1、1 1apply v申请；使用application n申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序) 2contribute v捐助；捐献contribution n贡献；捐款；捐赠 3 appear v 出现； 到场disappear vi.消失； 灭绝； 消亡disappearance n 消 失；灭绝；消亡 4create v创造；建立creative adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的 creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地 5balance vt.使平衡 n均匀；平衡balanced adj.保持平衡的 6propose v提议；建议；主张proposal n提议；建议 7l
2、imit n限度；限制 vt.限制；限定limited adj.有限的 8lose vt.失去；损失loss n丧失；损失lost adj.迷路的；失去的 9donate vt.捐赠；赠送donation n捐赠；赠送 1conduct n行为；举止；管理方法 vt.组织；安排；带领；举止；表现 Under the conduct of his father，their business was very successful.n.管理 He conducted the audience to their seats.vt.带领 He conducted himself far better
3、than expected.vt.表现 2issue n重要议题；争论的问题；发行；分发 v出版；发行；宣布；公布 They issued a special set of stamps to mark the occasion.v.发行；出版 She usually writes about environmental issues.n.问题 I bought a set of the new stamps on the date of issue.n.发行 WordsAnd Phrases 知识要点 1 take part in 参与(某事)；参加(某活动) (教材 P3)Agroup o
4、f high school students who are taking part in an international 2 youth camp at Mount Tai. 一群高中生正在泰山参加一个国际青年营。 例 1Generally speaking，boys take an active part in sports. 一般来说，男孩子积极参加体育活动。 例 2It goes without saying that taking an active part in social activities can broaden our horizons. 不言而喻，积极参加社会活动能
5、开阔我们的眼界。 造句 学生们为了身体健康应该参加体育活动。 Students should take part in sports activities for good health. 知识拓展 play a part in在中扮演角色；在中起作用 take part参加(不跟宾语) take an active part in积极参加 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 Bill took active an part in the sports meeting. There is an English speech contest in which my teacher encourag
6、es me to take part. You dont need strength to take part in this sport 参加这项运动不需要太多体力。 5G will play an important part in our life in the near future. 在不久的将来，5G 将在我们的生活中起着重要作用。 知识要点 2 balance vt.使平衡；权衡 n平衡；均匀 ( 教 材 P4)Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural
7、 sites can be a big challenge. 在发展和文化遗址的保护之间找到并保持适当的平衡是一个巨大的挑战。 例 1He lost his balance and hurt himself when he went upstairs. 他上楼时失去了平衡，伤了自己。 例 2It is very difficult for me to keep a balance between social activities and 3 studies. 让我在社交活动与学习之间保持平衡非常困难。 造句她试图兼顾家庭生活和事业。 She tries to balance home lif
8、e and career. 知识拓展 (1)keep (ones)balance保持平衡 lose (ones)balance失去平衡 out of balance不平衡 keep the balance of.保持的平衡 (2)balanced adj.平稳的；安定的；和谐的 keep a balanced diet保持均衡的饮食 (3)balance.and/with.同等重视/兼顾和 balance sth. against sth.使与抵消；权衡与 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 He cut down on coffee and cigarettes，and ate a balan
9、ced(balance)diet. He balanced a trip to the mountains against the chance of a summer job. It is important for us to keep the balance of nature. We must balance the advantages against disadvantages of things. 我们必须权衡事物的利与弊。 He tried to balance on one foot 他试着用一只脚站稳。 小片段填空 When he first learned to skat
10、e，he didnt know how to balance himself and lost his balance constantly.But now he has learned to keep himself balanced while skating. 最初学习滑冰时，他不知道如何使自己保持平衡，经常失去平衡。可是，现 在他已经学会了滑冰时使自己保持平衡。 知识要点 3 lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通向 (教材 P4)But the proposal led to protests. 但该提议引发了抗议。 4 例 1Many of these chemicals can
11、lead to cancer or other illnesses. 这些化学物质中有许多会引起癌症或其他疾病。 例 2As is known to us，all roads lead to Rome. 众所周知，条条大路通罗马。 造句过多的工作和过少的休息常会引起疾病。 Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness. 知识拓展 lead sb. to.引导某人去(地方) lead sb. to do sth.致使某人做某事 lead a. life过的生活 lead the way引路，带路 即学即练 单句语法填空 We fi
12、rmly believe that war never settles anything but lead to violence. His carelessness led to failure(fail)in the driving test. The new clue led the police to find(find)the thief. She prefers to lead a happy life at home rather than to be a career woman. 小片段填空 He led the way，and led us to a village nea
