1、,14 故 乡,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
2、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
3、路,状元成才路,1.了解本文的写作背景，理清小说的叙事线索和基本情节。（重点） 2.学习运用神态描写、细节描写等刻画人物的方法，用对比、议论突出主题的写法。（难点) 3.体会文中“我”对故乡的复杂情感和“我”探求人生道路的坚定信念，珍惜今天的幸福生活。(重点）,鲁迅（18811936），原名周樟寿，后改为周树人，字豫才，浙江绍兴人。我国现代伟大的文学家、思想家、革命家。1918年5月，第一次以“鲁迅”为笔名发表了中国文学史上第一篇白话小说狂人日记。其作品有小说集呐喊彷徨故事新编，散文集朝花夕拾，散文诗集野草，杂文集热风华盖集坟等。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
4、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
5、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,乡土文学又称乡土小说，它的出现溯源于鲁迅的故乡。上个世纪20年
6、代，现代文坛上出现了一批比较接近农村的年轻作家，他们的创作较多受到鲁迅影响，以农村生活为题材，以农民疾苦为主要内容，形成所谓“乡土文学”。代表作家有彭家煌、鲁彦、许杰、许钦文、王任叔、台静农、沙汀、艾芜等。,本文选自呐喊（鲁迅全集第一卷，人民文学出版社2005年版）。故乡的取材源于鲁迅1919年12月回故乡的亲身经历。1919年8月，鲁迅在北京买下了西直门内八道湾11号的住宅，结束了长期的会馆生活。同年12月，鲁迅回到故乡绍兴接母亲及家眷到北京。在故乡期间，鲁迅捡到了他幼年的伙伴农民章闰水。,他向鲁迅讲述了在农村做人做事难，一点东西拿出去卖总是要捐几回钱的悲惨处境，引起了鲁迅的深切同情。 这次
7、回故乡，鲁迅目睹了农村的破败和农民的凄苦，内心十分悲愤，1921年1月便以这次回家的经历为题材，以章闰水为原型，写了这篇小说。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
8、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
9、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,正音练习：给加色的字词注音。,阴晦（ ） 心绪（ ） 寓所（ ） 猹（ ） 獾（ ） 五行缺土（ ） 祭祀（ ） 弶（ ） 脚踝（ ） 潮汛（ ） 髀间（ ） 愕然（ ）,hu,x,y,ch,hun,xn,s,jin,hui,xn,b,鄙夷（ ） 嗤笑（ ） 瑟索（ ） 深黛（ ） 惘然（ ） 隔膜（ ） 恣睢（ ） 瓦楞（ ） 伶仃（ ） 萧索（ ） 秕谷（ ） 鹁鸪（ ） 苛税（ ） 潺潺（ ） 寒噤（ ）,b y,ch,s,di,wn,m,z su,ln,dn,
10、su,b,b ,k,chn,jn,词语解释,【阴晦】阴沉昏暗。 【萧索】荒凉、冷落的意思。 【家景】家庭的经济状况，也叫家境。 【无端】没有来由，无缘无故。 【苏生】苏醒，重现。 【伶仃】形容瘦弱或细长。 【鄙夷】看不起。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
11、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
12、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,【瑟索】即瑟缩，身体因寒冷而蜷缩、发抖。 【寒噤】因受冷或受惊而身体颤动。 【惘然】心里好像失去了什么的样子。 【隔膜】彼此思想感情不相通。 【展转】同“辗转”。原指身体翻来覆去，文中形容生活不安定，到处奔波。 【恣睢】放纵，放任。 【聚族而居】同族各家聚在一处居住。,阅读课文，思考： 小说以什么为线索来组织故事情节？梳理情节结构。,本文以“我”回到故乡的见闻和感受为线索，
13、着重描写了闰土和杨二嫂的今昔，从而反映了辛亥革命后十年间中国农民的生活遭际与精神疾苦，体现了作者对现实生活中人与人之间存在隔膜的深沉忧虑以及打破彼此隔膜、探求人生新路的执着信念。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
14、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
