1、Unit 4Unit 4 Sharing Sharing Learning About LanguageLearning About Language 【语法精讲素养提升】 短语(Phrases) 【情境探究】 观察上面对话说出下列句中的加黑部分的短语类型(NP, VP, AdjP, AdvP, PrepP) 1. Being a freshman at senior high schoolat senior high school(PrepP) is a really big challengea really big challenge(NP). 2. Its a little confu
2、singa little confusing(AdjP) to choose suitabsuitable courses and extrale courses and extra- -curricular curricular activitiesactivities(NP). 3. To choose suitable courses, I have to thinkI have to think(VP) very carefullyvery carefully (AdvP)and ask the school adviser for help. 【要义详析】 一、名词短语(NP) 名词
3、短语的构成: (限定词)+(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)+名词+(介词短语) 。 在句中当作名词用, 一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。 *M More than 50 million peopleore than 50 million people have been reported to be infected by the novel coronavirus globally. (作主语) 报告称全球已有逾 5 000 万人感染了新冠病毒。 *(2020全国卷) A guide led us to the strawberry field.the strawberry fiel
4、d. (作宾语补足语) 一名向导领着我们到了草莓地。 *Many people including doctors, nurses and scientists are real heroes.real heroes. (作表语) 很多人, 包括医生、护士和科学家是真正的英雄。 【名师点津】名词短语中的限定词 在名词短语的“构成”中, 限定词包括冠词(a/an/the)、 指示代词(this、 that、 these、 those 等)、物主代词(my、your、his、her、our、their 等)和不定代词(some、no、neither、both 等)。 二、动词短语(VP) 动词短语
5、的构成: 1. 动词+副词; 2. 动词+介词; 3. 动词+副词+介词; 4. 动词+名词+ 介词; 5. 动词+名词等。在句中作谓语。 *Putin said the vaccine has undergone proper testinghas undergone proper testing and is safe. 普京说疫苗已经经过充分测试, 是安全的。 *(2020新高考全国卷) Her husband worked two jobsworked two jobs to cover the bills. 她的丈夫做两份工作来还账单。 【即学活用】写出下列句中加黑短语的属性 1.
6、Im a member of our basketball club.a member of our basketball club. (NP) 2. I take exercise every daytake exercise every day to keep healthy. (VP) 3. Those days at the Autumn Camp Those days at the Autumn Camp are unforgettable. (NP) 4. Well have a very good mood all day.a very good mood all day. (N
7、P) 三、形容词短语(AdjP) 形容词短语的构成: (副词)+形容词+(介词短语)。 在句中当作形容词用, 可以修饰名词 或代词, 还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。 *(2020 天津高考) I have found you charming and intelligent. charming and intelligent. (作宾语补足语) 我发现你很有魅力, 很聪明。 *A Chinese painting show is always attractive.always attractive. (作表语) 国画展总是很有吸引力。 四、副词短语(AdvP) 副词短语的构成: (副词)+副
8、词。在句中当作副词用可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。 *(2020全国卷) He is so humorous, responsible and selfless that I respect and love him very much.very much. 他如此幽默、负责任、无私以至于我非常尊重并喜欢他。 *Equally importantly,Equally importantly, we should develop a good habit of living. 同样重要的是, 我 们应该养成一种良好的生活习惯。 五、介词短语(PreP) 介词短语的构成: 介词+宾语, 能充当介词后
9、宾语的主要有名词、宾格代词、动词的-ing 形式等。在句中作表语、定语或状语。 *The worlds population is likely to peak at 9. 7 billion in 2064.at 9. 7 billion in 2064. (作状语) 世界人口可能会在 2064 年达到 97 亿的峰值。 *(2020全国卷) Thanks to his efforts in epidemic prevention and control, our neighborhood has been in a good state.in a good state. (作表语) 幸亏他
10、在疫情防控方面做的努力, 才使得我们社区状况良好。 【即学活用】 (1)Li Hua speaks English quite fluentlyquite fluently as he has lived in England for many years. 由于他在英国生活了许多年, 所以李华说英语很流利。 (2)The weather there is wet and warmwet and warm. 那里的天气又湿润又温暖。 (3)Lets use shared bicycles as common transportsas common transports. 让我们用共享单车作为公
11、共交通。 (4)(2020新高考全国卷) The racing route began at our school gateat our school gate and ended at the at the foot of the South Hillfoot of the South Hill. 比赛路线从我们学校门口开始, 到南山脚下结束。 【课时检测素养达标】 . 单句语法填空 1. I suggest that you think about it very carefullycarefully (careful). 2. Mary and Jane are quite differ
12、endifferent t (difference). 3. He spoke too quicklyquickly (quick) for me to understand. 4. It reallyreally (real) works very well. 5. Could you say it more slowlyslowly(slow). 6. The war killed millionsmillions (million)of people. 7. Our holidays in Hangzhou were really enjoyableenjoyable(enjoy) an
