1、1 1complete v完成completion n完成，结束completive adj.完整的 completely adv.完整地，完全地 2design v设计designed adj.设计好的designer n设计师 3harm v伤害，损害harmful adj.有害的harmless adj.无害的 4agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的 5prevent v阻挡，防止prevention n预防，防范 6harmony n融洽相处，和谐harmonious adj.和谐的 sheet n.床单，被单； 一张(通常指标准尺寸的纸)；(冰或水等
2、的)一大片 Be cautious！ The road was covered with a sheet of ice.一大片 How often do you changed your sheets on the bed to keep clean？ 床单 Please write down your names on this sheet of paper，will you？ 一张 Words and Phrases 知识要点 1 prevent v.防止，阻挡 (教材原句 P63)The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the
3、soil from being washed away. 平坦的梯田可以收集雨水，防止土壤被冲走。 例Bad weather prevented me from setting out to enjoy the holiday. 恶劣的天气使我不能动身去度假。 知识拓展 (1)prevent.(from)doing sth.阻止做某事 (2)与“prevent.(from)doing sth.”意义相近的短语还有： stop.(from)doing sth.； keep.from doing sth. (3)以上短语用于主动语态时， “prevent.from doing sth.”与“sto
4、p.from doing sth.” 中 的 from 可 省 略 ， 而 “keep.from doing sth.” 中 的 from 不 能 省 略 。 2 “keep.doing”意为“让一直做某事”。所以用于被动语态时，这三个短语中 的 from 都不能省略。 即学即练单句语法填空 Social phobia( 社 交 恐 惧 症 )prevents people making(make)the normal ， everyday mistakes that may help them improve their skills even further. Social attenti
5、on should be paid to preventing our earth from being polluted (pollute). Actually，there are grammatical mistakes made by students that keep them from writing good compositions. 知识要点 2 in harmony with 与和谐相处 (教材原句 P63)But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmo
6、ny with nature to make these terraces and grow rice. 但也许最有意义的是人们用与自然和谐相处的方式建造了这些梯田来种植 水稻。 例We are aware of the fact that we should live in harmony with nature. 我们意识到这样的事实：我们应该和自然和谐相处。 知识拓展 (1)sense of harmony和谐感 out of harmony with与不和谐 (2)harmonious adj.和谐的 即学即练单句语法填空 Devoted to keeping a lasting pe
7、ace， we must live in harmony with one another. The piano was out of harmony with the rest of the instruments in the concert last night. Most countries are trying to form a harmonious (harmony)society to meet peoples needs. 小片段填空 Peoples life here is full of harmony and at the same time，humans and na
8、ture make a harmonious picture.(harmony) 知识要点 3 design vt.设计，构思；计划；意欲 n.设计；设计方案；装饰图 3 案；打算 (教材原句 P63)The terraces are cleverly designed，with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other. 梯田设计巧妙，数百条水道相互连接。 例Our company employed two famous architects to design a new meeting hall for us. 我们公司雇用了两
9、位著名的建筑师为我们设计了一座新的会堂。 知识拓展 (1)designs sth.for sb./sth.为某人/某物设计某物 be designed for.为而设计 be designed to do.意欲做，目的是 (2)by design故意地 (3)designer n.设计者；构思者 即学即练单句语法填空 The helping project is designed to help (help)those who have been longing to run a business. Many famous books have adapted versions which a
10、re designed for the students of Grade 1 Grade 2. We shall never know whether this happened by accident or by design. 小片段填空 I like the design of the suit，which was designed by a famous designerShe graduated from a school of fashion design and the school is designed to attract talented people who are
11、interested in fashion.(design) 知识要点 4 ( 教 材 原 句 P63)These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish，some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops. 这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境， 它们中的一些以损害水稻 的昆虫为食。 (1)provide.for. 为提供 例The red cross provides food and clothes for the sufferer
12、s. 4 红十字会为难民提供食品和衣服。 知识拓展 provide v.赡养；提供生计 provide sb.with sth. provide sth.for/to sb. 为某人提供 provided/providing(that 从句) 假如；如果 即学即练单句语法填空 She has to provide enough money for/to her father. The report was not expected to provide(provide)any answers. We are here to provide the public witha service. I
13、 will agree to goprovided / providing (provide)that my expenses are paid. (2)harm vt.& nU伤害，损害 例Smoking a lot of cigarettes can harm ones health and even may kill people over a long period of time. 长期大量吸烟会危害身体健康，甚至可能导致死亡。 知识拓展 (1)do sb./sth.harmdo harm to sb./sth. 伤害某人/物 There is no harm in doing st