15、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,回故乡 （1-5自然段）,回乡时间：,回乡原因：,所见景象及心情：,在故乡 （6-77自然段）,到家那天：,过了三四天：,又过了九天：,离故乡 （78-88自然段）,船上谈话。,“我”的感受。,母子见面。,回忆少年闰土。,见到杨二嫂。,见到了闰土。,动身启程。,严寒的冬天。,卖屋、搬家。,萧索、悲凉。,开端,发展与高潮,结局,【故事情节】,回故乡,阅读15段，思考回答以下问题。 第1段中的“二千余里”和“二十余年”说
16、明了什么？ 请简要分析第3段，本段在文中起什么作用？ 此次回故乡“我”的印象如何？“我”的心情怎样？ 怎样理解“故乡本也如此，虽然没有进步，也未必有如我所感的悲凉”？,第1段中的“二千余里”和“二十余年”说明了什么？,说明了“我”与故乡的距离之远，分别的时间之久。侧面烘托出“我”对故乡的强烈思念之情。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
17、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
18、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,请简要分析第3段，本段在文中起什么作用？,反问：眼前的景象和记忆中的故乡反差巨大，一个反问句，表现了作者不想承认又不得不承认这个现实的复杂而又沉重的心情。 承上启下：悲凉的心绪变得更加沉重，也为下文写故乡今昔的对比做了铺垫和暗示。,此次回故乡“我”的印象如何？“我”的心情怎样？,故乡萧条冷落、破
19、败不堪、死气沉沉。“我”的心情悲凉。,怎样理解“故乡本也如此，虽然没有进步，也未必有如我所感的悲凉”？,眼前萧索的景象与“我”记忆中的故乡有很大的反差，本已看到故乡变坏，却又自我安慰，实则流露出一种忧愤之情。,作者千里迢迢回到阔别二十余年的故乡，体会到的不是激动、喜悦，而是悲哀，不仅是因为故乡的景的变化，还有就是故乡的人的变化，作者在文中主要塑造了哪些人物形象？,闰土、杨二嫂,在故乡,分析闰土、杨二嫂这两个人物： 文中采用什么描写方式刻画人物的？试圈点批划出这些文字。 刻画出两人物怎样的性格特点？采用了什么写作手法？有何作用？,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
20、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
21、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,闰土变化,肖像,紫色的圆脸 小毡帽 手红活圆实 颈套银项圈,很深的
22、皱纹 破毡帽 极薄的棉衣 手像松树皮 无银项圈,（健康开朗 朝气蓬勃）,（苍老贫困 饱经沧桑）,对比,语言,对比,乡间趣事 滔滔不绝 热情活泼 脱口而出,无聊的客套 生活的痛苦 吞吞吐吐 欲言又止,闰土变化,动作,对比,月夜刺猹 动作灵活身手敏捷 无拘无束,老友相见 手提纸包 拘束瑟缩 麻木迟钝,闰土变化,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
23、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
24、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,外貌描写,十一二岁，紫色圆脸，头戴小毡帽，颈套银项圈，一双红活圆实的手。,身材增加一倍，灰黄的脸，很深的皱纹，眼睛周围肿得通红，头戴破毡帽，身穿极薄棉衣，浑身瑟索着，手提一个纸包和一支长烟管，手又粗又笨而且开裂，像是松树皮。,动作描写,手捏钢叉、捕鸟，活泼刚健，动作干脆利落。,显得迟钝麻木。
25、,语言描写,说话脱口而出，有说不完的新鲜事。,说话吞吞吐吐，断断续续，喊我“老爷”，谦恭而又含糊。,刻画人物的方法,只是不怕我，送“我”贝壳和鸟毛，告诉“我”很多稀奇事。对“我”友好热情。,对“我”恭恭敬敬，喊“我”为老爷，和“我”之间隔了一层可悲的厚障壁了。,天真活泼，无忧无虑，热爱生活。,悲哀、痛苦，生活压得他喘不过气来。把生活的希望寄托在神灵身上。,天真活泼，无忧无虑，热情、纯真、质朴、懂得许多知识，有智有勇的小英雄形象。,善良忠厚、勤劳朴实、迟钝麻木、迷信、封建等级观念森严的木偶人。,多子，饥荒，苛税，兵，匪，官，绅，都苦得他像一个木偶人了。,深受帝国主义和封建主义的双重压迫以及封建等
26、级制度的毒害。,闰土变化的原因,表面原因：,深层原因：,闰土的遭遇正是当时广大受压迫、受剥削农民的具体写照。作者塑造这一形象的目的，也就在于揭示帝国主义、封建社会双重压迫给中国人民带来的灾害。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
