1、Unit 2-Lesson 1 核心考点归纳核心考点归纳 【核心词汇短语及用法归纳】【核心词汇短语及用法归纳】 balanced adj.均衡的；平衡的均衡的；平衡的 教材原句 .have a healthy and balanced diet 有一个健康均衡的饮食 归纳拓展 (1)balanced diet 均衡饮食 (2)balance n.平衡；天平 vt.权衡；(使) 平衡 keep ones balance 保持平衡 lose ones balance 失去平衡 on balance 总的来说 典例示范 Jane lost her balance on the slipping gr
2、ound and fell over. 地上很滑，简一下子失去了平衡，跌倒了。 On balance，we have a good chance of winning the race. 总的来说，我们很有希望赢得比赛。 The president is planning for a balanced budget. 总裁正在为平衡预算作策划。 crowd n人群；群众人群；群众 教材原句 He made shot after shot，and the crowd couldnt stop clapping and cheering. 他一个接一个的投篮，人群忍不住鼓掌欢呼。 归纳拓展 (1)
3、a crowd of 一群，一伙 (2)crowd v. 挤满；涌入 crowd in 挤进 crowd out 挤出；推开 (3)crowded adj. 拥挤的 be crowded with 挤满了 典例示范 I was nearly pushed over by a crowd of children. 我差点被一群孩子们推倒。 Many football fans crowded in when the gate was opened. 大门打开后，许多足球迷都涌了进来。 Shops were crowded with customers looking over the colou
4、rful displays. 商店里挤满了在观看陈列的丰富多采商品的顾客。 desire n愿望，欲望，渴望愿望，欲望，渴望 v渴望，期望渴望，期望 教材原句 Everyone knew Paul had real skills，and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team. 每个人都知道保罗有着真正的技术，他是一个非常努力的人，并且很渴望为球队 打球。 归纳拓展 (1)a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物 have a desire to do/that. 有
5、的欲望/愿望 (2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth. 想让某人做某事 desire that sb.(should)动词原形 希望/要求某人做 典例示范 Even so，she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. 尽管如此，她的勇气和渴望成功的强烈愿望给世人留下了深刻的印象。 The fans of Li Youbin desired that they (should)watch his next movie soon. 李幼斌的影迷非常渴
6、望观看他的下一部影片。 He desires me to go abroad for further education. He desires that I (should) go abroad for further education. 他希望我能出国深造。 hit sb.on the shoulder 打在某人肩上打在某人肩上 教材原句 “Well， ” said the Coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder， “youve just earned your place on the team，big guy！” “好， ”教练一边拍了下保罗的肩膀一
7、边说， “你为自己赢得了在球队中的地位， 大 个子！” 归纳拓展 “hit/beat/strike/pat/touch sb. on/in the 身体部位”这样的结构其中的定 冠词不可用物主代词代替，如果打在坚硬结实的部位如 head， shoulder， back 等， 前面常用介词 on；如果打在柔软多肉的部位如 leg，eye，face 等，前面常用介词 in。 典例示范 As I turned around，I accidentally hit him in the face. 我转身时不经意撞了他的脸。 The stone struck me on the side of the
8、head. 石子打中了我头部的侧面。 keep up with 跟上，保持同步跟上，保持同步 教材原句 The other team just couldnt keep up with his energy and speed. 另一支球队无法跟上他的精力和速度。 归纳拓展 keep at sth. 坚持做某事 keep sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 keep back 忍住，隐瞒；抑制 keep off 避开，防止，挡住 keep out of 使不进入 keep up 保持，继续 典例示范 He kept at the job until finished. 他坚持
9、把工作干完。 The rain kept us from going out. 下雨使我们没法出去。 She couldnt keep back her tears. 她忍不住哭了。 I hope the fine weather will keep up. 我希望好天气会保持下去。 let sb.down 使失望，辜负使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望别人的信任或期望) 教材原句 I wont let you down! 我不会让你失望的。 归纳拓展 let alone 更不用说 let down 放下，降低，使失望 let go (of) 放开，松手 let off 宽恕，免除 let out
10、 放掉，发出 典例示范 We fear no death，let alone difficulties. 我们死都不怕，何况困难？ Because he was a Christian，the judge let him off. 由于他是基督徒，法官便对他从轻发落。 When she saw him，she let out a cry of horror. 她看见他时吓得大叫一声。 prefer vt.更喜欢；宁可；宁愿更喜欢；宁可；宁愿 教材原句 I prefer to play basketball rather than play football. 我宁愿打篮球而不愿踢足球。 归纳拓
11、展 prefer sth./doing sth. 更喜欢做某事 prefer (sb.)to do sth. 宁愿(某人)做某事 prefer (doing)A to (doing)B 宁愿(做)A 而不愿(做)B prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做 A 而不愿做 B 典例示范 I much prefer dogs to cats. 和猫比起来我更喜欢狗。 I would prefer not to go out today. 我今天宁愿不出去。 I would prefer playing outdoors to watching(watch)TV. 我宁
12、愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。 He prefers to go to the movies rather than stay at home. 他宁愿去看电影而不愿待在家里。 pay off 取得成功；奏效；还清取得成功；奏效；还清(债务债务)；有回报；有回报 教材原句 And clearly，all the extra hours that hed spent practising alone paid off. 很显然，他独自一人训练花的额外时间得到了回报。 归纳拓展 pay back 偿还，归还；报答；回报；报复 pay for 付的钱，受的报应 pay up (把应支付的钱)缴清，付清 典
13、例示范 It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.还清 Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.得到回报 Did your daring plan pay off? 取得成功 All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam. 所有那几周的学习都会在考试的时候见成效。 Youll have to pay off your old loan b
14、efore being allowed a new one. 你必须还清旧债，才能重新贷款。 If you dont work now，youll pay for it later when you fail your exams. 你现在不好好学，到考试不及格时就得为此而付出代价。 rather than 而不是而不是 教材原句 I prefer to play basketball rather than play football. 我宁愿打篮球而不愿踢足球。 归纳拓展 (1)常用句型 prefer to do sth.rather than do sth. would do sth.r
15、ather than do sth. would rather do sth.than do sth. 宁愿做而,不愿做 (2)rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的词 在人称和数上保持一致。 典例示范 If you are one of them， I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining. 如果你是他们中的一员，我想说改变事情的唯一方式是做，而不是抱怨。 She preferred to stay at home rat