13、d unforgettable. 8. The woman is working silentlysilently(silence) in the room. . 判断下文中黑体部分的短语类型 A wellA well- -known old manknown old man(NP) was being interviewedwas being interviewed(VP) and was asked if it was really really correctcorrect(AdjP) that he had just celebrated his ninetyhis ninety- -
14、ninth birthdayninth birthday(NP). “Thats very rightvery right(AdjP), ”said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I havent an an enemyenemy(NP) in the worldin the world(PrepP). Theyre all dead. ”“Well, sir, ”said the the interviewerinterviewer(NP), “I hope very muchvery much(AdvP) to have the hono
15、r of interviewing you on the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthdayour hundredth birthday y(NP). ”The old man looked at the young man very closelyvery closely(AdvP), and said, “I cant see“I cant see (VP)why you shouldnt. You look fit and healthy! And arent you strong enoughstrong enoug
16、h(AdjP)? ” 【语法主题应用】 根据提示翻译下列语段。 上周日, 你所在的志愿者小组到汽车站(PrepP)参加了一次服务活动。一到车站, 我们就 受到了热烈的欢迎(NP); 有的同学打扫候车室(VP), 有的为旅客提供信息、搬运行李(VP)等; 虽然很累, 但是我们感到很开心(AdjP)。最为重要的是(AdvP), 我们能够为他人做些事情。 Last Sunday, our volunteer group took part in a voluntary activity at the bus at the bus stationstation(PrepP). On arriving
17、there, we were given a warm welcomea warm welcome(NP). Some students cleancleaned the waiting roomed the waiting room(VP) while the others offered the passengers the information they needed and carried the luggagecarried the luggage(VP) for them. Although we were tired, we felt very happyvery happy(
18、AdjP). Most importantlyMost importantly(AdvP), we can do something for others. 十一十一 Unit 4Unit 4 LearnLearning About Languageing About Language . 判断下文中黑体部分的短语类型 1. LargeLarge- -scale production of the vaccinescale production of the vaccine will start in September. (NPNP) 2. Beautiful and neat handwr
19、itingBeautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to us students. (NPNP) 3. All the students shout loudly and happilyloudly and happily. (AdvPAdvP) 4. If you can join us, we will be very happyvery happy. (AdjPAdjP) 5. More than 5, 800 Americans gave up their citizenship in the first six months of in
20、 the first six months of 20202020. (PrepPPrepP) 6. You can get throughget through this difficult period. (VPVP) 7. Im writing to invite you to join us in a visit to the oiled paper umbin a visit to the oiled paper umbrella factoryrella factory. (PrepPPrepP) 8. I won a prizewon a prize for creative w
21、riting in a city-level competition last year. (VPVP) . 单句语法填空 1. The most beautiful tourist attractionattraction(attract) in China is the West Lake. 2. He was very confusedconfused(confuse) about the result of the exam. 3. I believe he will give up thethe bad habit. 4. Most importantlyimportantly(im
22、portance), everyone should have a positive attitude. 5. Thats all for my introductionintroduction(introduce). 6. Students of various cultures can communicate withwith each other. 7. (2020 天津高考) Nothing can be achievedbe achieved(achieve) without dedication and frustration. 8. I am terriblyterribly(t
23、errible) sorry to have you waiting for such a long time. . 完成句子 1. I have three close friendsthree close friends. 我有三个亲密的朋友。 2. It is very important for usIt is very important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说, 学好英语是很重要的。 3. We will try to make our country more beautifulmake our country more beaut
24、iful. 我们将努力使我们的国家更美丽。 4. I wish you a safe returna safe return. 祝你平安归来。 5. I won the first prizethe first prize in the Chinese speech contest. 我获得了汉语演讲比赛的一等奖。 6. We are all entirelyall entirely responsible for our actions. 我们都要对自己的行为负全部责任。 . 阅读理解 (2021赣州高二检测) Addyson Moffitt is an 8-year-old from Ka
25、nsas City, Missouri. Maurine Chelagat is a 9-year-old from a village in Kenya called Bartabwa. It might not seem as if the girls have much in common, but when they met at a dinner two years ago, in Kansas City, they instantly hit it off. “We had this one little red ball to play with, ” Addyson told
