite
10、rature.onDiscuss in groups and complete Activity 1 in page 65.Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.Suggested answers:1.In sentence(a),a woman is swimming at night.2.In sentence(b),people are frightened of sharks.3.In sentence(a),a woman is swimming.In other words,t
11、he woman does the action of swimming.So the author uses-ing.But in sentence(b),people are frightened.So the author uses-ed.Sentences from the passage:People just wanted them killed.(want+宾语+v.-ed作宾补)Benchley saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him.(see+宾语+v.-ing的被动形式作宾补)Fill in
12、the blanks.1.Some fishermen are found _(hunt)sharks for their fins.2.Few people are not _(scare)of sharks.3.Fortunately,many nature reserves have been established,_ with peoples attitudes towards wildlife(change).4.Last summer,droughts and floods made our environment _(damage),_(cause)severe infecti
13、ons in some areas.5.Too much smog and fog _(contain)carbon dioxide are released,thus _(lead)to global warming.huntingscaredchangeddamagedcausingcontainingleading现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语（一）概述宾语可以分为三种类型:单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语。make这个动词可以接这三种宾语。1.She made a toy.她做了一个玩具。2.She made Tom a toy.她给汤姆做了一个玩具。3.She
14、made Tom a good boy.她使汤姆成为一个好孩子。句1中made是“制作”,接单宾语。句2中made也是“制作”,接双宾语,其中Tom是间接宾语,a toy是直接宾语。可以转换为:She made a toy for Tom.句3中made为“使役动词”,意思是“使,让”。Tom是宾语,a good boy是宾语补足语,补充说明宾语Tom是什么或怎么样的。如果没有这个补足语,宾语的意思就不完整。宾语补足语是补充说明宾语的。具体地说,有些动词除了带有宾语外,还需要另外一个成分来说明宾语的情况，以弥补意义上的不足,让宾语的意义完整。这种起补充说明作用的词语或短语就叫做宾语补足语。能作
15、宾语补足语的,可以是名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、动词不定式现在分词和过去分词等。无论何种成分作宾补，必须同时具备以下三个条件:1.宾语是补足语的逻辑主语,宾补对宾语起补充说明的作用。2.在一个完整的句子中,宾补是不可缺少的,省掉后句意就不完整。3.判断某个成分是不是宾补，这跟谓语动词的性质有关。宾补是动词作用于宾语的结果。大致可分为两类宾补是动词作用于宾语的结果。大致可分为两类:1.动词具有动词具有“使使”“”“令令”“”“导致导致”宾语做某事的作用，即谓语动词使宾语怎宾语做某事的作用，即谓语动词使宾语怎么样、成为什么或变成什么么样、成为什么或变成什么(例如例如:make类类,tell类类,
16、cause类类)。2.动词具有感官的性能动词具有感官的性能,对宾语的动作或状态具有感知作用对宾语的动作或状态具有感知作用(see,hear,find类类)。We call the girl Amy.(the girl为宾语，名词Amy为宾语补足语)我们叫这个女孩艾米。We all find Josie kind.(Josie为宾语,形容词kind为宾语补足语)我们都认为乔茜善良。Dont force such a little girl to learn.(such a little boy为宾语,动词不定式to learn 为宾语补足语)不要逼着这么小的女孩学习。We saw the man
17、 entering the room.(the man为宾语,现在分词短语entering the room为宾语补足语)我们看见那个人进了房间。She tried to make herself understood.(herself为宾语,过去分词understood为宾语补足语)她设法让别人理解她的意思。When she woke up,she found herself in the hospital.(herself为宾语,介词短语in the hospital为宾语补足语)她醒来时发现自己在医院里。When we arrived at his house,we found Mr.S
18、mith out.(Mr.Smith为宾语副词out 为宾语补足语)当我们到达他家时,我们发现史密斯先生外出了。友情提示：句子由主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主语补足语。She was last seen playing near the river.有人最后一次看见她在河附近玩。Tom was considered to have stolen the money人们认为汤姆偷了那笔钱。The door was pushed open.门被推开了。She was caught cheating in the exam.他被抓住考试作弊。John was made the monito
19、r.约翰被选为班长。（二）现在分词作宾语补足语现在分词除了作状语、定语和表语外,还可以作宾语补足语,说明宾语怎么样或正在进行的动作。现在分词作宾语补足语分为两种情况:一种是形容词性质的现在分词作宾语补足语;一种是动作性质的现在分词作宾语补足语。1.形容词性质的现在分词作宾补表示“观点”的这一类动词如think,consider,believe,find,feel等,都可以接这类复合宾语。We think the report very encouraging.我们认为这个报告非常鼓舞人。I considered the book rather boring.我认为这本书相当枯燥。They al
20、l feel the result of the game disappointing.他们都觉得比赛结果令人失望。We all found the child very annoying.我们都觉得这个孩子很烦人。2.动作性质的现在分词作宾补(1)感官动词see,hear,feel,smell,watch,notice,observe,discover,find,listen to,look at,catch(当场发现)等，可以接复合宾语,现在分词作宾补。友情提示：感官动词后面可跟现在分词作宾补，也可跟不带to的不定式作宾补(find和 catch除外),二者有一定的差别。现在分词表示正在进