27、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
28、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,杨二嫂是怎样一个人？小说是从哪些方面描写她的？,未见其人，先闻其声。,杨二嫂的变化,年轻漂亮端庄文静豆腐西施,尖刻自私势利贪婪的圆规,外貌描写,豆腐西施，擦着白粉，颧骨没有这么高，嘴唇没有这么薄，年轻漂亮。,凸颧骨，薄嘴唇，两手搭在髀间，没有系裙，张开两脚，正像一个画图仪器里细脚伶仃的圆规。,动作描写,终日坐着。,圆规一面愤愤地回转身，一面絮絮的说，慢慢向外走，顺便将我母亲的一副手套塞在裤腰里，出去了；
29、拿着狗气杀飞也似的跑了；顺手牵羊，又偷又抢。,刻画人物的方法,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
30、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
31、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,抱过我。,对“我”说话尖酸刻薄。,语言描写,对“我”的态度,终日坐着，不怎么说话。,“不认识了么？我还抱过你咧”“忘了？这真是贵人眼高”“阿呀呀，你放了道台了”“阿呀阿呀，真是愈有钱，便愈是一毫不肯放松”,虽靠姿色招揽顾，但终日坐着较为安分守己。,顺手牵羊偷“我”母亲的手套，搬弄事非，前天伊在灰堆里掏出十多个碗碟，定说是闰土埋着的，贼喊捉贼。,安分守己的豆腐西施。,自私、尖刻、贪婪、势利，爱搬弄是非，爱唠叨，想方设法从“我”的搬家中捞点东西 ，泼悍庸俗的小市民的形象 。,杨二嫂为什么也发生这么大的变化？,农村经济衰败、生活的贫困、小
32、市民势利贪婪（或：市侩）的恶习使她发生了这么大的变化。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
33、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
34、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,端庄文静的 豆腐西施,放纵刻薄自 私的圆规,勇敢机智天 真的小英雄,苍老麻木守 旧的木偶人,情同手足,厚障壁,小说通过对比手法的运用，表现闰土和杨二嫂在二十多年里发生的巨大变化，说明辛亥革命前后农村经济衰败，农民和小市民生活的贫困，封建社会传统观念对人们的精神毒害，造成人们纯真的人性被扭曲。作者塑造这两个人物形象，真切地抒发了对现实社会的不满，希望有新的生活的炽热感情。,文中有许多描写“我”的心情的句子，分析“我”的心情是如何变化的？,回故乡急切 见故乡悲凉 忆故乡沉重、忧愤 忆闰土高兴、佩服、依依不舍 见杨二嫂惊吓、困窘 见闰土兴奋、惊
35、异、悲哀 离故乡失望、气闷、悲哀、憧憬未来,离故乡,“故乡的山水也都渐渐远离了我，但我却并不感到怎样的留恋”这是为什么？,因为“我”对故乡的现实（即人与事）感到失望，故乡没有给“我”留下好印象。,结合以下问题分析，“我”是一个怎样的人？,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
36、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
37、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,“我只觉得我四面有看不见的高墙，将我隔成孤身，使我非常气闷”中的“高墙”指什么？,“高墙”是比喻。指封建思想，等级观念毒害下造成人与人之间的冷淡隔膜。因“我”对故乡的期望与故乡的现实相去甚远，因“我”与故乡的人们有较深的隔膜，所以“我”的四面好像竖起了高墙。此句充满哲理，极好地深化了主题。,“我”是一个怎样的人？,“我”二十多年前远离故乡，过着辛苦辗转的生活。
38、回到故乡，看到故乡的衰败萧索，看到故乡人的生活穷困悲苦，看到故乡人纯真人性的扭曲感到痛苦悲哀。但“我”对故乡的未来有着美好的憧憬。“我”希望故乡人过上新的生活。所以说“我”不是消沉的知识分子，而是一个同情、热爱劳动人民的、追求新生活，心怀希望的、具有民主进步思想倾向的小资产阶级知识分子形象。,1.我希望他们不再像我，又大家隔膜起来然而我又不愿意他们因为要一气，都如我的辛苦展转而生活，也不愿意他们都如闰土的辛苦麻木而生活，也不愿意都如别人的辛苦恣睢而生活。他们应该有新的生活，为我们所未经生活过的。,语言品读,辛苦展转，像“我”那样异地谋生，到处奔波，生活不安定。辛苦麻木，像闰土那样在社会的重压下
