1、现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 一语态的基本概念和种类 1. 语态是动词的一种形式， 用来说明主语和谓语的关系。 英语的动词可分为主动语态主动语态(active voice)和被动语态被动语态(passive voice)。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态和被动语态可以相互转化。 She typed a letter. (主动，主语 She 是 type 动作的执行者) A letter was typed by her. （被动，主语 A letter 是 typed 动作的承受者） 2. 被动语态的概述被动语态的概
2、述 被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词及物动词才有被动语态。 二：被动语态的构成： 被动语态由“助动词助动词 be及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。 主动语态变被动语态的原则：主动语态变被动语态的原则： 三变三变：主语变为 by 短语，宾语变为主语，谓语由主动变为被动； 三不变三不变：原句意思不变，原句时态不变，原句主谓宾以外的成分不变。 三三：使用：使用被动语态的被动语态的情况情况 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stol
3、en last night. (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 四四：主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项 一）方法一）方法 :将主动结构中的宾语宾语变为被动结构中的主语主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结 构中的主语变为介词 by 的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该 by 短语)。 Li Lei planted the tree last year. The tree was planted b
4、y Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。 Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。 二）注意事项二）注意事项 1) 将含有复合宾语复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green yesterday. 注意：注意：表示“使、让”的动词 make, have 等，以及感官动
5、词 see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at 等，在主动语态中，接 不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带 to。 I saw him go into the teachers office. He was seen to go into the teachers office. 2) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加 to 或 for 留在动词之后；也可 将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种
6、用法。 He gave me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 3) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。She has never been operated on before. 4) 动词不定式的被动语态：即把 to do 变成 to be done 不同时态的被动形式：不同时态的被动形式： 一般 进行 完成 现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done 过去
7、was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done 过去将来 should/would be done 5）动词 believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think 等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：He was said to get hurt in the car accident. It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 巩固练习：巩固练习：把下列主动语
8、态改为被动语态把下列主动语态改为被动语态 1 We often use a recorder in our English class. 2 They will show a new film next week. 3 When did they build the house? 4 I saw the boy enter the room. 5 Will they show a new film next week? 6 Have they posted the letter yet? 7 We often see him help his classmate. 8 You must tur
9、n off the light before you go to be.d 9 Who is repairing the bike? 10 The student should learn all the texts by heart. 五、现在进行时的被动语态的基本结构五、现在进行时的被动语态的基本结构 当把现在进行时的主动语态的句子变为被动语态时，往往在 be 动词后加上一个 being 来体现现在进行时，然后再把动词 的现在分词形式变成过去分词来表示被动，即：be (am/is/are)beingdone。 肯定结构肯定结构 be(am/is/are) being done 否定结构否定
10、结构 be(am/is/are)+ not + being done 一般疑问结构一般疑问结构 be(am/is/are)+主语+ being done 特殊疑问结构特殊疑问结构 特殊疑问词+ be(am/is/are)+主语+ being done 考点一考点一 现在进行时的被动语态的基本用法现在进行时的被动语态的基本用法： 1. 表示正在进行或发生的被动动作，常与 now, look 等词连用。 2. 表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，这一被动动作在此时不一定正在发生。 3. 表示按计划、安排主语将要承受某个动作。 4. 表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与 always, f
11、orever, continually, constantly 等词连用，往往带有赞扬、责备、厌烦及 埋怨等感情色彩。 考点二考点二 现在进行时的被动语态的注意事项现在进行时的被动语态的注意事项： 1)有些动词的进行时的主动语态表示被动含义。如:The books are printing. 这些书正在印刷中。 2)有些表示感觉的动词(如 feel, taste, smell 等),用一般现在时表示被动含义;用现在进行时表示主动含义。如: The material feels soft. 这块布料质地柔软。I am feeling the material. 我在抚摸这块布料。 实战演习 1.
