1、【高中语法】 特殊句型（一） CONTENTS 独立主独立主格格 01 倒装倒装 Inversion 倒装倒装Invertion 倒装 (invertion) 指 全部或部分谓语 放在 主语之前 的现象。 (1)全部倒装全部倒装：将 全部谓语 置于主语之前。 a. here/there/how/then等adv. + 谓语 + 主语 Here comes the bus!There goes the bell. b. 表声音、处所等意义的adv. + go/come/rush/fly等vi. + 主语 Away flew the birds.Out went the children. 【注意
2、】主语为【注意】主语为pron.时，不用倒装时，不用倒装。 倒装倒装Invertion 倒装 (invertion) 指 全部或部分谓语 放在 主语之前 的现象。 (1) 全部倒装：全部倒装：将 全部谓语 置于主语之前。 c. 表地点的表地点的prep.及短及短语语 + 谓谓语语 + 主主语语 Between the two buildings stands a tall pine. d. 直接引语 + said + 主语 “Are you listening to English on the radio?” said Mother. e. 简短回答：So/Neither/Nor + 谓语
3、+ 主语 - I am hungry.-So am I. 真题解析真题解析 to be foundIn the foreign languages bookstore books in various languages. A. isB. is beenC. areD. are been 【解析】句意：在外语书店里可以找到各种语言的书。当表示地 点的介词短语位于句首时，句子要用全倒装。In the foreign languages bookstore为表示地点的介词短语，放在了句首，故 需将句子的主谓倒装。 真题解析真题解析 to be foundIn the foreign languag
4、es bookstore books in various languages. A. isB. is beenC. areD. are been 【解析】句意：在外语书店里可以找到各种语言的书。当表示地 点的介词短语位于句首时，句子要用全倒装。In the foreign languages bookstore为表示地点的介词短语，放在了句首，故 需将句子的主谓倒装。 C 真题解析真题解析 who had arrested him three times for smuggling. A. Before John stood the policeman B. Before the polic
5、eman stood John C. Before the policeman John stood D. Before John the policeman stood 【解析】当句首为表示地点的介词词组时，句子要全部倒装。由语境可 知，由关系代词who引导的定语从句，其先行词为policeman。定语从 句中的先行词一般出现在关系代词前，故选A。 真题解析真题解析 A who had arrested him three times for smuggling. A. Before John stood the policeman B. Before the policeman stood
6、 John C. Before the policeman John stood D. Before John the policeman stood 【解析】当句首为表示地点的介词词组时，句子要全部倒装。由语境可 知，由关系代词who引导的定语从句，其先行词为policeman。定语从 句中的先行词一般出现在关系代词前，故选A。 倒装倒装Invertion 倒装 (invertion) 指 全部或部分谓语 放在 主语之前 的现象。 (2)部分倒装：部分倒装：将 部分谓部分谓语语 (助动词、情态动词助动词、情态动词) 置于主语之前。 a. only修饰的状语 + 部分倒装 Only then
7、did I realize the importance of English. Only in this way can we improve. 模拟题解析模拟题解析 A. we can have C. we have B. can we have D. have we 【解析】句意为“只有一起努力，我们才能有一个更好的居住环境”。 “Only +状语”放在句首时，主句用部分倒装，故选B。 Only with joint efforts a better living environment. 模拟题解析模拟题解析 A. we can have C. we have B. can we ha
8、ve D. have we 【解析】句意为“只有一起努力，我们才能有一个更好的居住环境”。 “Only +状语”放在句首时，主句用部分倒装，故选B。 Only with joint efforts Ba better living environment. 倒装倒装Invertion 倒装 (invertion) 指 全部或部分谓语 放在 主语之前 的现象。 (2)部分倒装：部分倒装：将 部分谓部分谓语语 (助动词、情态动词助动词、情态动词) 置于主语之前。 b. never/not until/by no means等否定开头的短语+ 部分倒装 Not until midnight did
9、it stop raining. By no means will this method produce satisfactory results. c. 表祝愿的句子 May you have a pleasant trip! 真题解析真题解析 Not a single wordwhen he was forced to leave home and joined the army in 1937. A. did Mark leave C. did leave Mark B. left Mark D. Mark left 【解析】Not是否定词，置于句首后句子需要采用部分倒装的形 式，故选
10、A。 真题解析真题解析 Not a single wordwhen he was forced to leave home and joined the army in 1937. A. did Mark leave C. did leave Mark B. left Mark D. Mark left 【解析】Not是否定词，置于句首后句子需要采用部分倒装的形 式，故选A。 A 倒装倒装Invertion 倒装 (invertion) 指 全部或部分谓语 放在 主语之前 的现象。 (2) 部分倒装：部分倒装：将 部分谓部分谓语语 (助动词、情态动词助动词、情态动词) 置于主语之前。 c. S
11、o/Such . + 部分倒装 + that . So easy is it that a boy can learn it. So rapidly did he speak that we could hardly understand him clearly. 真题解析真题解析 advance seems to be following advance on almost a monthly basis. A. So rapid is the rate of progress that B. Rapid as the rate of progress is that C. So rapid
