1、1 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害injury n损害；伤害injured adj.受伤的； 受损害的 2react vi.反应；作出反应 reaction n反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 3order n命令；顺序；规则 orderly adj.有秩序的；有条理的，整齐的 4confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准confirmation n确认，证明 5occur vi.发生，出现；存在于occurrence n发生；出现 6relief n宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济relieve v减轻；解除；使放 心 7inform vt.通知；了解，
2、熟悉information n信息；知识；情报informed adj.见多识广的；消息灵通的 1signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 This announcement signalled a clear change of policy.vt.预示；表明 Chest pains can be a warning signal of heart problems.n.信号 She signalled (that)it was time to leave.vi.示意 2exit vi.&vt.出去，离去，退场；退出 n出口，通道；离开 There is
3、a fire exit on each floor of the building.n.出口；通道 He made a quick exit to avoid meeting her.vi.离去，退场 As the actors exited the stage the lights went on.vt.退场，离去 3flood n洪水，水灾；大量 vi.& vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；流满 The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.n.洪水，水灾 Large numbers of immigrants flo
4、oded into the area.vi.涌入 If the pipe bursts it could flood the whole house.vt.淹没 Theres been a flood of low- fat and light ice creams on the market.n.大量 Words and Phrases 2 知识要点1 injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 (教材 P16) Only 5 students suffered slight injuries， despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 2
5、00 injured in the disaster area at large. 尽管目前整个灾区总体的伤亡数字是 7 人死亡， 200 多人受伤， 但(在这所学 校)只有 5 名学生受了轻伤。 例 1 Two- thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 他们当中三分之二的人在地震中或死或伤。 例 2 He injured his knee playing hockey. 他打曲棍球时膝盖受伤。 造句 撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。 Three people were killed and five injured
6、 in the crash. 归纳拓展 (1)injured adj. 受伤的 the injured 受伤的人；伤员 (2)injury n. (对躯体的)伤害，损伤；(对感情的)伤害，挫伤 do an injury to sb.do sb.an injury 伤害某人 即学即练 单句语法填空 I heard that her son was injured(injure)in the accident. Dont do that.Youll do yourself an injury(injure). Tom is playing in place of the injured (inju
7、re)John. 易混辨析 injure，wound，hurt，harm injure 指人在意外事故中受到的伤害，可用于无生命物体的损坏，更多用于对 人的某个部位的损伤。 wound 指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的 受伤。 hurt 指一般的肉体伤害， 尤指精神上或感情上的伤害。 此外 hurt 也可用作不 及物动词，意为“受伤”。 harm 特指伤及一个人或其心情、健康、权利、事业等，并使之产生痛苦、损 3 害或某种不幸遭遇。 选词填空 injure，wound，hurt，harm You really hurt me when you said I was
8、 selfish. In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were injured . Dont harm your eyes by reading in poor light. Luckily no one got wounded in the battle. 知识要点2 reaction n反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 (教材 P16) Her students reaction was quick and correctthey moved under their desks，head first，and held on to
9、the legs of the desks. 她的学生们反应迅速、正确他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌 腿。 例 1 There has been a mixed reaction to her appointment as director. 对她任命为主管一事，人们的反应褒贬不一。 例 2 I tried shaking him but there was no reaction. 我试着摇了摇他，但他一动不动。 造句 他对这消息有何反应？ What was his reaction to the news? 归纳拓展 react to sth. 对作出反应 react by doi
10、ng sth. 以方式作出反应 react against 反对，反抗 react with 与起化学反应 即学即练 单句语法填空 He was a little afraid of his fathers reaction(react). Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. The boy often reacts against his parents. 知识要点3 signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；信号灯；标 志 (教材 P16) She signalled to her students to
11、exit the classroom in an orderly line 4 covering their heads with their hands. 她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。 例 1 She signalled to Ted that she was moving forward. 她向特德示意她要向前走。 例 2 Kurdish leaders saw the visit as an important signal of support. 库尔德领导人把这次访问看作是表示支持的重要信号。 造句 他示意该走了。 He signalled that it was ti
12、me to leave. 归纳拓展 a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号 traffic signals 交通信号灯 signal (to)sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事 signal to sb. 向某人示意 signal (sb.)that. 示意(某人) 即学即练 单句语法填空 The guard seems to be signalling to us with his arm. The policeman signalled us to cross(cross)the road. Tom turned left at the traffic si
13、gnals(signal). The gentleman signalled to me with a smile. 易混辨析 signal，sign，symbol，mark signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。 sign 表示“告示，标记”时，侧重指用图形、文字等所表达的内容，另外 还可指“征兆，迹象”。 symbol 指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。 mark 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自 然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征，还可以指污点、污渍、分数、 成绩等。 选词填空 signal，sign，symbol，mark He ignored th
14、e traffic signals and caused the accident. Sir，you are not allowed to walk your pet on the lawn.Dont you see the sign 5 “Keep off the grass”？ The dove is the symbol of peace. Every coat in the shop has a price mark sewn on it. 知识要点4 confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 (教材 P16) After a roll call confirmed that a
