1、【高中语法】 非谓语动词 英语英语语法框框架架 语法知识 语音 音素 音节 五种语音现象 句法 词法 九大词类动词 词 汇搭配 时态 两大语态 三类非谓语动词 并列句 复 合句 特殊句式 主谓一 致 八种句子成分 四类句子 五种简单句 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句 动词不定式 动名词 分词 现在分词 过去分词 独立主格结构 CONTENTS 非谓语动非谓语动词词 01 动词不定动词不定式式 Infinitive 动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式由 “to 动词原形”构成； 也可以由 “who, what, which 等疑问词+ to do”构成。 There is no fixed tim
2、e to offer forgiveness. I dont know what to do. I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. To lose your heart means f a i l u r e. 主语 Her job is to clean the hall. 表语 I w a n t t o learn English. 宾语 He a s k s m e to help Anna. 宾补 This is the key to open the front door. 定语 He w o r k e d a y an
3、d night to get the money. 状语 小结小结： 不定式除了充当谓语不定式除了充当谓语， 其他成分都可以其他成分都可以！ 动词不定式动词不定式 A. won C. To win B. has won D. winning 【解析】句意为“中国作家曹文轩2016年被授予了安徒生奖，成 为了获得该奖项的第一个中国人”。名词前有序数词(e.g. first/ last)修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。故选C。 Chinese writer Cao Wenxuan was awarded the Christian Anderson Award in 2016, making hims
4、elf the first Chinese such a prize. 模拟题解析模拟题解析 A. won C. To win B. has won D. winning 【解析】句意为“中国作家曹文轩2016年被授予了安徒生奖，成 为了获得该奖项的第一个中国人”。名词前有序数词(e.g. first/ last)修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。故选C。 Chinese writer Cao Wenxuan was awarded the Christian Anderson Award in 2016, making himself the first Chinese Csuch a prize
5、. 模拟题解析模拟题解析 动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式的逻辑主语：动词不定式中动作的执行和体现者。 (1) “for sb. to do sth.”结构中，sb.是不定式的逻辑主语 Its very important for us to drink water every day. (2)“Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth.”结构中，sb.是不定式的 逻 辑主语 Its very kind of you to help me. 动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式的时态时态： (1)一般一般时时 (to do) I am glad to see you. (2)进行
6、进行时时 (to be doing)：强调动作与谓语正在同时同时发生 I amglad to be talking with you. (3)完成完成时时 (to have done)：表示动作发生在谓语动词之之前前 Alicia Keys i s s ai dt o have finished her next album. 动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式的被动语态被动语态：不定式的逻辑主语是动词的承受者 (1)to be done More work still needs to be done. (2)to have been done: 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前 These boo
7、ks aesadt oirhave been given to students. “It seems that she was there at the conference.” The sentence means that . A. she seems to be there at the conference B. she seemed to be there at the conference C. she seems to have been there at the conference D. she seemed to being there at the conference
8、 【解析】不定式的动作(be there)发生在谓语动词(seem)之前。 真题解析真题解析 “It seems that she was there at the conference.” The sentence means that C. A. she seems to be there at the conference B. she seemed to be there at the conference C. she seems to have been there at the conference D. she seemed to being there at the conf
9、erence 【解析】不定式的动作(be there)发生在谓语动词(seem)之前。 真题解析真题解析 【2014阅读】 Initially each bar had to be packed into its 4-ounce mold by hand. 最初，每条巧克力都必须用手将其包装在4盎司重的模具中。 【2015阅读】 Books in various languages are to be found in the foreign languages bookstore. 在外文书店可以找到各种语言的书。 动词不定式动词不定式 【2017阅读】 A man named Charle
10、s Nagreen is claimed to have served hamburger sandwiches in 1885. 1885年，一名叫查尔斯纳格林的男子被声称曾提供汉堡三明治。 【2014阅读】 The term seems to have originated in online feminist forums. 这个词似乎起源于网络女权论坛。 动词不定式动词不定式 02 动名动名词词 Gerund 动名词动名词 动名词由“动词原形 + -ing”构成，兼有动词和名词特征； Saving is getting. Seeing is believing. (1) 用作主语 Fi
11、nding work is difficult these days. (2) 用作表语 My favorite sport is swimming. 不定式和动名词均可用作主语和表语，两者的区别是不定式和动名词均可用作主语和表语，两者的区别是： 动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念。 不定式则多表示具体的、一次性的动作。 动名词动名词 (3) 用作宾语 Excuse me for coming late. Most students enjoy asking questions in English. (4) 用作宾语补足语 Can we call this serving mankind? I c
12、all this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 动名词用作宾语补足语时，主要动词通常动名词用作宾语补足语时，主要动词通常是是 call 。 动名词动名词 (5) 用作定语 小结小结： 动名词除了谓语和状语动名词除了谓语和状语， 其他成分都可以其他成分都可以！ We need a new working method. The doctor told me not to take sleeping pills. 动名词动名词 A. His having made C. His has made B. he having made D. he has made 【解析】V-
13、ing形式做主语是动名词，具有名词的属性，所以代词 用形容词性物主代词his。 the same mistakes in the annual financial report again made his boss very angry. 真题解析真题解析 A. His having made C. His has made B. he having made D. he has made 【解析】V-ing形式做主语是动名词，具有名词的属性，所以代词 用形容词性物主代词his。 Athe same mistakes in the annual financial report again
14、made his boss very angry. 真题解析真题解析 03 分分词词 Participle 现在分词 过去分词 独立主格结构 现在分词“动词原形ing” 过去分词“原形动词ed” falling leaves fallen leaves boiling water boiled water 分词分词 现在分词和过去分词的区别 (1) 现在分词表示主动主动，过去分词表示被被动动 a moving film a moved audience (2) 现在分词表示进行进行，过去分词表示完完成成 a developing country a developed country 感人的电
15、影 被感动的观众 发展中国家 发达国家 分词分词 分词的用法 (1) 分词作表语 This course is very interesting. Im very satisfied with your answer. (2) 作定语 I found him a charming person. She had a pleased look on her face. 分词分词 分词分词 分词的用法 (3) 作状语 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.