13、rby.There we found the local people led a happy life 他带路，把我们领到了附近的一个村庄。在那里，我们发现当地人过着幸福 的生活。 联想发散表示“导致”的常用表达还有：cause，result in，contribute to， bring about。 知识要点 4 likely adj.可能的adv.可能地 (教材 P4)Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important
14、part of Egypts cultural heritage. 大坝的水可能会破坏一些寺庙， 并摧毁作为埃及文化遗产重要组成部分的文 物。 例 1He is likely to leave for New York next week. 5 It s likely that he will leave for New York next week. 他下周很可能去纽约。 例 2We will most likely see him later. 我们很可能晚些时候会见到他。 造句明天我很可能要去上海。 Its likely that I shall go to Shanghai tomor
15、row. 知识拓展 (1)be likely to do sth.可能(发生某种情况) It is likelythat 从句很可能 (2)likely adv.很可能(多和 most 或 very 连用) 即学即练 单句语法填空/一句多译 Unemployment is likely to go(go)on rising this year. It is likely that investors(投资人)will face losses. 他可能很快为这个项目筹集足够的资金。 He is likely to raise enough funds for this project soon.
16、 Its likely that he will raise enough funds for this project soon. 知识要点 5 turn to 向求助；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向； 从事于 (教材 P4)After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem，and citizens who lived near the dam，the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. 在听取了研究这一问题的科学家和住在大坝附近的市
17、民的意见之后， 政府于 1959 年向联合国寻找帮助。 例 1If you turn to Page 40，you will find it. 如果你翻到 40 页，你会找到它。 例 2Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble. 当你遇到困难时请向警察求助。 造句越来越多的人从事计算机科学。 More and more people turn to computer science. 6 知识拓展 turn around/round转过去；转身 turn up调高；出现 turn down调低；拒绝 turn in上交
18、 turn out生产；制造；结果是 即学即练 用 turn 的短语填空 He is the guy you can turn to for help when you are in trouble. Some suggestions were turned down by the committee. The person I spoke to turned out to be our new teacher. The meeting has already begun，but the chairman hasnt turned up yet. 知识要点 6 (教材 P4)A committ
19、ee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. (联合国)成立了一个委员会来限制对埃及建筑的破坏，防止文物的丢失。 (1)limit n限度；限制 vt.限制；限定 例 1Try to limit your speech to five minutes. 尽量把你的演讲限制在 5 分钟内。 例 2In my opinion，we should limit our expense to what we can afford. 依我看，我们应该
20、把费用控制在可以支付的范围内。 造句生命有限，知识无涯。 Our life has a limit，but knowledge is without limit. 知识拓展 (1)There is no limit to.是无限的 put/set a limit to.对限制 within the limits of在的范围内 without limit无限(制)地 (2)be limited to.受限制于 limit.to.把限定在的范围内 (3)limited adj.有限的 7 (4)limitless adj.无限的 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 I was sorry that
21、 my vocabulary was so limited(limit)that I could find no words to describe it. Ill help as much as I can，but there is a limit to what I can do. There are limitless(limit)possibilities if you keep an open mind. You had better set a limit to the monthly expenses. 你最好给每月的开支设置限度。 There is no limit to th
22、e childs imagination. 那孩子的想象力是无限的。 小片段填空 Amanslife is limited，but there is no limit to serving the people.I will devote my limited life to the limitless job of serving the people. 人的生命是有限的，可是为人民服务是无限的。我要把有限的生命投入到无 限的为人民服务之中去。 (2)prevent vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠 例 1They were stopped/prevented/kept from entering t
23、he burning building. 他们被拦在了燃烧着的大楼的外面。 例 2We were prevented from attending Professor Lis lecture by the heavy rain. 大雨使我们没能参加李教授的演讲。 造句她的突然到来使他不能外出。 Her sudden arrival prevented him from going out. 知识拓展 prevent宾语（from） doing stop宾语（from） doing keep宾语from doing 阻止做某事 protect.from/against.保护不受侵袭(from 后
24、接能带来伤害或损害 之物) 8 名师点津 表示“阻止做某事”的三个短语用于被动语态中时，from 都不能省略。 即学即练 单句语法填空 You cant stop people from saying(say)what they think. The church bells keep me from sleeping. Something has been done to protect(protect)the grain from rain. She was prevented from taking the exam by illness. 知识要点 7 contribution n捐款
25、；贡献；捐赠 (教材 P4)The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. 该组织要求不同部门捐款，并在国际社会上筹集资金。 例 1Last week Premier Li visited several great scientists，who have made great contributions to science. 上周，李总理拜访了几位伟大的科学家，他们对科学做出了卓越的贡献。 例 2Failure