12、 is the rate of progress as D. Rapid as the rate of progress as 【解析】so/such . that . 结构中部分倒装。句意为“进展速度 如此之快，看起来几乎每个月都有进展。 真题解析真题解析 Aadvance seems to be following advance on almost a monthly basis. A. So rapid is the rate of progress that B. Rapid as the rate of progress is that C. So rapid is the rat
13、e of progress as D. Rapid as the rate of progress as 【解析】so/such . that . 结构中部分倒装。句意为“进展速度 如此之快，看起来几乎每个月都有进展。 倒装 (invertion) 指 全部或部分谓语 放在 主语之前 的现象。 前置 (fronting) 指宾语、表语、状语等句子成分前移到主语之前。 表语或状表语或状语语 + as/though + 主语 + 谓语, + 主句 Tired as/though he was, he went on working. Child as/though she is, she know
14、s a great deal. 倒装倒装Invertionvs.前置前置 Fronting 真题解析真题解析 A. he failed C. he did fail B. did he fail D. had he fail 【解析】as/though引导的让步从句，though引导的可以倒装也 可不倒装，as引导的必须将表语或状语提前（形容词，副词，分 词，实义动词提前）。 Again as in this experiment, he didnt lose heart. 真题解析真题解析 A. he failed C. he did fail B. did he fail D. had h
15、e fail 【解析】as/though引导的让步从句，though引导的可以倒装也 可不倒装，as引导的必须将表语或状语提前（形容词，副词，分 词，实义动词提前）。 Again as Ain this experiment, he didnt lose heart. 02 省略省略句句 Ellipsis 省略省略Ellipsis 省略 (ellipsis) 指将句子中某些成分省去，使语言精炼的语法手段。 (1) 简单句中 请判断下列句子省略了什么成分？ Thank you for your help. Anybody need help? This way, please. Understa
16、nd? 省略主语 省略部分谓语(助动词) 省略主语和谓语 省略主语和部分谓语 You are a college student, arent you?省略表语 省略省略Ellipsis A group of young boys and girls are dancing on the meadow below the hill. They shook hands and began to talk at once. 省略 (ellipsis) 指将句子中某些成分省去，使语言精炼的语法手段。 (2) 并列句中 判断下列句子省略了什么成分 Some of us study French, ot
17、hers German.省略谓语 省略定语 省略主语 Lets do the dishes. Ill wash and you dry.省略宾语 真题解析真题解析 A. Mary play the violin C. Mary can play B. Mary can the violin D. Mary the violin 【解析】在并列分句中，相同的谓语部分一般都可以省略。句意 为“约翰会弹吉他，玛丽会拉小提琴”。 John can play the guitar, and . 真题解析真题解析 A. Mary play the violin C. Mary can play B. Ma
18、ry can the violin D. Mary the violin 【解析】在并列分句中，相同的谓语部分一般都可以省略。句意 为“约翰会弹吉他，玛丽会拉小提琴”。 John can play the guitar, and D. 省略省略Ellipsis 省略 (ellipsis) 指将句子中某些成分省去，使语言精炼的语法手段。 (2) 从句中a. 名词性从句 补充下列句子省略的成分 He came to see me once, but I dont remember when.(he came to see me). Somebody has taken away my dictio
19、nary by mistake, but I dont know who. (has taken away my dictionary). You were late again, and I hope you will explain why. (you were late). 省略省略Ellipsis Look out for cars when crossing the street. Lucy hurriedly left the room as if angry. 判断下列从句省略了什么成分并补充完整 (you are) 省略 (ellipsis) 指将句子中某些成分省去，使语言精炼
20、的语法手段。 (2) 从句中b. 状语从句 (they are) Thoughreduced in numbers, they are still strong. (she was) 省略主谓 省略主谓 省略主谓 (it is) If necessary I will have the paper copied.省略主谓 省略省略Ellipsis They have got more than is necessary. It was not so hot yesterday as today. 判断下列从句省略了什么成分并补充完整 (what) 省略 (ellipsis) 指将句子中某些成分
21、省去，使语言精炼的语法手段。 (2) 从句中b. 状语从句 (has lived) He has lived here longer than I . (it is) 省略主语 省略谓语 省略主谓 真题解析真题解析 A. crossing C. crossed B. cross D. to cross 【解析】当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be 动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，即题中从句中的 crossing为he was crossing的省略。 Toms school was on the other side of the road, so he was to