15、ll were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后， 他们才放松下来， 笑啊， 哭啊， 互相拥抱着。 例 1 Has everyone confirmed (that)theyre coming? 他们是不是每个人都确认一定会来？ 例 2 The walk in the mountains confirmed his fear of heights. 在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。 造句 你能证实一下发生了什么事吗？ Can you confirm what h
16、appened? 归纳拓展 confirm sb.in. 使某人在方面更加坚定 confirm sb.in the belief that. 使某人坚信 It is/has been confirmed that. 已经确定 即学即练 单句语法填空 It has been confirmed(confirm)that he wasnt the person who stole your bike. Mr.Roberts，may I have your telephone number to confirm(confirm)the appointment tomorrow evening? Th
17、is latest information confirms(confirm)me in the belief that he is to blame. The latest evidence confirmed me in his honesty. 知识要点5 occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 (教材 P17) It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的征兆。 例 1 When exactly did the incident occur? 6
18、这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？ 例 2 If headaches only occur at night，lack of fresh air and oxygen is often the cause. 如果头痛只发生在晚上，缺少新鲜空气和氧气常常是其原因。 造句 我没想到要核对我的保险单。 It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy. 归纳拓展 (1)occur to sb. 某人突然想到；想起 It occurs to sb.that./to do. 某人突然想到 (2)表示“某人突然想到”还常用下列句型： It strikes
19、sb.that. It hits sb.that. 名师点津 occur 没有被动语态，不用于进行时。 occur 作谓语时，主语不能是人。 即学即练 单句语法填空 An excellent idea occurred(occur)to me when I woke up this morning. It didnt occur to her to ask(ask)for help. It didnt occur to him that she would refuse his invitation. This kind of disease occurred(occur)mainly in
20、the countryside in the past. 小片段助记 It didn t occur to him that his wife was having an affair.Suddenly，a question occurred to him， “When did it occur? And why？”It occurred to him to break up with her. 知识要点6 relief n宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 (教材 P17) To her great relief，the officer immediately realized the comin
21、g danger. 令她大为宽慰的是，这名官员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。 例 1 We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left. 7 他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。 例 2 Much to my relief the car was not damaged. 令我非常庆幸的是车并没有被损坏。 造句 能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。 It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it. 归纳拓展 (1)to ones (great)relief 使某人(大为)欣慰的是 What
22、 a relief! 可轻松了！ It is a relief to do sth. 做某事是令人欣慰的。 (2)relieve v. (疼痛、问题)减轻，缓解 relieve sb.of . 解除某人的负担 即学即练 单句语法填空 It is a great relief to have(have)rain after a long time of drought. The doctors treatment gave no relief(relieve)to the patient. To Macs relief，the animal fell back，shaking its head.
23、 You may ask your daughter to relieve you of some housework. 小片段助记 What a relief! The new secretary relieved us of some of the paperwork，so I breathed a sigh of relief.Much to my relief，I was relieved of work stress. 知识要点7 inform vt.通知；了解，熟悉 (教材 P19) Remember to inform yourself of what is going on.
24、记住要了解事态的进展。 例 1 I have been reliably informed that the couple will marry next year. 我得到可靠消息说他们俩明年结婚。 例 2 We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem. 我们需要时间对这个问题有个透彻的了解。 造句 他们将把自己所取得的任何进展都告诉他。 They would inform him of any progress they had made. 归纳拓展 (1)inform sb.of/about sth. 告知某人某事
25、8 inform sb.that. 通知某人 keep sb.informed of 随时告知某人 (2)information n. U信息 即学即练 单句语法填空 Thank you for keeping me informed(inform)of everything thats happening. The man often surfs the Internet to search for some information (inform). Having been informed(inform)many times，he still forgot the meeting. Di
26、d anyone inform you about/of the change of the plan? Sentence Patterns 重点句式1 when 用作并列连词 (教材 P16) Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to shake. 弗尔蒙特小学的校长爱丽丝 布朗正在上课，突然地板开始摇晃起来。 句式分析 句中用了“be doing.when.”这一固定句式， 意为“正在做某事， 这时”。 句中的 when 是并列连词， 意为“就在那时”。 相
27、当于 and then 或 and at the same time。 例 1 Newton was thinking about the question when an apple fell to the ground. 牛顿正在思考着这个问题，这时(突然)一个苹果落到地上。 例 2 He was sleeping when someone knocked at the door. 他正在睡觉，突然有人敲门。 造句 我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。 I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. 归纳拓展 when 作并列连词
28、时常用于以下句型中： (1)be doing.when. 正在做这时 (2)be about to do.when.be on the point of doing.when./be going to do.when. 9 正要做这时 (3)had hardly done.when. 刚做了这时 翻译 I was lying on my back(我正仰卧着)reading when I saw a snake. We had been asleep for only a few hours(我们刚睡了几个小时)when we heard a brisk knock on the bedroo
29、m door. 即学即练 单句语法填空 He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the gate. I was wandering(wander)through the streets when I caught sight of a tailors shop. We were about to start(start)when it began to rain. 重点句式2 the moment 引导时间状语从句 (教材 P16) The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sens
30、ed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 震动一停止，布朗小姐就感觉到这是全班同学逃跑的最佳时机。 句式分析 本句中用了 the moment 引导的时间状语从句，意为“一就”。 例 1 The moment I went in，Kate let out a cry of surprise. 我一进去，凯特就惊讶地叫了一声。 例 2 Dont get excited the moment you hear a criticism. 不要一听到批评就沉不住气。 造句 我一遇到他，他就企图向我借钱。 The moment