26、others. “We didnt have any electronics or phones, no iPads or TV. It was just us playing. ”Addyson and Maurine still keep in touch now. The dinner was hosted by the nonprofit group World Vision International. In some parts of the world people must walk several miles each day to collect water from a
27、stream or another water source. Often, the water is polluted, World Vision builds wells, pipelines, and rain catchers in these communities. Addyson was at the dinner because her family supports World Vision. Maurine was there because her village had been without clean water. World Vision fixed that
28、by building a water station there. Addyson was inspired by Maurine. “People helped Maurine so she could have clean water, and kids are dying because they dont have it. ”she says, “I want to help. ” Races are one way World Vision raises money to pay for its water projects. Runners pledge to run a rac
29、e, often a 26-mile marathon or 13-mile half marathon. They ask people to support them by donating to World Vision. Addyson decided to run the 2017 Kansas City Half Marathon for World Vision. At age 7, she was one of the youngest-ever runners in the race, and had to get special permission to particip
30、ate. Addyson spent four months training with her parents, waking up before 6 a. m. to run. Meanwhile, she started fundraise. She carried a jug of water around her neighborhood, to park conversation about World Visions work. She cleared the plates at a restaurant for tips. She asked friends to make d
31、onations as birthday presents. By October 2017, when Addyson ran the race, shed raised more than $20, 000. Shes the youngest person in World Vision history to raise more than $10, 000. In 2018, she ran again and raised $36, 000. But Addysons work is not finished. “My goal is for every kid to have cl
32、ean water, ” she says. 【文章大意】八岁的女孩 Addyson 通过参加马拉松比赛代表世界宣明会为水利项目筹集资金, 呼吁全世界的人们支持他们, 让每个孩子都有干净的水喝。 1. What does the underlined phrase “hit it off” in the first paragraph mean? A. had a quarrel B. did homework together C. played jokes on each other D. got along well with each other 【解析】选 D。词义猜测题。根据下文可
33、知“我们有一个小红球玩, ” Addyson 告诉其他人。 “我们没有任何电子产品或手机, 没有 iPad 或电视。只是我们在玩。”Addyson 和 Maurine 现在仍然保持联系。由此可推知, 看似没有共同点的 Addyson 和 Maurine , 两年前在堪萨斯 城的一次宴会上, 他们一见如故, 相处融洽。 故可推测画线短语意思为“友好相处”。 故选 D。 2. Why could Addyson and Maurine meet at a dinner? A. They met each other only by chance. B. Both of their villages
34、 were in need of clean water. C. They both were invited by World Vision International. D. Addyson wanted to help Maurine through World Vision. 【解析】选 A。推理判断题。根据第二段四、五句可知 Addyson 出席了晚宴, 因为她的家人支 持世界宣明会; Maurine 在晚会上是因为她的村庄没有干净的水, 可推测, 她们二人的见面是 一次偶然。故选 A。 3. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
35、A. Addyson tried her best to raise money. B. Addyson trained hard to run Half Marathon. C. World Vision held many races to raise money. D. Addyson had donated lots of money to World Vision. 【解析】选 A。段落大意题。根据最后一段可知她提着一壶水在她的社区里转, 在公园里和别 人谈论世界宣明会的工作。她在餐厅收盘子挣小费。她邀请朋友们捐款作为生日礼物。可推 知, 本段主要讲述 Addyson 为了筹款所付出
36、的努力。A. Addyson tried her best to raise money. ( Addyson 尽自己的全力筹款)符合以上说法, 故选 A。 4. Which word can best describe Addyson? A. brave B. caring C. understanding D. grateful 【解析】选 B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知她提着一壶水在她的社区里转, 在公园里和别 人谈论 World Vision 的工作。她在餐厅收盘子挣小费。她邀请朋友们捐款作为生日礼物。她 说: “我的目标是让每一个孩子都可以用到干净的水”。 可推测, Addyson
37、 是一个非常有爱心、 关心别人的女孩。B. caring(关心他人的)符合以上说法, 故选 B。 . 完形填空 (2021泰安高二检测) I was very fortunate to be chosen by Kindspring to receive $100 for the monthly kindness competition. This past October I 1 some Inspiration Trees and they have helped to make a 2 in peoples lives. The idea is simple. I took a lot
