1、To-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result Grammar and usage 1.Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. 2.The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 3.She signalled to
2、 her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. 4.We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year, said Miss Brown, so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake. Lead-in Anna is interviewing her teacher, Mr Li, about his
3、 experiences during a hurricane. Find the sentences with to-infinitives as attributives. Exploring the rules To-infinitives as attributives To-infinitives as attributives I was staying in Atlanta, and that was one of the cities to be hit. To-infinitives as attributives I was staying in Atlanta, and
4、that was one of the cities to be hit. To-infinitives as attributives I was staying in Atlanta, and that was one of the cities to be hit. The roads were blocked, so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside. To-infinitives as attributives I was staying in Atlanta, and that was one of the cities
5、to be hit. The roads were blocked, so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside. To-infinitives as attributives I was staying in Atlanta, and that was one of the cities to be hit. The roads were blocked, so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside. I had enough food and water to last a wh
6、ole week! To-infinitives as attributives I was staying in Atlanta, and that was one of the cities to be hit. The roads were blocked, so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside. I had enough food and water to last a whole week! Rule 1 When the to-infinitive is used as an attributive, it is oft
7、en put _ (before/after) the noun or pronoun it modifies. To-infinitives as attributives Rule 1 When the to-infinitive is used as an attributive, it is often put _ (before/after) the noun or pronoun it modifies. after To-infinitives as attributives What is the logical relationship? He is the best man
8、 to choose. What is the logical relationship? He is the best man to choose. subjectverb What is the logical relationship? He is the best man to choose. He is the best man to make the choice. subjectverb What is the logical relationship? He is the best man to choose. He is the best man to make the ch
9、oice. subjectverb verbobject What is the logical relationship? He is the best man to choose. He is the best man to make the choice. subjectverb verbobject He is the best man that we can choose. What is the logical relationship? A person needs just three things to be truly happy in the worldsomeone t
10、o love, something to do and something to hope for. What is the logical relationship? A person needs just three things to be truly happy in the worldsomeone to love, something to do and something to hope for. What is the logical relationship? verbobject A person needs just three things to be truly ha
11、ppy in the worldsomeone to love, something to do and something to hope for. Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools because they have to say something. What is the logical relationship? verbobject A person needs just three things to be truly happy in the worldsomeone to love, someth
12、ing to do and something to hope for. Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools because they have to say something. verbobject What is the logical relationship? verbobject Clint was the second person to survive in the earthquake. A person needs just three things to be truly happy in th
13、e worldsomeone to love, something to do and something to hope for. Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools because they have to say something. verbobject What is the logical relationship? verbobject Clint was the second person to survive in the earthquake. subjectverb A person needs
14、 just three things to be truly happy in the worldsomeone to love, something to do and something to hope for. Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools because they have to say something. verbobject What is the logical relationship? verbobject Clint was the second person to survive in
15、the earthquake. subjectverb A person needs just three things to be truly happy in the worldsomeone to love, something to do and something to hope for. Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools because they have to say something. verbobject The need to love and to be loved is universal
16、. In order to grow, people need to have a willingness to take risks and to accept the possibility that they may fail at first. What is the logical relationship? verbobject Clint was the second person to survive in the earthquake. subjectverb A person needs just three things to be truly happy in the