31、 I met him，he tried to borrow money from me. 归纳拓展 表示“一就”的结构有： on/uponn./doing sth. immediately/directly/once从句 the minute/the moment/the instant从句 hardly.when.；no sooner.than. 10 名师点津 当 hardly 和 no sooner 放在句首的时候，主句通常用部分倒装形式。主句常 用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。 翻译 On/Upon our arrival(一到达)，we were shown around the
32、company. Hardly had we begun the climb(我们刚一开始爬山)when the snow began to come down. 即学即练 单句语法填空 I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain. Upon returning(return)from Beijing，he began his research work. I fell in love with this city directly(direct)I saw it. Immediately(immediate)shed gone，I r
33、emembered her name. 1(教材 P16) After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other. 分析 此句为主从复合句。 after 引导时间状语从句，其中，that all were safe and sound 为宾语从句；主句为“ they relaxed ”，现在分词短语 “laughing， crying and hugging each other”作伴随状语。 译文 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们
34、才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互 相拥抱着。 2(教材 P17) Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life. 分析 此句为简单句。to survive the disaster without any loss of life 为动词 不定式作后置定语，修饰名词短语 the only local beach。 译文 在这场灾难中，金海岸是当地唯一没有人员伤亡的海滩。 3(教材 P17) However，Sabrina was certain that a terr
35、ible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. 分析 此句为主从复合句。其中 that 引导宾语从句。 译文 然而，萨布丽娜确信可怕的灾难即将来临，坚持要父母去找安全官 员谈谈。 11 教材 高考 1.Her students reaction was quick and correctthey moved under their desks， head first， and held on to the legs of the desks. (2020 浙江卷)In t
36、he past，there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads， says Mark Poch ， the Bellevue Transportation Departments traffic engineering manager. 2.After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed， laughing，crying and hugging each other. (2020 江苏卷)T
37、he daily number of newly cured and discharged( 出 院)patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases. 3.Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. (2020 天津卷)Once the book youve requested is delivered to the nearest branch ， they will inform you by e- mail，so you can pick it up. .单句语法填空 1A nu
38、mber of bombs have exploded，seriously injuring(injure)at least five people. 2She reacted by turning her back on him. 3He signalled to us to join(join)him. 4It has been confirmed that the singer will give a performance next week. 5It occurred(occur)to me that I could buy my mother a new coat on her b
39、irthday. 6Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem (should)be discussed(discuss)at the meeting. 7We are kept informed(inform)of what is happening in the world by reading newspapers and watching TV. 8I cant go out with all these dishes to wash(wash). 9The moment he returned from Europe，he set out to work
40、. 12 10To my great relief，they arrived home on time. .短语填空 at large；at the same time；hold on to；in case；safe and sound；a series of； occur to；keep ones head；to ones great relief；keep.informed of 1To my great relief，I passed the final exam. 2Please keep me informed of any developments. 3Try to keep yo
41、ur head and just tell me what happened. 4At last he accepted the opinion of the public at large 5Happily，all have returned safe and sound 6I told him how we had fought to hold on to the company. 7Its impossible to get everybody together at the same time 8In case you should need any help，heres my num
42、ber. 9 In a flash， it occurred to him that he had left his umbrella in the meeting room. 10Recently Tom has published a series of articles on the nature of modern society. .课文语法填空 An earthquake hit Falmont Primary School at 2：27 pm.on 17 March.Only 5 students suffered slight injuries.Alice Brown was
43、 teaching 1.when the floor began to shake.Her students moved under their desks， head first， and 2.held (hold)on to the legs of the desks.At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became 3.damaged(damage)during the shaking.4.The moment the shaking stopped，she signalled
44、to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads 5.with their hands.They reacted 6.correctly(correct)because they practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year.The kids were calm enough to protect 7.themselves (they)during the earthquake. On 20 December，a tsunami wa
45、s approaching Goldshore Beach，which was the only local beach 8.to survive(survive)the disaster without any loss of life.That is because Sabrina Andron， a 10yearold girl， helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis 9.learned(learn)in a Geography lesson.That day she was one o
46、f the happy tourists until she noticed something odd.It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of a ing(come)tsunami.She warned her parents of 13 the danger and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.The officer immediately realized the coming danger and cleared the beach in time.