22、ld to watch out for cars when the street. 真题解析真题解析 A. crossing C. crossed B. cross D. to cross 【解析】当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be 动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，即题中从句中的 crossing为he was crossing的省略。 Toms school was on the other side of the road, so he was told to watch out for cars when Athe street. 真题解析真题解析 A. no
23、r will anyone else C. nor wont anyone else B. nor anyone else will D. nor anyone else wont 【解析】句意为：我永远不会知道他当时脑子里想的是什么，别人 也不会知道。 I will never know all that was in his head at the time, _. 真题解析真题解析 A. nor will anyone else C. nor wont anyone else B. nor anyone else will D. nor anyone else wont 【解析】句意为：
24、我永远不会知道他当时脑子里想的是什么，别人 也不会知道。 I will never know all that was in his head at the time, _A. 省略省略Ellipsis 省略 (ellipsis) 指将句子中某些成分省去，使语言精炼的语法手段。 (3) 俗语、谚语中 More haste, less speed. Better late than never. No pains, no gains. 03 强调强调 Emphatic Structures 强调强调Emphatic Structures 强调(Emphatic Structures)：在书面语言
25、中，可以利用多种方式 或手段突出句中的某个部分。 (1) 词汇手段 a.主语+do+谓语 (+其他) I never did like her. I do think so. He did finish the task in time as expected. 强调强调Emphatic Structures 强调(Emphatic Structures)：在书面语言中，可以利用多种方式 或手段 突出句中的某个部分。 (1) 词汇手段 b. the very + 名词 Children should form the good habits from the very beginning. A
26、t that very moment, he opened the door. The very idea of going sailing makes me feel seasick. 强调强调Emphatic Structures 强调(Emphatic Structures)：在书面语言中，可以利用多种方式 或手段突出句中的某个部分。 (1) 词汇手段 c. 名词或名词性成分+itself Doing itself is learning. The land itself is worth the money, without the house. We wont buy new tyr
27、es when the car itself is so old. 强调强调Emphatic Structures 强调(Emphatic Structures)：在书面语言中，可以利用多种方式 或手段突出句中的某个部分。 (1) 词汇手段 d. “否定词+比较级”表最高级 I couldnt agree with you more. Nothing is more difficult than that. There is no uglier face like that! A. did bring C. did get B. does bring D. does get 【解析】句意为“他
28、没有时间陪他的孩子玩，也没有时间陪妻子购物， 但是他会定期给家里钱”。根据but可知前后时态应该一致，故排除B 和D。助动词did用来表示强调，有“确实，的确；一定”之意。 He had no time and energy to play with his children or shop with his wife, but he home a regular salary. 真题解析真题解析 A. did bring C. did get B. does bring D. does get 【解析】句意为“他没有时间陪他的孩子玩，也没有时间陪妻子购物， 但是他会定期给家里钱”。根据but
29、可知前后时态应该一致，故排除B 和D。助动词did用来表示强调，有“确实，的确；一定”之意。 He had no time and energy to play with his children or shop with his wife, but he Ahome a regular salary. 真题解析真题解析 强调强调Emphatic Structures 强调(Emphatic Structures)：在书面语言中，可以利用多种方式 或 手段突出句中的某个部分。 (2) 强调句型 It is/was + 被强调的成分 + that/who 真题解析真题解析 her mother
30、started to go to the meditation class. A. It was at about this time that B. That was about this time C. It was at about this time when D. It was about this time that 【解析】句意为“大概是在这个时间，她母亲开始上禅修课了”。It is / was that 是强调句的标志，大约在这个时间用介词at。 真题解析真题解析 A her mother started to go to the meditation class. A. It
31、 was at about this time that B. That was about this time C. It was at about this time when D. It was about this time that 【解析】句意为“大概是在这个时间，她母亲开始上禅修课了”。It is / was that 是强调句的标志，大约在这个时间用介词at。 A. That was from her mum C. It was from her mum that B. It was her mum that D. It was her mum whom 【解析】强调句去掉 I