17、worldsomeone to love, something to do and something to hope for. Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools because they have to say something. verbobject The need to love and to be loved is universal. In order to grow, people need to have a willingness to take risks and to accept the
18、possibility that they may fail at first. apposition What is the logical relationship? verbobject The logical relationship between the to-infinitive as an attributive and the noun or pronoun it modifies: 1. Subjectverb 2. Verbobject 3. Apposition Practice 1. No other local beaches survived the disast
19、er without any loss of life besides Goldshore Beach. Rewrite the following sentences, using to-infinitive as attributives. Practice 1. No other local beaches survived the disaster without any loss of life besides Goldshore Beach. Goldshore Beach is the only local beach to survive the disaster withou
20、t any loss of life. Rewrite the following sentences, using to-infinitive as attributives. Practice 1. No other local beaches survived the disaster without any loss of life besides Goldshore Beach. Goldshore Beach is the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life. subjectverb R
21、ewrite the following sentences, using to-infinitive as attributives. 3. She expressed her wish. She wanted to go back after the flood struck her hometown. 2. Why dont you get a backpack? You can carry your disaster supplies in it. 3. She expressed her wish. She wanted to go back after the flood stru
22、ck her hometown. 2. Why dont you get a backpack? You can carry your disaster supplies in it. Why dont you get a backpack to carry your disaster supplies in? 3. She expressed her wish. She wanted to go back after the flood struck her hometown. 2. Why dont you get a backpack? You can carry your disast
23、er supplies in it. Why dont you get a backpack to carry your disaster supplies in? verbobject 3. She expressed her wish. She wanted to go back after the flood struck her hometown. She expressed her wish to go back after the flood struck her hometown. 2. Why dont you get a backpack? You can carry you
24、r disaster supplies in it. Why dont you get a backpack to carry your disaster supplies in? verbobject 3. She expressed her wish. She wanted to go back after the flood struck her hometown. She expressed her wish to go back after the flood struck her hometown. apposition 2. Why dont you get a backpack
25、? You can carry your disaster supplies in it. Why dont you get a backpack to carry your disaster supplies in? verbobject Anna is interviewing her teacher, Mr Li, about his experiences during a hurricane. Find the sentences with to-infinitives as attributives. Exploring the rules To-infinitives as ad
26、verbials of result To-infinitives as adverbials of result That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. To-infinitives as adverbials of result That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. To-
27、infinitives as adverbials of result When the wind and rain stopped, I looked out of the window, only to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere! That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. To-infinitives as adverbials of res
28、ult When the wind and rain stopped, I looked out of the window, only to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere! That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. Rule 2 When the to-infinitive is used as an adverbial of result, it
29、 can refer to an _ (expected/unexpected） result. In this case, we often use only before the to-infinitive. To-infinitives as adverbials of result Rule 2 When the to-infinitive is used as an adverbial of result, it can refer to an _ (expected/unexpected） result. In this case, we often use only before
30、 the to-infinitive. To-infinitives as adverbials of result unexpected To-infinitives as adverbial of result 1. Its never too late to learn. 2. I was fortunate enough to get the ticket. 3. Jane sang so well as to come out first in the singing competition. 4. He left home, never to return. To-infiniti
31、ves as adverbial of result 1. Its never too late to learn. too . to . 2. I was fortunate enough to get the ticket. 3. Jane sang so well as to come out first in the singing competition. 4. He left home, never to return. To-infinitives as adverbial of result 1. Its never too late to learn. too . to .
32、2. I was fortunate enough to get the ticket. . enough to . 3. Jane sang so well as to come out first in the singing competition. 4. He left home, never to return. To-infinitives as adverbial of result 1. Its never too late to learn. too . to . 2. I was fortunate enough to get the ticket. . enough to