26、can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to make use of it. 一旦你学会了利用失败，失败就能为你的生活做出积极的贡献。 造句每个人都应当为环保做贡献。 Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment. 知识拓展 (1)make a contribution/contributions to(doing)sth. 对(做)某事做出贡献 (2)contribute vt.& vi.捐献；捐助；贡献；是的原因 之一；促成
27、；投稿 contribute.to.向捐献/赠；投稿 contribute to贡献；有助于；导致 即学即练 单句语法填空 Tu Youyou has made great contributions(contribute)to the people infected with 9 malaria(疟疾). We made a contribution to those who are badly off. He contributed a number of articles to the magazine. 小片段填空 Many people contributed money to th
28、e poor boy ， which contributed to his returning to school.Awriter wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper.许 多人给那个可怜的男孩捐款，使他可以重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的 故事，并把它投稿到了一家报社。 知识要点 8 attempt n& vt.企图；试图；尝试 (教材 P5)Why did the Egyptian government want to attempt the building of the dam? 为什么埃及政府试图建设这个
29、大坝？ 例 1He attempted to change his learning style，but failed.他试图改变他的 学习方式，但是没有成功。 例 2The plane crashed unexpectedly when it made an attempt to land/at landing at the airport. 这架飞机在机场试图着陆时意外坠毁了。 造句他正在试图完成一项困难的任务。 He is attempting to fulfil a difficult task. 知识拓展 (1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth.尝
30、试做某事 at ones/the first attempt(某人)第一次尝试 make no attempt to do sth.不做任何尝试 (2)attempt to do sth.企图做某事；尝试做某事 即学即练 单句语法填空/一句多译 He made an attempt to learn to skate. He has attempted to find(find) a peaceful solution to the conflict. They made no attempt to escape(escape). 他们在试图用新的方法保护文化遗址。 10 They are m
31、aking an attempt/attempting to protect cultural relics in a new way.(attempt) They are trying to protect cultural relics in a new way.(try) 知识要点 9 worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的 (教材 P5)A lot of money was spent to protect the temples.Do you think it was worthwhile? 花很多钱保护这些庙宇。你认为值得吗？ 例 1His daughter felt
32、 it more than worthwhile to save his music. 他的女儿觉得保存他的音乐很有价值。 例 2It is worthwhile to discuss the problem further. 进一步讨论这个问题是值得的。 造句谢谢你让我的拜访如此值得。 Thank you for making my visit worthwhile. 知识拓展 易混词意义 worthwhile 意为“值得的”，常用句型 It is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.；可 作宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语 worthy 意为“值得的”，常用句型 b
33、e worthy of being done/to be done 或 be worthy of名词；表示“值得尊敬的”时，常作定语 worth 意为“值得的”，常用句型 be worth doing，动名词主动形式表示被 动含义；常做表语 即学即练 单句语法填空 It is worthwhile to send(send)him abroad for further education. The book is worthy of being read/to be read(read)carefully. This idea is well worth considering(conside
34、r). Sentence Patterns 重点句式 1 a time when.“一个的时期” (教材 P4)There comes a time when the old must give way to the new， and it is 11 not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 新旧更替的时代已经到来。在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切 都保存下来。 句式分析 a time when.“一个的时期”，when 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a tim
35、e。 例 1There comes a time when children must leave home and spread their wings. 总有一天，孩子们必须离家施展他们自己的才能。 例 2There comes a time when teenagers learn English on the Internet. 青少年在网上学英语的时代到来了。 造句那是一个电话还没有被发明的时期。 That was a time when telephones hadnt been invented. 知识拓展 (1)there was a time when.曾有一段时间 (2)a
36、t a/the time when.在的时候 即学即练 完成句子 There comes a time when one must be responsible for his/her mistakes. 到了一个人要为自己所犯的错负责的时候了。 It was a time when anything seemed possible. 那是一个任何事都可能会发生的时代。 This was a time when there were still slaves in the USA. 这是一个在美国仍存在奴隶的时期。 At the time when I saw him，he was very
37、young. 当初我见到他的时候，他还很年轻。 There was a time when women were not allowed to go to school. 曾经有一段时间，妇女不被允许去上学。 重点句式 2 not only.but also.“不仅而且” (教材 P4)Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not 12 run over the relics of the past，but they had also learnt that it was possible for coun
38、tries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路， 而且明白了 多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。 句式分析 not only.but also.“不仅而且”用作并列连词，相当于“not just.but also.”。 例 1They not only broke into his office but (also)tore up his papers. 他们不仅闯进了他的办公室，而且撕碎了他的文件。 例 2The British and the Americans not only
