1、1/11 1alcoholic adj. 含酒精的；饮酒引起的alcohol n. 酒；酒精 2physics n物理；物理学physical adj. 身体的；客观存在的；物理学的 physician n医师；(尤指)内科医生 3repeat v重复；重说；重做；重新推出；再次发生repeated adj. 重复 的；重复发生的repeatedly adv. 重复地 4 reward n 回报； 奖励； 报酬 vt.奖励； 奖赏； 给以报酬rewarding adj. 值 得做的；有益的；报酬高的 5examine vt. (仔细)检查；审查；测验examination n审查；考察；检查；
2、 测验 6pessimism n悲观；悲观主义pessimistic adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的 7compose vt.&vi. 组成；作曲；撰写composer n作曲家 abuse n滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂 He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power. 滥用 She suffered years of physical abuse. 虐待 The referee had been threatened and abused. 辱骂 Words and Phrases 知识要点1 abuse n
3、. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 教材原句 P14 For example，some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse，which can lead to physical and mental health problems. 例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。 例 1 What went on here was an abuse of power. 这里所发生的事是一种滥用职权的行为。 例 2 He turned round and directed a torrent
4、of abuse at me. 他转过身来冲我劈头盖脸地骂了一通。 2/11 造句 所有这些儿童的身心都受到了摧残。 All the children had been physically and emotionally abused. 知识拓展 abuse ones power 滥用某人的权利 alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/嗜毒 scream/shout abuse 高声谩骂/大声辱骂 child abuse 虐待儿童 social abuse 社会弊端 即学即练 单句语法填空 He abused his(he) privileges in activities outsid
5、e his official capacity. Janet had been abused(abuse) by her father since she was eleven. 知识要点2 in response to 响应，反应；回答；答复 教材原句 P14 Secondly，there is a “routine” ，the regular action you take in response to the cue. 其次，有一个“常规”，即你根据提示采取的常规行动。 例 1 The quick recovery was truly in response to medication.
6、 这次迅速康复确实是对药物治疗的反应。 例 2 His letter in response to her request had contained a firm refusal. 对于她的请求他在信中给予了坚决的回绝。 造句 这些变化是应我们顾客提出的要求而做出的。 The changes are in response to demand from our customers. 知识拓展 (1)response n 回答，回应；反应 make a/no response to 对做出回应/不予回答 (2)respond vi. 回答，回应 respond to.with/by. 用回应
7、即学即练 单句语法填空 A few days later，she still made no response to my email. She responded to the news by bursting into tears. 知识要点3 reward n回报；奖励；报酬 vt. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬 3/11 教材原句 P14 Thirdly， there is the “reward”， the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 第三，有“奖励”，即我们从日常生活中得到的好处或感觉。 例 1 The old lady i
8、s offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds her cat for her! 这位年老的女士给为她找到猫的人提供 50 美元的奖赏！ 例 2 She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus. 她因自己所做的努力而得到一笔奖金。 造句 他们辛苦了一天，得好好酬劳一下。 We should reward them generously for a hard days work. 知识拓展 as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏 give/offer a reward to s
9、b. for sth. 因为某事而给某人报酬 in reward of 为酬谢；作为对的奖励 in rewardin return 作为回报/报答 reward sb.for sth. 为某事而以报答某人 即学即练 单句语法填空 He was given a medal as a reward for his service. His effort was rewarded with remarkable success. The old man gave the little boy a doll as a reward for his help.In reward，the boy gave
10、 him a hug. 知识要点4 rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖 教材原句P15 The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle， and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed. 奖励让我们更有可能继续这个循环，依赖不健康零食的坏习惯也就形成了。 例 1 We had to rely on a compass and a lot of luck to get here. 我们不得不依靠指南针和不错的运气到达这儿。 例 2 Dont rely on h
11、is ideas，be your own master. 你别总是仰承他的意见，要有自己的主见。 4/11 造句 我不知道是否能信任他，不过我愿冒一下险。 I dont know if I can rely on him，but Im willing to take a gamble. 知识拓展 (1)rely onn./doing. 指望/依靠 rely on sb./sth. doing/to do. 指望做 rely on it that. 指望 (2)depend on/upon 依赖；依靠 (3)count on/upon 依赖；依靠 即学即练 单句语法填空 Not having f
12、ound a better way，we had to rely on him to be the interpreter. The success of this project relies on everyone making/to make(make) an effort. You can rely on it that it will rain tomorrow. 知识要点5 examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验 教材原句 P15 To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine
13、our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. 想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向变化，我们首先必须审视、调整我们的习 惯环。 例 1 These ideas will be examined in more detail in Chapter 10. 这些观点将在第 10 章作更为详细的探讨。 例 2 The goods were examined for damage on arrival. 货物到达时检查是否有破损。 造句 期末时学生须参加所有学科的考试。 The students will be examined in all subjec