39、贫困艰辛，精神麻木。辛苦恣睢，像杨二嫂那样生活每况愈下而自私、尖刻、贪婪。全句表达了作者希望“应该有新生活”的强烈愿望。,2.我只觉得我四面有看不见的高墙，将我隔成孤身，使我非常气闷；那西瓜地上的银项圈的小英雄的影像，我本来十分清楚，现在却忽地模糊了，又使我非常的悲哀。,儿时对故乡的美好记忆已被残酷的生活现实打得粉碎。闰土的辛苦麻木，杨二嫂的贪婪市侩，人与人之间的隔膜，永别故土、漂泊异乡的孤苦，使“我”陷入“非常气闷”又“非常的悲哀”的心境之中。“我”相信故乡会好的，但总觉得美好的未来很渺茫，以至于眼前曾有的影像都模糊起来了。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
40、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
41、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.我想到希望，忽然害怕起来了。,因为鲁迅当时还不是阶级论者，对于
42、美好的希望、新的生活究竟是什么，还说不清楚；希望什么时候能实现，中间要经历多少斗争和流血牺牲，也说不清楚；所以想到希望，“我”便“忽然害怕起来了”。,思考：想到希望“我”为什么会“忽然害怕起来了”？,4.我想：希望是本无所谓有，无所谓无的。这正如地上的路；其实地上本没有路，走的人多了，也便成了路。,运用比喻的修辞手法，把希望比作地上的路，形象生动，充满哲理。它告诉我们：只空有希望而不奋斗、追求，希望便“无所谓有”；有了希望并始终不渝地为之斗争、实践，希望便“无所谓无”；人们都向着希望之路奔跑，就会迎来新的生活。结尾深化主题，给人鼓舞和信心。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
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44、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.“远近横着几个萧索的荒村”一句中的“横”字能否换
45、成“卧”或者“躺”呢？说说你的理由。,不能。句中的“横”字形象地描绘了故乡七零八落、乱七八糟的情形，贴切地勾画出荒村衰败的景象；“卧”字运用了拟人手法，具有情态美，与故乡毫无生气的情境不相符合；“躺”字则没有零落之意。所以，这两个词都没有原来的“横”字好。,2.分析课文，你认为文中的“我”是一个怎样的形象？课文主要采用了什么描写方法刻画“我”的形象？,小说中的人物是经过艺术加工的人物形象，“我”不等于鲁迅本人，“我”是小说的一个线索性人物。同时“我”是一个同情、热爱劳动人民的具有民主思想倾向的知识分子的形象。,“我”为寻找新的生活，过着辛苦辗转的生活，看到故乡惨淡的情景，“我”感到悲哀、失望，
46、但又不甘心这样生活下去，为故乡的远景构制着蓝图，憧憬着美好的生活。 文中对“我”的形象的刻画，主要采用了心理描写的方法。,3.故乡从多方面向读者展示了其思想内涵，请讨论一下，本文蕴含了哪些复杂的思想？,小说表现了旧时代中国社会的愚昧、落后、贫穷的轮回。从闰土父子和杨二嫂身上可以看出这样轮回的影子。,小说还表现了受封建社会传统观念的影响，劳苦大众精神上受到束缚，纯真的人性被扭曲的思想内涵。,小说表现了人的生命和活力被扼杀这一思想内涵。闰土从少年到中年的变化就说明了这一点。 小说结尾还表达了对新生活的殷切希望：渴望打破封建社会尊卑秩序；渴望建立超越庸俗的物质关系的纯真人际关系；鼓励人们勇往直前，为
47、新生活努力奋斗等。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
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49、成才路,状元成才路,故 乡,回故乡：萧条景况 悲凉心情,在故乡,离故乡：打破隔膜 探求新路,老屋冷寂 母亲凄凉 少年闰土 活泼可爱 豆腐西施 尖酸刻薄 中年闰土 愚昧麻木,改造旧社会 创造新生活,1.运用对比，突出主题。,“萧索”的“荒村”与海边沙地“神异的图画”，是景物的对比；少年闰土与中年闰土，“豆腐西施”与“圆规”，是人物今昔的对比；闰土与杨二嫂是典型人物的对比。各方面的对比，有力地突出了“旧中国农村生活日益贫困，人与人之间感情日趋冷漠”这一主题，也抒发了“我”对未来生活的期盼和向往。,2.肖像描写，表现人物性格。,少年闰土的肖像是：“红活圆实的手”“紫色的圆脸，头戴一顶小毡帽，颈上套一个明晃晃的银项圈”。淡淡几笔就把一个健康活泼的农家少年的特征描绘出来了。,中年闰土的肖像是：手“又粗又笨而且开裂，像是松树皮”；脸“灰黄，而且加上了很深的皱纹”