39、speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. 英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的社会习俗。 造句不但学生们反对这个计划，老师也反对。 Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. 知识拓展 (1)not only. but also.结构常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、 表语、定语、状语或句子，在意义上强调后者，其中 also 可以省略。 (2)“not only.but also.”连接主
40、语时，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则； (3)当 not only 位于句首连接两个句子时，第一个分句要用部分倒装，第二 个分句不倒装。 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 Not only did he teach at school，but he wrote novels. Not only I but also Tom and Mary are/were(be)fond of watching television. Not only did they lose their way，but also they had no money. 他们不但迷路了，而且没有钱。 Not only the c
41、hild but also his parents are enjoying the film 不仅是这个孩子，还有他的父母也在欣赏这部电影。 1 (教材 P4)There comes a time when the old must give way to the new， and it is 13 not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 分析本句是一个复合句，连词 and 连接表示顺承关系的两个并列句。第 一个分句中 when 引导的是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a t
42、ime；第二个分句中 as 引导的是一个时间状语从句，it 作形式主语。 译文新旧更替的时代已经到来。在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过 去的一切都保存下来。 2(教材 P4)Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past，but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 分析本句是一个复
43、合句，是由 not only.but also.所连接的两个句子，第 一个句子以 not only 开头，助动词 had 被提到了主语 the countries 之前，形成了 倒装句，其中 that did not run over the relics of the past 为限制性定语从句，修饰先 行词 a path；第二个句子中 that 引导的是一个宾语从句，其中 it 为形式主语，真 正的主语为后面的不定式结构 to work together to build a better tomorrow。 译文这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而 且明白了多个国家
44、合作创造美好未来的可能性。 3(教材 P4)Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO，which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. 分析这是一个主从复合句。which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行 词 UNESCO，which 在从句中作主语；其中 which 引导的从句中含有 that 引导的 限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a programme，that 在从句中作主语。 译文也许是最
45、好的例子是联合国教科文组织，该组织开展了一个防止世 界各地的文化遗产遗址消失的项目。 教材高考 1.Findingandkeepingtheright balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. (2019 天 津 卷 )These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance. 14 2.A committee was established to limitdamagetotheEgyptian buil
46、dings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. (2019 北 京 卷 )Withhertalentand determination， it appears that the sky could be the limit forAlice Moore. 3.Why did the Egyptian government want to attempt the building of the dam？ (2019全国卷)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro ， the
47、 highest mountain in Africa. 4.Do you think it was worthwhile？ (2019北京卷)Want to explore new cultures， meetnewpeopleanddosomething worthwhile at the same time？ .单句语法填空 1It is highly likely that he will succeed. 2Eating much sugar leads to much weight. 3He is a very creative (create)musician. 4Who cou
48、ld not take part in the ancient Olympic Games? 5The old man always keeps a balanced (balance)diet to keep fit. 6I will limit myself to drinking (drink)three cups of beer a day. 7The heavy snow prevented us from going (go)out for sports. 8Alan has made a great contribution(contribute)to the sport. 9T
49、hey attempt to finish(finish)the task before July. 10It was a time when people werent so concerned about health. .短语填空 take part in；give way to；keep balance；make a proposal；lead to；turn to； prevent.from；donate.to；make sure；in danger 1He always takes part in politics. 2Youd better keep balance of you
50、r diet. 3Just make sure you shut the gate after you. 4They turn to you because they trust you. 5We refused to give way to their demands. 15 6The dam was in danger because of the rising flood. 7This suggestion will certainly lead to an argument. 8Further treatment will prevent cancer from developing.