38、of fallen branches that I had been 3 on walks and hung them from the ceiling with the help of volunteers and friends. Then we 4 strings with pins (大头针) attached to them from the branches. I got a lot of art supplies and as people came in for the art exhibit, they were 5 to create a piece of art or a
39、 6 message to hang from the branches. The tree changed into this really funny way of 7 positive messages. If you hung a message up, you had to take one down for you to 8 . The experience was really 9 . People of all ages and from all walks of life were sharing art and inspiration through the 10 . Wi
40、th the $100 I 11 from Kindspring, I made more Inspiration Trees. Im 12 them all over our community, such as classrooms and youth shelters for homeless teens. The act is to create communication that is positive and can 13 peoples lives by just doing a 14 act of kindness. The message people receive ca
41、n be kept with them as a reminder of the 15 in the world. 【文章大意】文章主要记叙了作者通过制作灵感树, 让人们在树上悬挂积极信息, 这一简单 的善举影响了人们生活的故事。 1. A. showed B. bought C. found D. made 【解析】 选 D。 句意: 去年 10 月, 我制作了一些灵感树, 它们帮助改变了人们的生活。 showed 展示; bought 购买; found 发现; made 制作。结合后文 I took a lot of fallen branches. . . 可知灵感树是作者制作的。故选
42、 D。 2. A. difference B. mark C. rule D. promise 【解析】选 A。difference 不同; mark 标志; rule 规则; promise 承诺。此处表示“改变, 有 影响”, 短语为 make a difference, 故选 A。 3. A. counting B. collecting C. accepting D. placing 【解析】选 B。句意: 在志愿者和朋友们的帮助下, 我把收集来的很多掉落的树枝挂在天花板 上。counting 计算; collecting 收集; accepting 接受; placing 放置。结合
43、上文 I took a lot of fallen branches 可知作者收集了很多掉落的树枝。故选 B。 4. A. hung B. bought C. removed D. threw 【解析】 选 A。 句意: 然后我们把带有别针的绳子挂在树枝上。 hung 悬挂; bought 买; removed 去除; threw 扔。结合上文树枝挂在天花板上。故选 A。 5. A. ordered B. allowed C. encouraged D. chosen 【解析】选 C。结合后文 to create a piece of art 可知来参观的人们被鼓励创作一件艺术 品。故选 C。
44、 6. A. short B. hidden C. positive D. important 【解析】选 C。句意: 我得到了很多艺术用品, 当人们来参加艺术展的时候, 他们被鼓励创作 一件艺术品, 或者把积极的信息挂在树枝上。short 短的; hidden 隐藏的; positive 积极的; important 重要的。故选 C。 7. A. carrying B. sending C. leaving D. exchanging 【解析】选 D。句意: 这棵树变成了交换积极信息的有趣方式。carrying 搬运; sending 邮寄; leaving 离开; exchanging
45、交换。故选 D。 8. A. remember B. keep C. deliver D. rewrite 【解析】选 B。句意: 如果你挂了一条信息, 你就必须取下一条信息来保存。remember 记住; keep 保存; deliver 递送; rewrite 重写。故选 B。 9. A. amazing B. strange C. direct D. painful 【解析】选 A。句意: 这次经历真的很奇妙。amazing 令人惊异的; strange 奇怪的; direct 直接的; painful 痛苦的。结合上文作者叙述灵感树改变人们生活可知这是一次奇妙的经历。 其他选项不符合语
46、境, 故选 A。 10. A. room B. tree C. card D. pen 【解析】选 B。句意: 来自各行各业、各个年龄段的人们通过这棵树分享艺术和灵感。故选 B。 11. A. raised B. earned C. borrowed D. received 【解析】选 D。句意: 用来自 Kindspring 的 100 美元, 我制作了更多的灵感树。故选 D。 12. A. running B. organizing C. putting D. storing 【解析】选 C。句意: 我把它们放在我们社区的各个地方, 比如教室和为无家可归的青少年设 立的青少年庇护所。故选
47、C。 13. A. limit B. expand C. influence D. replace 【解析】选 C。limit 限制; expand 扩大; influence 影响; replace 代替。结合上文 People of all ages and from all walks of life were sharing art and inspiration. . . 可知 灵感树创造了一种积极的交流方式, 而这种方式可以影响人们的生活。故选 C。 14. A. private B. simple C. creative D. brave 【解析】选 B。句意: 这样做是为了创造
48、一种积极的交流方式, 通过一个简单的善举就能影响 人们的生活。private 私人的; simple 简单的; creative 有创造性的; brave 勇敢的。故选 B。 15. A. good B. honesty C. politeness D. richness 【解析】选 A。句意: 人们收到的信息可以保存在身边, 作为对世界美好事物的提醒。故选 A。 . 语法填空 Max Bobholz was only 12 years old when he came up with the idea of creating a charity to provide baseball equ
49、ipment to children in Africa. While 1. (watch) baseball, his favorite sport, on TV in 2012, Max learned that teams from Africa didnt have proper equipment to play. They either made equipment themselves or had to share 2. very few items they had among all the children. Max thought about all the extra
50、 bats, balls and equipment he and his friends had in their garages and homes. Then, inspired by his baseball coach, T. Williquette, and those 3. were active charity, he decided to take action and help. Thus, an 4. (influence) charity was started. 5. (know) as Angels at Bat. Maxs charity has donated
