1、新视野大学英语第三版book 2 unit 1 英译中： English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods : Old English, Middle English and
2、 Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British I
3、sles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cinema,
4、 television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet. 人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使 用。与其他语 言一样， 英语也发生了很大的变化。 英语的历史可以分为三个主要 阶段：古英语，中古英 语和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼 部落入侵英国， 他们对英语语言 的形成起了很大的作用。 在中世纪和现代社会初 期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世 纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显 现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变 化。 今天，由于美国电影、 电视、贸易和技术
5、、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响 力尤其显。 中译英： 中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术、是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中 国书法艺术 的形成， 发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。 汉字在 漫长的演变发展过程 中， 一方面起着交流思想、 继承文化的重要作用， 另一方面 它本身又形成了一种独特的 艺术。书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、 学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以， 通常有“字如其人”的说法。中国书法不 仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝 库中独放异彩。 Chinese calligraphy is aunique art and the
6、unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting cultur
7、e but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation,personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that seeing the calligraphers handwriting is like seeing the person. As one of the treasures o Chinese cult
8、ure, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the worlds treasure house of culture and art. unit 2 英翻中 A M00C (massive open online course) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web. M00Cs are a recent development in distance education and have now becomea surgi
9、ng trend in higher education. These classes are aimed at expanding a universitys reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world. In addition to traditional course materials, M00Csprovide interactive user forums to support interactions betwe
10、en students and professors. M00Cscan encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course ; inspire people to try on subjects that they wouldnt otherwise pursue or even try on education itself ; provide multiple ways to engage with course
11、material, encouraging multimodal (多模式的) learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles ; and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses. 慕课是一种网络课程， 它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。 慕课是远程教 育迈出的 最新一步， 现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。 通过这些课程， 大学可 以扩大影响的范 围， 从影响成千上万住在
12、城里付学费的学生， 扩展到惠及全球上 百万的学生。 除了拥有 传统的课程资料， 慕课还给使用者提供互动论坛， 支持学 生和讲师之间的交流。 慕课能 够促进参与者之间的交流， 使得多种观点、 知识和 技能涌现到课堂上来； 它鼓励人们尝 试之前不可能尝试的课程， 至是尝试新的教 育方式；它提供多种学习课程资料的方式， 鼓 励多模式学习， 以各种学习风格满 足学习者的需求； 另外，慕课促进教学的改善， 使技 术在面对面授课中得以更好 地应用。 中翻英 近年来，随着互联网技术的发展， 我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。 很多高 校建立了自己的数字化学习平台， 数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的
13、 作用。和传统教 学方式相比，数字化教学方式有很大的优势。一方面，数字化教 学使教学资源得以全球共享； 另一方面， 它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空间， 人 们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化 的虚拟学校学习。 这使得人类从接受一次 性教育走向终身学习成为可能。 In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has madegreat achievements. Many universities
14、 have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Comparedwith the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible ; o
15、n the other hand, it expands the learners study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning. unit 3 英翻中 As an importa
16、nt part of the American culture value system, individualism is admired by most American people. Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happiness of individual members. In contrast to many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family memberis