14、ts at the end of term. 知识拓展 (1)examine sb. in/on. 测验某人 examination n. 审查；调查；考查；考察； (仔细的)检查，检验 (2)physical examination 体检 即学即练 单句语法填空 The plans will be examined (examine) by EU environment ministers. 5/11 A physical examination(examine) is a preliminary to joining the army. 小片段填空 Last week，the teache
15、r examined us in maths.After the examination，we all went to the hospital to have physical examinations(examine) 知识要点6 straight away 立即；马上 教材原句 P15.and if we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up. 如果我们不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观而放弃。 例 1 I told him straight away what I thought
16、of the matter. 我毫不迟疑地把我对这个问题的看法告诉了他。 例 2 Lets go to the meeting straight away! 我们马上开会吧！ 造句 我建议你立即打电话给她。 I suggest you give her a call straight away. 知识拓展 (1)straight off/out 毫不犹豫；直率 straight up (询问或强调所说的话的真实性) 真的，确实 (2)表示“立刻，马上”的词组 at once；right now；right away 即学即练 单句语法填空 She asked him straight off
17、what he thought about it all. So for me，I would straight up tell them. 知识要点7 decide on 决定；选定 教材原句 P15.you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. 你必须考虑你的坏习惯并决定一些改变。 例 1 After leaving university，Therese decided on a career in publishing. 大学毕业后，特蕾泽决定从事出版行业。 例 2 Were still tryin
18、g to decide on a venue. 6/11 我们仍然尽力选定一个会场。 造句 我已经是个成年人了，我应该决定自己的生活。 I am already an adult，so I should decide on my own life. 知识拓展 (1)decide to do/that从句. 决定做 (2)make a decision 做出决定 come to/arrive at/reach a decision 做出决定 即学即练 单句语法填空 Now that you decide to go(go)，youd better go at once. They have ch
19、ewed the problem over for hours and hope to reach a decision(decide) soon. 知识要点8 make up ones mind 下定决心；决定 教材原句 P16 We need to make up our minds and show some discipline，and make small changes over time. 我们需要下定决心，表现出一些纪律性，并随着时间的推移做出一些小的改 变。 例 1 Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it. 她一
20、旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。 例 2 It is early days yet to make up our minds. 我们要下决心现在还为时过早。 造句 我们决心在天黑前完成工作。 We have made up our minds to finish the work before dark. 知识拓展 change ones mind 改变主意 keep/bear/have. in mind 记住；牢记在心头 speak ones mind 直言不讳 read ones mind 看出某人的心思 即学即练 单句语法填空 If you think it over，maybe you
21、 will change your(you) mind. You must keep/bear/have it in mind that these exams will affect your final 7/11 result. 名师点津 在短语 make up ones mind 中，mind 的单复数要随其前 ones 的单复数而变 化。 知识要点9 compose vt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写 教材原句 P16 Life is composed of many elements，such as family，friends， study，work，entertainment and
22、 so on. 生活是由许多要素组成的，如家庭、朋友、工作、娱乐等等。 例 1 Ten men compose the committee. 委员会由十人组成。 例 2 Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died. 莫扎特在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。 造句 她写了一封抗议信。 She composed a letter of protest. 知识拓展 (1)be composed ofbe made up ofconsist of 由组成 (2)composer n. 作曲家 (3)composition n. 作品；
23、作曲；作文 即学即练 单句语法填空 The sea water is mainly composed of water and salt. Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer(compose) and pianist. The teacher singled out one composition(compose) for class discussion. 小片段填空 The composer once created a famous film，which was composed of three parts.His compositio
24、n helped him won a lot of prizes.(compose) Sentence Patterns 重点句式1 状语从句的省略 教材原句 P14These bad habits， if left unchecked， could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. 8/11 这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。 句式分析：if left unchecked 是 if they are left unchecked 的省略形式；if 条件 句中如果从句主语和句子主语一致，可以直接跟分词形
25、式。 例 1 If asked，I would say that I belong to the generation of hope. 如果被问到，我会说我属于希望的一代。 例 2 If invited to a wedding， you will receive an invitation six to eight weeks before the event. 如果有人邀请你参加婚礼，你会在婚礼之前六到八个星期收到请帖。 造句 如果故事讲得好的话，它会彰显你的个性和背景。 If told properly，stories should reveal a lot of facts abou