16、 (4) 作补语 I see him passing my house everyday. When they get back home, they found the room robbed. B. Tom broken the glass D. Tom broke the glass 【解析】“be+过去分词”结构不全是被动语态，有些动词（如 be, feel, look, seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表 语表示状态。本题中由问句中的happened可知是表示过去的状态， 所以答句应为：The glass was broken（玻璃杯碎了。） - What happene
17、d to the glass? - . A. The glass was broken C. The glass is broken 真题解析真题解析 B. Tom broken the glass D. Tom broke the glass 【解析】“be+过去分词”结构不全是被动语态，有些动词（如 be, feel, look, seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表 语表示状态。本题中由问句中的happened可知是表示过去的状态， 所以答句应为：The glass was broken（玻璃杯碎了。） - What happened to the glass? - A. A.
18、 The glass was broken C. The glass is broken 真题解析真题解析 A. abandoned C. abandoning B. to abandon D. abandons 【解析】句意为“当火焰和浓烟充满整个印度医院时，医护人员都 迅速撤离，抛下他们的父母在大火里，造成了89人死亡”。医护人 员逃走与抛下他们的父母同时发生，故用现在分词abandoning来 做前面句子的状语。 Medical staff fled as flames and smoke filled an Indian hospital, their parents to a fir
19、e, which killed 89 people. 模拟题解析模拟题解析 A. abandoned C. abandoning B. to abandon D. abandons 【解析】句意为“当火焰和浓烟充满整个印度医院时，医护人员都 迅速撤离，抛下他们的父母在大火里，造成了89人死亡”。医护人 员逃走与抛下他们的父母同时发生，故用现在分词abandoning来 做前面句子的状语。 Medical staff fled as flames and smoke filled an Indian hospital, Ctheir parents to a fire, which killed
20、 89 people. 模拟题解析模拟题解析 分词分词 现在分词有不同的时态时态和语态语态。 (1) 时态可以分为一般式和完成式 (2) 语态可以分为主动语态和被动语态 主主动动被被动动 一般式 (表进行) doingbeing done 完成式having donehaving been done (1) Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. (2) Having finished her homework, she went out. (3) Being painted, my house looked in a mess. (4) Having be
21、en told the bad news, Mia sat down and cried. 分词分词 主主动动被被动动 一般式 (表进行)doingbeing done 完成式having done having been done A. Giving C. To give B. Given D. being given 【解析】investigators和give之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式作条 件状语。句意为“如果给调查者足够的时间和资金，他们就可以在这个 案子中发现更多的证据了”。 enough time and money, the investigators would have
22、 been able to discover more evidence in this case. 真题解析真题解析 A. Giving C. To give B. Given D. being given 【解析】investigators和give之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式作条 件状语。句意为“如果给调查者足够的时间和资金，他们就可以在这个 案子中发现更多的证据了”。 Benough time and money, the investigators would have been able to discover more evidence in this case. 真题解析真
23、题解析 A. being C. to be B. been D. having been 【解析】分析句意可知，前后无目的关系，排除C项；句子主语This crop与空格处的原动词逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随 状语。句意为这种农作物和先前的那种农作物特性相似，抗倒伏， 并且适应同类土壤”。 This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, both wind resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. 模拟题解析模拟题解析 A. being C. to be B. been D
24、. having been 【解析】分析句意可知，前后无目的关系，排除C项；句子主语This crop与空格处的原动词逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随 状语。句意为这种农作物和先前的那种农作物特性相似，抗倒伏， 并且适应同类土壤”。 This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, A both wind resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. 模拟题解析模拟题解析 独立主格结构独立主格结构：分词短语有它自己的主语时使用独立主格结构。 Whether permitting, w
25、e will go on a picnic. The meeting being over, we went home. All the money gone, they have to look for jobs again. 分词分词 All the flightsbecause of the hurricane， they decided to take the train instead. A. had been canceled C. have been canceled B. having canceled D. having been canceled 【解析】前半部分的逻辑主语
26、是all the flights，而句子的主语是 they，属于独立主格结构。flights与cancel构成被动关系，且是 已经完成的动作，所以使用完成被动式。 真题解析真题解析 All the flightsbecause of the hurricane， they decided to take the train instead. A. had been canceled C. have been canceled B. having canceled D. having been canceled 【解析】前半部分的逻辑主语是all the flights，而句子的主语是 they
27、，属于独立主格结构。flights与cancel构成被动关系，且是 已经完成的动作，所以使用完成被动式。 D 真题解析真题解析 All her time A. devoted to do research, the scientist has no time for films. B. is devoted to doing C. devoting to doingD. devoted to doing 【解析】句意为“那位科学家把所有时间都投入了研究，没有时间 看电影了 ”。前半句的逻辑主语是all her time，与主句主语the scientist不一致，因此为独立主格结构。time与
28、devote之间是被动 关系，构成 devote all her time to doing .结构。 模拟题解析模拟题解析 All her time A. devoted to do research, the scientist has no time for films. B. is devoted to doing C. devoting to doingD. devoted to doing 【解析】句意为“那位科学家把所有时间都投入了研究，没有时间 看电影了 ”。前半句的逻辑主语是all her time，与主句主语the scientist不一致，因此为独立主格结构。time与devote之间是被动 关系，构成 devote all her time to doing .结构。 D 模拟题解析模拟题解析 谢谢观谢谢观看看 下节课再下节课再见见