17、 not to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically. What would be best for the family is not usually considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual. With freedom comes the responsibility to care for oneself, for it is the freedom of choice that carries wit
18、h it the responsibility: to accept the consequences of the choices. ManyAmericans give their children a lot of freedom because they want them to be independent and self-reliant. Along with the American emphasis on individual freedom, the belief in equality between parents and children also has had a
19、 strong effect on the family. 作为美国文化价值体系的一个重要组成部分，个人主义受到大多数美国人的推 崇。美国 人认为家庭作为一个群体， 其主要目的是促进家庭各成员的幸福。 与许 多其他文化相比， 美国家庭成员的主要职责， 不是在社会上或经济上提高整个家 庭的地位。人们通常认为， 什么是对个人最好的要比什么是对家庭最好的更为重 要。与自由相伴而来的是照顾自己的责 任， 因为所选择的自由承载了责任， 即必 须接受自己的选择所带来的后果。 许多美国人 给他们的孩子很多的自由， 因为他 们希望孩子们能够独立和自力更生。 在美国人强调个人 自由的同时， 父母与孩子 间平等的
20、信念也对美国家庭产生了巨大的影响。 中翻英 孝道(filial piety)是中国古代社会的基本道德规范(code of ethics)。中 国人把孝视为人 格之本、 家庭和睦之本、 国家安康之本。 由于孝道是儒家伦理思 想的核心， 它成了中国 社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德准则。 它毫无疑问是中 华民族的一种传统美德。孝道文 化是一个复合概念，内容丰富，涉及面广。它既 有文化理念，又有制度礼仪(institutional etiquette)。一般来说，它指社会 要求子女对父母应尽的义务，包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老人 等等。孝道是古老的东方文明之根本。 Filial piety is the b
21、asic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a persons integrity, family harmony, and the nations well-being. With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family
22、relationship for thousands of years. Its undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range. It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children t
23、o their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient Orientalcivilization. unit 4英翻中 Valentines Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries. It is a holiday of love and roman
24、ce usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers. There are different origins regarding the festival. One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods. On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because
25、 he was Christian, but also because he had cured the jailers daughter of blindness. The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed From your Valentine. Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones. Today, people celebrate Valentines Da
26、y in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners. The holiday has now become popular all over the world. In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people. 美洲和欧洲各国都会庆祝2月14日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的节日， 恋人之间 通常
27、都会交换情人卡和爱情信物。关于这个节日的起源有着不同的说 法。一个传说是罗马人 把一个叫圣瓦伦丁的神父关进了监狱， 因为他拒绝相信罗 马神。2月14日那天，瓦伦丁被 处死，不仅因为他是基督徒，而且因为他曾治 愈了一位监狱看守双目失明的女儿。 他在被 处死的前一天晚上给她写了一封署名 “你的瓦伦丁”的告别信。后来，2月14日就成了一 个人们可以为他们的情人 展示感情的节日。现在，人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节，他们发送 贺卡、鲜花， 赠送巧克力或其他礼品， 或共进浪漫的晚餐。 现在这个节日已流行世界各地。 在 中国，这个节日也正越来越受年轻人的欢迎。 中翻英 农历七月初七是中国的七夕节(Qixi F
28、estival)，是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色 彩的 一个节日。 一些大的商家每年都举办不同的活动， 年轻人也送礼物给他们的 情人。因此， 七夕节被认为是中国的“情人节”(Valentines Day)。七夕节来 自牛郎与织女(Cowherd and Weaving Maid)的传说。相传，每年的这个夜晚， 天上的织女都会与牛郎相会。 所以， 在七夕的夜晚， 人们可以看到牛郎织女在银 河 (the Milky Way)相会。姑娘们也会在这一 天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧， 以获得美满姻缘。 但随着时代的变迁， 这些活动正在消失， 唯有标志着忠贞爱情 的牛郎织女的传说一直流传民间。 July 7th
29、 on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese Valentines Day. The Qixi
30、Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid. The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. On this night, girls would also beg Wea
31、ving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage. But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk. unit 5 英翻中 The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Expl
32、oration, is a historical period of European global exploration that started in the early 15th century and continued until the 18th century. It is usually regarded as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era, in the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between E