21、行的动作,不定式表示动作的全过程或结果。Someone saw Jack watering flowers in the garden.有人看见杰克在花园里浇花。She heard someone singing next door.她听到隔壁有人在唱歌。I noticed something burning.我注意到有东西燃了起来。I heard the door bell ringing.我听见门铃在响。(听的时候门铃正在响)I heard someone knock at the door.我听见有人敲门了。(听见敲门的全过程)现在分词作感官动词的宾补时，不能使用完成式。He saw t
22、he house having burned.(误)He saw the house burning.(正)(2)使役动词have,get,set,leave,keep等,可以接复合宾语，现在分词作宾补。3.在“with+宾语+现在分词”结构中,现在分词充当了with的宾语的补足语。I cant have you wasting water like that.我不能让你那样浪费水。Dont keep your children learning all day不要让你的孩子整天都在学习。It was cold,so they left the fire burning all the nig
23、ht.天气很冷，所以他们让炉火整夜燃烧着。Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her.有这么多眼睛看着她,玛丽感到很害羞。With prices going up so fast,we cant afford luxuries.物价上涨这么快,我们买不起奢侈品。（三）过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词除了作状语、定语和表语外,还可以作宾语补足语。宾语与过去分词存在被动关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词主要有两大类:一类是感官动词,另一类是使役动词。1.感官动词see,hear,feel,notice,find
24、等可以接复合宾语,过去分词作宾补。While she was reading,she heard her name called behind.当她在读书的时候,她听见有人在背后叫她的名字。I find his English improved a lot.我发现他的英语提高很多。2.使役动词make,have,get,keep,leave等可以接复合宾语,过去分词作宾补。She went to the hospital to have his eyes examined.她去医院把眼睛检查了一下。The foreigner tried to make herself understood,b
25、ut failed.这个外国人设法使别人明白她的意思，但失败了。3.意欲动词want,like,wish,expect,would like等可以接复合宾语，过去分词作宾补。Id like the job done when I come back from the journey.当我旅行回来时,我想让这份工作(被别人)做完。The mother wants her daughter taught music in her free time.这位母亲想让她的女儿在空闲时间学音乐。上述动词也可以接不定式的被动式作宾语补足语,即在过去分词前加to be。They would like the
26、book(to be)published this year.他们想要这本书今年出版。We want this matter(to be)settled immediately.我们希望这个问题立刻被解决。（四）各种非谓语形式作宾补的区别1.现在分词作宾补和过去分词作宾补的区别现在分词作宾补,宾语是动作的执行者;过去分词作宾补,宾语是动作的承受者。I saw the dog following a man.我看见那只狗跟在一个人的身后。I saw the dog followed by a man.我看见有人在那只狗后面跟着。2.不定式现在分词、过去分词作宾补的区别不定式表示动作的全过程或结果
27、;现在分词表示主动和正在进行;过去分词表示被动和完成。I have seen Milla grow up from childhood,so I know her quite wel1.我看着米拉从小长大，因此我很了解她。Some students last saw Reed playing near an Internet bar.几个学生最后看见瑞德时他正在一家网吧附近玩耍。Id like to see a proposal put forward at once.我想看到立马有人提出建议。3.过去分词现在分词被动式作宾补的区别She heard her name called just
28、a moment ago.刚才她听见有人叫过她的名字。(called是过去分词作宾补,表示“被动和完成”)She heard her name being called from behind and stopped to look back.她听见有人在后面一直叫她的名字,就停下来向后看。(being called是现在分词的被动式作宾补，表示“被动和进行”)用所给动词的正确形式完成句子用所给动词的正确形式完成句子Last Sunday,we went to the zoo to see some wild animals.When we arrived in the early morni
29、ng,we found the gate 1._(close).So we had to wait outside.As soon as we saw the gate 2._(open),we went in immediately.How excited we were to see some animals 3._(play)with each other in the zoo!There was a huge metal cage in the centre of the zoo.As we drew near,we could see a small monkey 4._(attac
30、k)by a group of older monkeys.While I was watching,I heard my name 5._(call)from behind.I noticed a boy 6._(name)David 7._(run)towards me.He told me that he had met a foreigner and the foreigner didnt speak Chinese.So he wasnt able to make himself 8._(understand)though he tried to make some gestures
31、.When I learned that the foreigner wanted to have a picture 9._(take)by the side of a beautiful peafowl,I went and helped take a picture for him at once.closedopenedplayingbeing attackedcallednamedrunningunderstoodtakenDiscuss in groups and complete Activity 2 in page 65.Read the passage and choose the correct form of the verbs.reusable water bottle carbon footprint renewable energy LED bulb Water conservation greenhouse effectTHANKS