26、t your personality and background. 知识拓展 when，while，once，unless 等引导状语从句也有类似用法，后面可以跟现在 分词、过去分词、不定式等。 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 Unless invited(invite) to speak，you should remain silent at the conference. The research is so designed that once began(begin) nothing can be done to change it. When completed(完工后), th
27、e museum will be open to the public next year. When comparing different cultures(在比较不同文化时)，we often notice the differences but ignore the similarities. 重点句式2 rather than 连接并列谓语 教材原句 P15So， when we feel unhappy again (cue)， rather than eat snacks， we could listen to some of our favourite music instea
28、d (routine). 所以，当我们再次感到不开心时(暗示)，而不是吃零食，我们可以听一些我 们最喜欢的音乐来代替(常规) 句式分析：句中的 rather than 连接并列谓语，listen to 和 eat。 例 1 Much of the food pleases rather than excites. 这些食物中许多只是让人满意，但并不让人兴奋。 例 2 He decided to write rather than telephone. 9/11 他决定写信，不打电话。 造句 我们尽快把它完成吧，不要再拖了。 Lets get it over with as soon as po
29、ssible，rather than drag it out. 知识拓展 (1)rather than 用作连词，连接两个平行结构。 它构成的句型结构： prefer to do.rather than do. 宁愿做而不愿意做 would do.rather than do. 宁愿做而不愿意做 would rather do.than do. 宁愿做而不愿意做 (2) rather than 用作介词，与 instead of 同义。 (3)A rather than B 作主语时，谓语要与 A 在人称、数上保持一致。 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 You rather than I a
30、re(be) going to go camping. I prefer to play(play) basketball rather than go fishing. I prefer to get up early rather than go to school without breakfast(不吃早饭上 学) The children would walk there rather than take a bus(不愿乘公共汽车) So， when we feel unhappy again (cue)， rather than eat snacks， we could list
31、en to some of our favourite music instead (routine)，which will make us feel relaxed (reward) 分析 when 引导时间状语从句；rather than 意为“而不是”；which 引导 的是定语从句。 翻译 所以，当我们再次感到不开心时(暗示)，而不是吃零食，我们可以 听一些我们最喜欢的音乐来代替(常规)，这会让我们感到放松(奖励)。 教材 高考 1.Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling we get from the (2019
32、 浙江卷)If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome， 10/11 routine. you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. 2.To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. (2019北 京
33、 卷 )Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. 3.you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. (2019 浙江卷)They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964. .单句语法填空 1Lily，rather than you，is(be) to blame for the accident. 2As walking(walk) along the
34、 river bank，she was singing a pop song. 3He was highly regarded as a director，composer(compose)，pianist，and educator. 4Have you decided on the topic for your speech? 5The teacher distributed the examination(examine) papers around the class. 6You may rely on it that he will come to meet you. 7He was
35、rewarded with a three- week- holiday for his achievements. 8We sent out over 1，000 letters but the response(respond) rate has been low. 9She realized straight off that he could not be trusted. 10Bear in mind，all those queries will finally be run in production. .短语填空 in response to；rely on；rather tha
36、n；straight away；decide on；make up ones mind；be composed of；in reward for 1When you have made up your mind to do a thing，finish it. 2Have you decided on which one to choose? 3It was some time before the door opened in response to his ring. 4A security label is composed of one or more security label c
37、omponents. 5We rely on energy and we no longer produce it for ourselves. 6He received a medal in reward for his bravery. 11/11 7This medicine can lessen the pain straight away 8Its a good job it happened here rather than on the open road. .课文语法填空 As teenagers grow up，some of them can form bad habits
38、. Some bad habits can lead to 1.physical(physics) and mental health problems. It is not easy 2.to change(change) bad habits. If we want to change 3.them(they)，we must learn about the habit cycle， 4.which includes a cue， a routine and the reward. We can change them by bining(combine) the information
39、for our habit cycle with our own positive ideas. We can try to replace a negative routine 6.with something more positive. We can also create good habits 7.using(use) the habit cycle. Changing bad habits 8.is(be) not suddenly，but over a long period. We must show some discipline and 9.repeatedly(repeat) take many small steps. You have to think about your bad habits and decide 10.on some changes.