32、t was that 后，句子结构仍完整，句意仍 明确。本题中只有C选项符合此条件，去掉后为“From her mum she heard her grandfather was born in Germany.”。 she heard her grandfather was born in Germany. 真题解析真题解析 A. That was from her mum C. It was from her mum that B. It was her mum that D. It was her mum whom 【解析】强调句去掉 It was that 后，句子结构仍完整，句意仍
33、明确。本题中只有C选项符合此条件，去掉后为“From her mum she heard her grandfather was born in Germany.”。 C she heard her grandfather was born in Germany. 真题解析真题解析 强调强调Emphatic Structures 强调(Emphatic Structures)：在书面语言中，可以利用多种方式 或手段突出句中的某个部分。 (2) 强调句型 改正下列强调句中的语法错误 It is Martin and his books who are well-known. It is the
34、students who is lovely. It was I that he helped yesterday. 强调强调Emphatic Structures 强调(Emphatic Structures)：在书面语言中，可以利用多种方式 或手段突出句中的某个部分。 (2) 强调句型 改正下列强调句中的语法错误 强调强调Emphatic Structures 强调(Emphatic Structures)：在书面语言中，可以利用多种方式 或手段突出句中的某个部分。 (2) 强调句型 vs. 主语从句 【注意】 去掉 It is/was that 结构后， 句子仍意思完整通顺，则为强调句。
35、 判断下列句子哪个是强调句 It is certain that he will come. It is he that will certainly come. 真题解析真题解析 the modern 【2012下 高中】 It was between 1830 and 1835 newspaper was born. A. whenB. thatC. whichD. while 【解析】 本题是一个强调句型“It wasthat”结构 ，句意为 “现代报纸是在1830年到1835年之间诞生的。” B 真题解析真题解析 It was with great joy he knew that h
36、is GMAT score as 670, high enough to apply to a top university of business. A. when B. withC. whatD. that 【解析】本题是一个强调句型“It wasthat”结构，句意为 “他得知他的GMAT分数为670分时非常高兴”，故选D。 真题解析真题解析 It was with great joy Dhe knew that his GMAT score as 670, high enough to apply to a top university of business. A. when B.
37、withC. whatD. that 【解析】本题是一个强调句型“It wasthat”结构，句意为 “他得知他的GMAT分数为670分时非常高兴”，故选D。 模拟题解析模拟题解析 It was the training that he had as a young man made him such a good orator. A. thatB. whatC. whichD. who 【解析】 该空用that构成强调句型的基本框架：It was +被强调部分+ that +其他部分，强调的是the training (that he had as a young man)。整句意为“正是他
38、年轻的时候所接受的训练使他成为一名如此 优秀的演说家”。 模拟题解析模拟题解析 It was the training that he had as a young man made him such a good orator. A. thatB. whatC. whichD. who 【解析】 该空用that构成强调句型的基本框架：It was +被强调部分+ that +其他部分，强调的是the training (that he had as a young man)。整句意为“正是他年轻的时候所接受的训练使他成为一名如此 优秀的演说家”。 强调强调Emphatic Structure
39、s 强调(Emphatic Structures)：在书面语言中，可以利用多种方式 或手 段突出句中的某个部分。 (2) 强调句型 It was not until + 时间状语 + that 直到才 强调句： It was not until yesterday that I learned it. 陈述句： I didnt learn it until yesterday. 强调句： It was not until the operation was over that he and the other doctors left. 陈述句： he and the other doctor
40、s didnt leave until the operation was over. 真题解析真题解析 the snowcapped peak in the remoteIt was not until dawn area in Tibet. A. that they sighted C. that they did not sight B. did the sight D. had they sighted 【解析】句意为“在西藏，直到黎明他们才看到远处被雪覆盖的白皑 皑的山峰”。该强调句型为：It is / was not unit+被强调部分+其他 部分，此句型中It is / was
41、 not已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用 肯定句式，且需用陈述句语序。 真题解析真题解析 the snowcapped peak in the remoteIt was not until dawn area in Tibet. A. that they sighted C. that they did not sight B. did the sight D. had they sighted 【解析】句意为“在西藏，直到黎明他们才看到远处被雪覆盖的白皑 皑的山峰”。该强调句型为：It is / was not unit+被强调部分+其他 部分，此句型中It is / was not已