12、 Scientists will produce plastic materials from beans, but right now the new product_ in the lab. Ais being developed Bhas been developed Cis developing Dhas developed 2. Wine is the worlds favorite drink enjoyed on almost every occasion where great times_ with friends. Aare being shared Bis shared
13、Cshares Dshare 3Please dont enter the room, because it is . Ahas been painted Bis being painted Cis painted Dwill be painted 4What are you going to do this weekend? Im going to an exhibition of photographs which _ these days. Awill be held Bis holding Cwill hold Dis being held 5We have to hold the m
14、eeting in the small hall because the meeting room where we planned to hold the meeting _. Ais being decorated Bis decorating Cwill be decorated Dwill decorate 6Our supplies _, so we must get enough of them before none is left. Ahave run out Bhave been run out Care running out of Dare being used up 六
15、、六、 现在完成时的被动语态的构成现在完成时的被动语态的构成 1.现在完成时的被动语态的结构为 has/have been done, 使用 has been done 时主语为单数，使用 have been done 时主语为复数。 This book has been translated into many languages. His bikes have been sold out. 2.2. 现在完成时的被动语态的含义现在完成时的被动语态的含义 现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动动作，它有两层意思： (1)动作已完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。 (2)主语和谓语动词之间
16、为被动关系。 Our classroom has been cleaned: you neednt clean it now. 我们的教室已经打扫过，现在你没必要再打扫了。 3. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态的用法现在完成时的被动语态的用法 (1)用于不知道动作的执行者是谁时。His bike has been stolen. (不清楚是谁偷的) (2)用于动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。Not a book in the library has been taken away. (3)用于可以说出动作的执行者，但动作的承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时。 My watch has been re
17、paired. (表修好了是谈话的主旨，是谁修好的无关紧要，不必提及) (4)用于动作的执行者不是人时。 The house has been washed away by the storm. 4.4. 现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式 His homework hasnt been finished. 否定 Has this bridge been finished? 一般疑问 Why has he been praised by his teacher? 特殊疑问 实战演习 1.-Flight 302 to London_ until 7:30 tomorro
18、w morning. -No wonder I hear so many complaints from the passengers. A. has been delayed B. delay C. delayed D. will be delayed 2.The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt clean B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 3.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for t
19、he money-making jobs they _before leaving their hometowns. A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised 4.Millions of pounds worth of damage_ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have bee
20、n caused 5.We want to sit at the table near the window. -Im sorry, but it _already. A. has taken B. took C. was taken D. has been taken 6.Great changes _in my home town and a lot of factories_. A. have been taken place; are being set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; had b
21、een set up D. had taken place; will be set up 综合练习综合练习 1)Looking at the beef (cook) on the stove, the mother pictured the whole family having meals together. 2)In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility (consider) or has been put in place as an incentive for reducing waste. 3)
22、And it is not just robins that (keep) awake by artificial light. 4)Food supplies in the flood-stricken area (run out).We must act immediately before theres none left. 5)The new generation of computers, with artificial intelligence, (develop) and perfected now. 6)They are living with their parents fo
23、r the moment because their own house (rebuild). 7)It is believed that a new kind of drug (develop) by the scientists and they are hopeful that they will succeed in a couple of months. 8)A new hospital (build) here. We hope that it can be finished next month. 9)Whats that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell
24、you. The new machine (test). 10)I dont know what (do) by the children in the room now. 1.Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 2. It was reported that the murderer _ arres
25、ted. A. has been B. had been C. has D. had 3. -Have you moved into the new house? - Not yet, the rooms _. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. being painted 4. It _ whether she will get her work in the hospital. A. hasnt been decided B. isnt deciding C. doesnt decide D. hasnt decid
26、ed 5.The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C.is restoring D.is being restored 6.Youve failed to do what you to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected 7
27、.- “How about the dishes, Dear？” -“The beef didnt taste very good. It _ too long.” A. cooked B. had been cooked C. was cooked D. had cooked 8. The police found that the house _ and a lot of things _. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen 参考答案： 五 实战演习：AABDAD 六 实战演习： ADDADB 综合练习 1) being cooked 2) is being considered 3) are being kept 4) are running out 5) are being developed 6) is being built 7) is being developed 8) is being built 9)is being tested 10) is being done 1-8 DBAAD DBD