33、 . 3. Jane sang so well as to come out first in the singing competition. so . as to . 4. He left home, never to return. To-infinitives as adverbial of result 1. Its never too late to learn. too . to . 2. I was fortunate enough to get the ticket. . enough to . 3. Jane sang so well as to come out firs
34、t in the singing competition. so . as to . 4. He left home, never to return. never to . To-infinitives as adverbial of _ To protect yourself from a typhoon, follow the proper safety procedures. During a typhoon, you should do your best to keep your head. Pay attention to news updates to confirm whet
35、her the danger is gone. ? To-infinitives as adverbial of _ To protect yourself from a typhoon, follow the proper safety procedures. During a typhoon, you should do your best to keep your head. Pay attention to news updates to confirm whether the danger is gone. purpose Practice 1 1. 我匆忙赶到家，结果发现所有的家具
36、都被洪水冲走了。我匆忙赶到家，结果发现所有的家具都被洪水冲走了。 I hurried home, _ _. 2. 她很漂亮，吸引了我们所有人。她很漂亮，吸引了我们所有人。 She is so beautiful _. 3. 这箱子太沉了，我挪都挪不动。这箱子太沉了，我挪都挪不动。 The box is too heavy _. 4. 不要逃避问题，要不要逃避问题，要想想成功，你得学会应对难题。成功，你得学会应对难题。 Dont avoid the problem. _, you have to tackle your difficulties. Complete the following s
37、entences. Practice 1 1. 我匆忙赶到家，结果发现所有的家具都被洪水冲走了。我匆忙赶到家，结果发现所有的家具都被洪水冲走了。 I hurried home, _ _. 2. 她很漂亮，吸引了我们所有人。她很漂亮，吸引了我们所有人。 She is so beautiful _. 3. 这箱子太沉了，我挪都挪不动。这箱子太沉了，我挪都挪不动。 The box is too heavy _. 4. 不要逃避问题，要不要逃避问题，要想想成功，你得学会应对难题。成功，你得学会应对难题。 Dont avoid the problem. _, you have to tackle you
38、r difficulties. only to find all the furniture had been washed away by the flood Complete the following sentences. Practice 1 1. 我匆忙赶到家，结果发现所有的家具都被洪水冲走了。我匆忙赶到家，结果发现所有的家具都被洪水冲走了。 I hurried home, _ _. 2. 她很漂亮，吸引了我们所有人。她很漂亮，吸引了我们所有人。 She is so beautiful _. 3. 这箱子太沉了，我挪都挪不动。这箱子太沉了，我挪都挪不动。 The box is too
39、 heavy _. 4. 不要逃避问题，要不要逃避问题，要想想成功，你得学会应对难题。成功，你得学会应对难题。 Dont avoid the problem. _, you have to tackle your difficulties. only to find all the furniture had been washed as to attract all of us away by the flood Complete the following sentences. Practice 1 1. 我匆忙赶到家，结果发现所有的家具都被洪水冲走了。我匆忙赶到家，结果发现所有的家具都被
40、洪水冲走了。 I hurried home, _ _. 2. 她很漂亮，吸引了我们所有人。她很漂亮，吸引了我们所有人。 She is so beautiful _. 3. 这箱子太沉了，我挪都挪不动。这箱子太沉了，我挪都挪不动。 The box is too heavy _. 4. 不要逃避问题，要不要逃避问题，要想想成功，你得学会应对难题。成功，你得学会应对难题。 Dont avoid the problem. _, you have to tackle your difficulties. only to find all the furniture had been washed as
41、to attract all of us for me to even move away by the flood Complete the following sentences. Practice 1 1. 我匆忙赶到家，结果发现所有的家具都被洪水冲走了。我匆忙赶到家，结果发现所有的家具都被洪水冲走了。 I hurried home, _ _. 2. 她很漂亮，吸引了我们所有人。她很漂亮，吸引了我们所有人。 She is so beautiful _. 3. 这箱子太沉了，我挪都挪不动。这箱子太沉了，我挪都挪不动。 The box is too heavy _. 4. 不要逃避问题，要不
42、要逃避问题，要想想成功，你得学会应对难题。成功，你得学会应对难题。 Dont avoid the problem. _, you have to tackle your difficulties. only to find all the furniture had been washed as to attract all of us for me to even move To succeed away by the flood Complete the following sentences. Practice 2 Rewrite the following sentences, usi
43、ng to-infinitive as adverbials. 1. We cannot stop natural disasters but we can arm ourselves with knowledge. In this way, we can make full preparations for disasters. Practice 2 Rewrite the following sentences, using to-infinitive as adverbials. 1. We cannot stop natural disasters but we can arm our
44、selves with knowledge. In this way, we can make full preparations for disasters. We cannot stop natural disasters but we can arm ourselves with knowledge so as to make full preparations for disasters. 2. The kids were very calm. They can protect themselves during the earthquake. 2. The kids were ver
45、y calm. They can protect themselves during the earthquake. The kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake. 3. Follow the proper safety procedures so that you can protect yourself from a typhoon. 2. The kids were very calm. They can protect themselves during the earthquake. The
46、 kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake. 3. Follow the proper safety procedures so that you can protect yourself from a typhoon. To protect yourself from a typhoon, follow the proper safety procedures. 2. The kids were very calm. They can protect themselves during the eart
47、hquake. The kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake. Task 1: Match the first half of the sentences below with the correct to-infinitives. Then try to understand the functions of the to-infinitives. Applying the rules 1. I went to the annual earthquake workshop 2. The author
48、ities told the local people 3. They arrived at the airport 4. Before we returned home, the flood damage needed 5. This was the last city a to be cleared of people before the volcano erupted. b to be repaired. c to stay inside when the typhoon arrived. d only to find the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm. e to learn some safety tips
