1、Ellipsis (省略）省略） 为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省 略句中的一个或几个句子成分，略句中的一个或几个句子成分， 这种语法现象称为这种语法现象称为省略省略。 定义定义 一一 简单句中的省略简单句中的省略 1 1、 省略主语省略主语 ( (祈使句中主语通常省略祈使句中主语通常省略) ) Doesnt matter. ( It ) doesnt matter. ( It ) Sounds like a good idea. 2 2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如：如： What/How (do you think) about a cup
2、 of tea ? Why (do you) not say hello to him ? 3 3、省略表语。、省略表语。 Are you thirsty? Yes, I am . His brother isnt lazy, nor is his sister . (thirsty). (lazy). 4 4、同时省略几个成分、同时省略几个成分 Lets meet at the same place as yesterday. (we met) 同时省略主、谓语同时省略主、谓语 在由在由and连接的一些句子中，为避免重复常省略连接的一些句子中，为避免重复常省略 一些重复的词或词组。一些重复的
3、词或词组。 1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。省略共同的主语或宾语。 Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and (Mr. Smith) handed it to a policeman. 二二 并列句中的省略并列句中的省略 2. 若主语不同而谓语助动词，情态动词相同，若主语不同而谓语助动词，情态动词相同， 则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。 Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 3. 若主语与谓语动词相同
4、，省略后面的主谓成分。若主语与谓语动词相同，省略后面的主谓成分。 His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry. 4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则 省略主要动词及后续部分。省略主要动词及后续部分。 I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob ( was born in winter) in 1989. 5. 5. 省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。 He was late because he had overs
5、lept and ( because he had) missed the train. 1 1、主句中有一些成分被省略，、主句中有一些成分被省略，如：如： Sorry to hear you are ill. Pity that he missed such a good chance. ( I m ) ( Its a ) 三三 复合句中的省略复合句中的省略 Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday? I think so. so I think Im leaving for Beijing this Sunday. Tom must be free t
6、oday. If so, he can help us. so If he is free. 主句中有一些成分被省略、而用主句中有一些成分被省略、而用soso或或notnot来代替来代替 It is going to rain, isnt it? I hope not. not it is not going to rain. 这种用法常见的有：这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so. 及及I suppose /believe /hope not. Why not?等等。等等。 2. 名词性从句中的省略：名词性从句中
7、的省略： 1)在在say, know, think, believe, suppose, consider, find, decide等动词后面所接的等动词后面所接的一个一个 宾语从句宾语从句中，连词中，连词that可以省略；若后接可以省略；若后接多个宾多个宾 语从句语从句，只有，只有第一个第一个连词连词that可可省略，省略，其余的其余的连连 词词that不能不能省略。如：省略。如： I think (that) you like me, do you? 我们的语我们的语 文老师说这篇课文非常重要，我们应文老师说这篇课文非常重要，我们应 该把它记住。该把它记住。 Our Chinese te
8、acher said (that) the text was very important_ _. and that we should learn it by heart 2) 在与在与request, advise, suggest, recommend demand, require, insist, order, command 等词相关等词相关 的的名词性从句名词性从句中，须用中，须用虚拟语气虚拟语气形式“形式“should + 动词动词 原形”，原形”，should可以省略。如：可以省略。如： 汤姆建议我们去看电影功夫熊猫。汤姆建议我们去看电影功夫熊猫。 Tom suggested
9、 that we (should) go to see the movie Kung Fu Panda. (_从句从句) It was suggested that we (should) go to see the movie Kung Fu Panda. (_从句从句) Tom made the suggestion that we (should) go to see the movie Kung Fu Panda. (_从句从句) Toms suggestion was that we (should) go to see the movie Kung Fu Panda. (_从句从句
10、) 宾宾 语语 主主 语语 同位语同位语 表表 语语 3. 定语从句中的省略：定语从句中的省略： 1) 在限制性定语从句中，作在限制性定语从句中，作宾语宾语用的关系代词用的关系代词 whom，which，that可省略。如：可省略。如： 我最喜欢的电影明星是李小龙。我最喜欢的电影明星是李小龙。 The film star_ I like most is Bruce Lee. 我们有使我们感到骄傲的历史。我们有使我们感到骄傲的历史。 We have a history_ we are proud of. (whom/who/that) (which/that) 判断正误：判断正误： 这是我的妻子
11、，我的一切都归功于她。这是我的妻子，我的一切都归功于她。 This is my wife, I owe everything to.( ) 见到她的那天是我一生中最伟大的日子。见到她的那天是我一生中最伟大的日子。 The day I saw her was the greatest of my life. ( ) 注意：关系代词引导注意：关系代词引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句，即使，即使 在从句中作在从句中作宾语宾语，_。“。“介词介词+关系关系 代词代词”引导定语从句，关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词_。 whom/who on which 不可省略不可省略 不可省略不可省略 2) 定
12、语从句中的“定语从句中的“主语主语(关系代词关系代词) + be”可以”可以 省略。如：省略。如： 那个国家讲的是什么语言？那个国家讲的是什么语言？ Whats the language spoken in that country? Whats the language spoken in that country? 我从未见过如此聪明勤奋的学生。我从未见过如此聪明勤奋的学生。 Never have I seen a student_ so smart and hardworking. Never have I seen a student so smart and hardworking.