42、经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用 肯定句式，且需用陈述句语序。 A A person needs to know who he/she is before being able to know what A. is it that C. is it which makes him or her happy. B. it is that D. it is which 【解析】句意：一个人在能够知道是什么让自己快乐之前，需要知道 自己是谁。know后跟了宾语从句，从句引导词为what；宾语从句为 强调句，what在从句中充当被强调部分，强调句的结构为it is / was that / who
43、 ，故答案选B。 真题解析真题解析 A person needs to know who he/she is before being able to know what A. is it that C. is it which makes him or her happy. B. it is that D. it is which 【解析】句意：一个人在能够知道是什么让自己快乐之前，需要知道 自己是谁。know后跟了宾语从句，从句引导词为what；宾语从句为 强调句，what在从句中充当被强调部分，强调句的结构为it is / was that / who ，故答案选B。 B 真题解析真题解
44、析 模拟题解析模拟题解析 A. who was it that killed C. it was who killed B. who it was that killed D. who was it killed 【解析】 句意为“警察正在搜集更多信息来调查是谁杀死了这个 富人”。根据强调句结构应为it was who that killed，再调整语 序为who it was that killed，故选B。 The police were seeking more information to find out the rich man. 模拟题解析模拟题解析 A. who was it
45、that killed C. it was who killed B. who it was that killed D. who was it killed 【解析】 句意为“警察正在搜集更多信息来调查是谁杀死了这个 富人”。根据强调句结构应为it was who that killed，再调整语 序为who it was that killed，故选B。 The police were seeking more information to find out Bthe rich man. 【高中语法】 特殊句型（二） CONTENTS 独立主独立主格格 04 虚拟语虚拟语气气 Subjun
46、ctive Mood 虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气 (Subjunctive Mood) 用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、 建议、假想等不能或不太可能实现的情况。 虚拟语气主要用于 从从句句 中，体现为 谓语动谓语动词词 形式的变化。 I wish you were here now. 虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood (1) 虚拟语气从句的谓从句的谓语语 a. 与现在事实相反：从句用一般过去时 did (be动词用were) now I am not as strong as you. I wish I were as strong as you.
47、虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood (1) 虚拟语气从句的谓从句的谓语语 a. 与现在事实相反：从句用一般过去时 did (be动词用were) He speaks as if he _ the manager. If only I _a bird! Its time that we _to bed. 状语从句 感叹句 主语从句 虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood (1) 虚拟语气从句的谓从句的谓语语 a. 与现在事实相反：从句用一般过去时 did (be动词用were) 虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood (1) 虚拟语气从句的谓从句的谓语语 b.
48、与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时 had done past I failed the exam. I wish I had not failed the exam. 虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood (see) the filmI would rather you yesterday. (be) on the spot. If only I(not be) that silly. He talked as if he _ (1) 虚拟语气从句的谓从句的谓语语 b. 与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时 had done 宾语从句 状语从句 感叹句 虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunct
49、ive Mood (1) 虚拟语气从句的谓从句的谓语语 b. 与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时 had done 虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood (1) 虚拟语气从句的谓从句的谓语语 c. 将来可能性低的事：从句用 would/should do future I will become a pilot when I grow up. I wish I would become a pilot when I grow up. 虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood control. _(lose) her job as a model. The situation
50、seems as if_(be) out of (1) 虚拟语气从句的谓从句的谓语语 c. 将来可能性低的事：从句用would/(should) do My idea is that they_ (pay) 100 dollars.表语从句 Julia had to go on a diet for fear that she 同位语从句 状语从句 虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood (1) 虚拟语气从句的谓从句的谓语语 c. 将来可能性低的事：从句用would/(should) do 虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood (1) 虚拟语气从句的谓从句的谓语语 表示的