16、her than go shopping with him. 她宁愿待在家里，而不愿与他去购物。 Mary，rather than you，is to blame for not finishing the work on time. 是玛丽而不是你应为没有按时完成工作而受责备。 replacement n替换的人替换的人/物物 教材原句 He was still usually on the bench， being just a replacement， which was really tough on him. 然而，他仍旧通常“坐板凳”作为替补队员，这让他感到很痛苦。 归纳拓展 re
17、place vt. 取代；替换 replace.by/with. 以代替/替换 典例示范 I am going to replace my battered car with a new one. 我打算买辆新车来取代我那辆破车。 We need a replacement for the secretary who left. 我们需要一个人代替已离职的秘书。 名师点津 表示“代替”的短语还有：in place ofin ones place；take the place oftake ones place。 try out for sth.参加选拔；争取成为参加选拔；争取成为(团队的一员团
18、队的一员) 教材原句 Paul had to try out many times just for making the team. 保罗多次参加选拔，想要入选球队。 归纳拓展 try out 试用，试验 try for 试图获得或赢得某物 try sth.on 试穿衣物 try ones best 尽力 try ones luck 试试运气 典例示范 Alisons trying for a job as a research assistant. 阿莉森正在争取一份研究助理的工作。 We should try our best to attend on our parents，and m
19、ake them happy in their later years. 我们应当尽力照顾好我们的父母并使他们晚年幸福。 It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team. 这件事始于当一位老师建议我参加篮球队员的选拔的时候。 【核心句式】【核心句式】 教材原句 I dont think I can play anymore，Coach. 教练，我认为我不能再打了。 归纳拓展 本句中 I dont think 是否定前置，是指如果带有否定的宾语从句，宾语从句中的 否定词通常提前，用来否定主句的谓语动词。 (1
20、)当主句谓语动词是 think，believe，feel，guess，expect，suppose，imagine 等 表示“观点、信念、推测、臆测”等心理活动时，常常使用这种结构。 (2)这种结构的反义疑问句主语和谓语动词必须与宾语从句中的主语和谓语动词 保持一致。 典例示范 I dont think he is a good swimmer，is he? 我认为他不是个好的游泳选手，难道不是吗？ I dont think you are right. 我想你不对。 名师点津 (1)当主语为第一人称 I，we 时，通常反问的是从句； 而当主语不是第一人称时，则反问主句。 (2)若谓语动词为
21、hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 教材原句 Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more. 保罗知道自己比其他球员矮意味着他需要多加练习。 归纳拓展 本句 that 引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中 being shorter than other players 作主语。 (1)动名词直接位于句首作主语。 (2)用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 动名词作主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。 常见的能用于这种结构的形容
22、词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting， foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile 等。 典例示范 Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. 大声朗读对我们学一门外语非常重要。 It was a waste of time reading that book. 读那本书是浪费时间。 【语法归纳】【语法归纳】 教材原句 1.When we werent playing on the court which
23、was next to our building，we were watching a game on TV. 2.Pauls favourite player was Tyrone Bogues，a guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets. 3.Paul didnt know hed soon get the chance that hed been waiting for. 4.They were playing against The Bears，a team whose record was perfect. 现象解析 句子中 which，wh
24、o，that 和 whose 是关系代词，引导定语从句，关系代词所代 替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 归纳拓展 一、常见关系代词的基本用法 1which 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。 The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语) 在桌子上的那本书是我父亲买的。 2that 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于 which。不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后 作宾语。 3who，whom，whose (1)
25、who 主格，在从句中作主语，只可指人。 (2)whom 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语；只可指人。 (3)whose 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为某人的，某物的。 (4)whosen.then. of which(某物的)then.of whom(某人的)。 二、只能用 that，不能用 which 的情况 1先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only，the very，the last 等修饰时， 关系代词通常只用 that，不用 which。 The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是城市 。 This is
26、one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 2先行词是 all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much， few 等不定代词或先行词被 all，any，every，no，little，much，some 等词修饰。 All the people that come from the country w
27、ork much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。 3句中其他位置已出现 which，为避免重复，不用 which 而用 that 引导限 定性定语从句。 Which is the car that has overtaken us? 超过我们的是哪辆车？ 4先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用 that，不用 which。 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 The foreign visitor
28、s spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。 三、只用 which，不能用 that 的情况 1先行词为“those表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通常只用 which 而不 用 that。 Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。 A books
29、hop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。 2在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的 先行词时，关系代词必须用 which。 Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born? 这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？ This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 3当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的 关系词只能用 which，而不用 that。