13、 who/that is which/that is 1.when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时引导的时 间状语从句；间状语从句； 2.if， unless引导的条件状语从句；引导的条件状语从句； 3.though，although，even if ，even though引引 导的让步状语从句；导的让步状语从句； 4.as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；引导的方式状语从句； 5. wherever引导的地点状语从句引导的地点状语从句 若从句的主语是若从句的主语是it或与主句的主或与主句的主 语相同，且谓语是语相同，且谓语是be时，常同时时，常同时
14、 省略从句的主语和省略从句的主语和be。 4.4.状语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略 When asked what he had done, John just kept silent. When he was asked what he had done, John just kept silent. he If he is free, Jack will go with us. he was If free, Jack will go with us. he is Unless invited, he wont come. Unless he is invited, he wont com
15、e. he While he is doing house work, my father often listens to music. he is While doing house work, my father often listens to music. he is he 1) 保留不定式符号保留不定式符号to的场合：的场合： 不定式作某些动词的不定式作某些动词的宾语宾语时，常见动词如时，常见动词如 want ， like，love，care，hope，wish， expect，prefer，refuse, mean, agree, afford, forget，remember，
16、try，manage等。如：等。如： 对不起，伤害了你的感情。我不是故意的。对不起，伤害了你的感情。我不是故意的。 Im sorry I hurt your feelings. I _. didnt mean to 四四 不定式中的省略不定式中的省略 不定式在句中作某些动词的不定式在句中作某些动词的宾语补足语宾语补足语或或主主 语补足语语补足语时，常见动词如时，常见动词如ask，advise， persuade, tell, wish, allow, permit, force等。等。 如：如： 最后他们照我的话做了。最后他们照我的话做了。 At last they did as I told
17、 them to. (_补补) 如果不是迫不得已，他是不会娶她的。如果不是迫不得已，他是不会娶她的。 He would not have married her if he had not been forced to. (_补补) 她想来但她父母不让她来。她想来但她父母不让她来。(allow) She wants to come but her parents wont _. allow her to 宾宾 主主 2)可省略不定式符号可省略不定式符号to的场合：的场合： 主语部分或修饰主语的定语部分有实义动词主语部分或修饰主语的定语部分有实义动词 do的各种形式，作表语的不定式可省略的各种形
18、式，作表语的不定式可省略to，也可，也可 保留保留to。如：。如： What Id advise you to do is take exercise every day. ( ) The most important thing I should do is (to) give you some advice on how to learn a foreign language. ( ) 主语从句中主语从句中有实义动词有实义动词do 主语的定语从句主语的定语从句 中中有实义动词有实义动词do 不定式做介词不定式做介词but，except等的等的宾语宾语，且前，且前 面有面有实义动词实义动词d
19、o的各种形式时，须的各种形式时，须省略省略不定式不定式 符号符号to。如：。如： They nothing but watch TV last night. 昨晚他们只看了电视，其他什么都没有干。昨晚他们只看了电视，其他什么都没有干。 I dont want to anything except_. 除了帮助你们，我什么事情除了帮助你们，我什么事情 都不想做。都不想做。 He had no choice but _. 他别无选择，只能跟她说了真话。他别无选择，只能跟她说了真话。 help you to tell her the truth did do 在在see, look at, hear
20、, listen to, watch, notice， observe，feel，have，make，let等词后作宾语补足语等词后作宾语补足语 时，须省略不定式符号时，须省略不定式符号to。如：。如： 昨天我又一次听玛丽动情地讲述她的爱情故事。昨天我又一次听玛丽动情地讲述她的爱情故事。 Yesterday I listened to Mary speak movingly about her love story once again. 她的爱情故事总是让我哭泣。她的爱情故事总是让我哭泣。 Her love story always makes me cry. 判断正误：判断正误： He w
21、as seen to cheat in the exam. ( ) 有人看见他考试作了弊。有人看见他考试作了弊。 He was made to admit that he had cheated in the exam. ( )他被迫承认他在考试中作弊。他被迫承认他在考试中作弊。 注注:以上动词若可用于被动语态以上动词若可用于被动语态,不定式符号不定式符号to不可省略不可省略。 why (not) do sth? 结构中不定式省略结构中不定式省略to。 Why not_? 为什么不留下来吃午饭呢？为什么不留下来吃午饭呢？ We can start now, so why_? 我们现在可以开始了
22、，何必等呢？我们现在可以开始了，何必等呢？(意思是意思是 “不必要等”“不必要等”) stay for lunch wait 虚拟条件句中如有虚拟条件句中如有were, had, should,可省略可省略 if,将将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。如提前构成部分倒装。如: 如果我是你的话，我就会努力学习。如果我是你的话，我就会努力学习。 If I were you, I would study hard. _, I would study hard. 早知如此，我就不来了。早知如此，我就不来了。 If I had known it, I would not have co
23、me. _, I would not have come. 如果你明天遇到周杰伦，你会对他说什么如果你明天遇到周杰伦，你会对他说什么? If you should meet Jay Chou tomorrow, what would you say to him? _ Jay Chou tomorrow, what would you say to him? Should you meet Had I known it Were I you 虚拟条件句中的省略虚拟条件句中的省略 1. 一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后