33、uropean kingdoms seeking wealth through the establishment of trade routes and colonies. Among many great explorers during this period, the most outstanding one was Christopher Columbus since he discovered the NewWorld. European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact
34、 between the Old and New Worlds producing the exchange: a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, culture, and so forth. This represented one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world,
35、resulting in a new world-view and distant civilizations acknowledging each other. 大发现年代， 也被称为大勘探年代， 是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期， 始于15世纪 初并一直持续到18世纪。这一时期通常被认为是中世纪和近代之间的桥 梁，当时西方帝国 主义刚兴起， 欧洲各王国之间正在经济上互相竞争， 他们想通 过建立贸易路线和殖民地来 寻找财富。 在这一时期众多伟大的探险家中， 最杰出 的是克里斯托弗哥伦布， 因为他发 现了新大陆。 欧洲的海外扩张导致了殖民帝国 的崛起，旧大陆与新大陆的接触也促成了两 边的互相交
36、换：大量的植物、动物、 食物、文化等得到迁移。 这代表了历史上生态、 农业 和文化在全球范围内最重大 的活动之一。欧洲大勘探让绘制全球性的世界地图成为可能，从 而使人们看到一 个新的世界与古老的文明正遥相呼应。 中翻英 丝绸之路(Silk Road)是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆 (Eurasia)的交通线路，由于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主，故称丝绸之路。作 为国际贸易 的通道和文化交流的桥梁， 丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化 交流和发展，对世界文 明进程有着深远影响。当前，在新的历史条件下，我国提 出了一带一路(One Belt, One Road)(即丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上 丝绸之
37、路)的战略构想。一带一路以合作 共赢为核心，强调相关各国的互利 共赢和共同发展。这一战略一经提出即受到沿线各国的积 极响应。 The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name the Silk Road. As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Si
38、lk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of One Belt, One Road (namely the
39、Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st. The strategy of One Belt, One Road focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries al
40、ong the road. Unit6 英翻中 Minimalism（极简主义）is about getting rid of excess stuff and keeping only what you need. Minimalist living, in simplest terms, is to live with as less as possible, mentally and physically until you achieve peace of mind. Results that ensue are less stress, more time, and increase
41、d happiness. Minimalists like to say that theyre living more meaningfully, more deliberately, and that the minimalist lifestyle allows them to focus on whats more important in life: friends, hobbies, travel, experiences. Of course, minimalism doesnt meantheres anything inherently wrong with owning m
42、aterial possessions. Todays problem seems to be that we tend to give too much meaning to our things, often forsaking （抛弃） our health, our relationships, our passions, our personal growth, and our desire to contribute beyond ourselves. In addition to its application in peoples daily life, minimalism
43、also finds application in many creative disciplines, including art, architecture, design, dance, film making, theater, music, fashion, photography and literature. 极简主义是指去掉多余的， 仅保留需要的部分。 用最简单的话来说， 极简的生活 方式， 就是生活得越简单越好，直到获得心灵的平静，这种简单既是精神上的， 也是身体上的。这 样的生活方式会减轻压力， 带来更多自由时间， 并增强幸福感。 极简主义者会说， 他们 生活得更有意义了，
44、 更从容了， 极简的生活方式让他们着 眼于生活中更重要的事物：朋友、 爱好、旅游和体验。当然，极简主义并不意味 着拥有物质财富从本质上来讲有什么不对。 现 在的问题似乎在于， 我们往往太重 视所拥有的东西，而常常抛弃了健康、人与人之间的关 系、我们的热情、个人成 长，以及帮助他人的愿望。 极简主义除了在我们的日常生活中可 以得到应用， 还 存在于很多创意领域，包括艺术、建筑、设计、舞蹈、电影、戏剧、音乐、 时尚、 摄影和文学等。 中翻英 国民幸福指数(National Happiness Index,NHI)是衡量人们幸福感的一种指 数，也是衡量一个国家或地区经济发展、 居民生活与幸福水平的指
45、标工具。 随着 中国经济 的高速增长，中国政府越来越重视人民群众生活质量和幸福指数的提 升。政府注重改善民生， 努力改善人民群众的经济状况， 满足人民群众日益增长 的物质文化需求。 当前，中国政府 提倡释放改革红利， 让人民群众得到更多实惠。 所有这些都将有效促进我国国民幸福指数不断提升。 National Happiness Index (NHI) is an index that measures how happy people are. It is also a tool that measures the levels of economic development and peop
46、les livelihood and happiness in a country or region. With the fast growth of Chinese economy, the Chinese government has been paying more and more attention to peoples living quality and the increase of happiness index. The government stresses improvement of its peoples livelihood, striving to impro
47、ve their economic conditions and meet their growing material and cultural needs. Currently, the Chinese government advocates the unleashing of more reform dividends, with the aim of offering more real benefits to its people. All these measures will combine to effectively increase the NHI of our people.