24、的 动名词，常见的句型有动名词，常见的句型有spend/waste time (in) doing, lose no time (in) doing； have difficult/trouble (in) doing； be busy (in) doing； stop/prevent sb. (from) doing 等。等。 The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. She lost no time (in) giving the patient first aid. 六、介词的省略六、介词的省略 2. 表示行为
25、方式的表示行为方式的in在在in this way, in the same way, in another way等词组中，经常被省略。等词组中，经常被省略。 He did it (in) this way. 有时为了省事，人们常把某些词省掉，特别有时为了省事，人们常把某些词省掉，特别 是在口语中。如：是在口语中。如： 有什么问题吗？有什么问题吗？ 明白我的意思吗？明白我的意思吗？ party yesterday. This way, please. 请这边走。请这边走。 (Come) Anything wrong? (Is there) See what I mean? (Do you)
26、(It) Serves him right! 他活该！他活该！ Havent seen you for ages. 好久不见。好久不见。 (I) Pity that I didnt go to your birthday (It is a) 七七 口语中的省略口语中的省略 高考真题高考真题 1. Would you like some more tea? _, please.（NMET2005，全国卷，全国卷II，12） A. No more B. Just a little C. Ive had enough D. Yes, I would 2. Itll take at least 2 h
27、ours to do this! Oh, _! I could do it in 30 minutes. (NMET2005，上海，上海 39) A. come on B. pardon me C. your are right D. dont mention it 高考真题高考真题 3. How about putting some pictures into the report? _ A picture is worth a thousand words. （NMET2005，江苏，江苏，24） A. No way. B. Why not? C. All right? D. No mat
28、ter. 4. When _ help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.” (NMET2005，福，福 建，建，33) A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered 高考真题高考真题 5. Why didnt you buy the camera you had longed for? I planed to, but I was 50 _. （NMET2005，福建，福建，34） A. fewer B. less C. cheap D. short 6. Would y
29、ou mind my coming over and having a look at your new garden? My little sons curious about those roses you grow.” _. Youre welcome. (NMET2005，湖北，湖北，25) A. Yes, I do B. Never mind C. Yes, please D. Not at all 高考真题高考真题 7. Tom: Mike, our team will play against the Rockets this weekend. Im sure we will w
30、in. Mike: _! （NMET2005，广东，广东，21） A. Congratulations B. Cheers C. Best wishes D. Good luck 8. Tara: This is Tara Patel from cotton House in Kidderminster. Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please? Smith: _ (NMET2005，广东，广东，22） A. Hello! B. Im Mr. Smith. C. Who are you? D. Speaking 高考真题高考真题 9. My family usua
31、lly goes skating for vacation. I like skating, but I want to try something different this year. _ （NMET2005，重庆，重庆，22） A.Lets go. B. Cheer up. C. Like what ? D. Take care. 10. Have you been to New Zealand? No, Id like to, _. (NMET2005，山东，山东， 21） A. too B. though C. yet D. either 高考真题高考真题 11. Could yo
32、u do me a favor and take these books to my office? Yes, _ （NMET2005，山东，山东，22） A. for pleasure B. I could C. my pleasure D. with pleasure 12 . Lets go to a movie after work, OK? _ (NMET2005，山东，山东，33） A. Not at all. B. Why not? C. Never mind. D. What of it? 跟踪练习跟踪练习 1. Could you please spare me some t
33、ime? Ive something to talk with you. Not now, _ time, perhaps. A. any other B. some C. other D. some other 2. The students have all made up their minds to gain a high mark _ difficulties. A. however B. whatever C. whenever D. whichever D. some other B. whatever 跟踪练习跟踪练习 3. I feel tired, Dad. Tired?
34、_? A. For what B. For which C. From which D. Of what 4. Why not join us in the game? _. A.No, you do the same B. Oh, thats all right C. Ok, coming D. Sure, please do D. Of what C. Ok, coming 跟踪练习跟踪练习 5. The boy wanted him to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not
35、to do C. not do it D. do not to 6. Would you like some wine? Yes, _. A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit A. not to C. a little 跟踪练习跟踪练习 7. How long has this book shop been in business? _ 1982. A. After B. In C. From D. Since 8. You are standing too near the camera. Can you move _. A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far D. Since B. a little farther