14、h.做某事无害 (2)harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/物有害 (3)harmless adj.无害的 即学即练单句语法填空 According to the study，using smartphone too often does harm to your eyes. The polluted air will be harmful (harm)to people and animals around. There is no harm in apologizing (apologize)to her first. 小片段填空 The li
15、es he told harmed our friendship of many years .That really did harm to us.His lies were harmful to our longlast feelings.(harm) 5 Sentence Patterns 重点句式 1 无生命名词(作主语)see宾语(宾语补足语) (教材原句 P62)Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice. 盛夏，佳禾吐绿，将群山染成一片青翠。 句式分析：句中无生命的名词 summer 作主语，see
16、在此处意为“见证；目 睹”，是一种拟人的用法。 例 1Dusk saw the old couple walking their dog together after supper。 黄昏时，这对老夫妇吃完晚饭一起遛狗。 例 2Our town has seen many changes since the new policy was put into effect. 新政策生效后，我们镇上发生了很多变化。 知识拓展 表示时间、地点或其他无生命的名词作主语，谓语通常是 see，find，witness 等动词，意为“(在某段时期或某地)发生(某情况)，或经历了某事”。这种句式 可以使语言表达
17、更加生动、形象。 即学即练单句语法填空 The twentieth century witnessed (witness)two world wars. So far this stadium has seen(see)many thrilling football games. 重点句式 2 what 引导的主语从句 (教材原句 P63)But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and gro
18、w rice. 但也许最有意义的是人们用与自然和谐相处的方式建造了这些梯田来种植 水稻。 句式分析：句中 what 引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。 例 1What was most important to her，she told me，was her family. 她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。 例 2What made us excited was that our class came first in the interclass basketball match. 让我们激动的是我们班在这次班级对抗篮球比赛中获得了第一名。 6 知识拓展 what 在其引导的主语从句中可
19、作主语或宾语。what 引导的主语从句作主语 时，谓语动词一般用单数，但主语从句意义上表示复数时，谓语动词要用复数。 即学即练单句语法填空 What frightened me most was that the little boy wound the snake around his neck. What we students need most is (be)enough sleep. You need not get any more stamps；what we have are(be)quite sufficient. 教材高考 1.Theflatterracescatchthe
20、 rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away. (2019北京卷)We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools ， apps and approachesintendedto prevent scammers from getting through. 2.Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increa
21、se the areas in which they could grow rice. (2020全国卷)Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 3.Butperhapswhatismost significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice. (2017 天津卷)What students do at college
22、seems to matter much more than where they go. 4.Theterracesarecleverly designed ， withhundredsof waterways that connect with each other. (2019 全 国 卷 )HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 5.Theseterracesalsoprovidea perfect environment for birds and fish，some of wh
23、ich feed on insects that can harm the rice crops. (2019全国卷)While the suns rays can age and harm our skin， they also give us beneficial Vitamin D 7 .单句语法填空 1The completion(complete)inAugust will bring us a new meeting hall. 2Eating too much sugar is harmful(harm)to your health. 3The new designer (des
24、ign)seems not to fit in with us. 4The police were able to take preventive(prevent)action and avoid a possible riot. 5 Making a harmonious (harmony)combination of colours will make the painting better. 6What we are doing now is (be)very difficult but of great importance. 7Granny wrapped(wrap)the smal
25、l red shoes and smiled happily to me. 8As we all know，it is his efforts that have improved the quality of our products . 9Cycling is actually a good kind of exercise and therefore I go cycling with my friends every Sunday. 10TV shopping is attractive(attract)because you can buy things easily without
26、 going out. .短语填空 thousands of，in harmony with，turn.into.，pass down，wash away，be home to，feed on，as far as，once again，prevent.from 1Immediate measures should be taken to prevent air from being polluted. 2What is known to us all is that China is home to the golden monkey. 3Monkey King can turn his ha
27、ir into any kind of things he needs. 4I dont expect you to do it once again，but you will be punished this time. 5The butterflies live in the forest and feed on flowers and leaves. 6The farming knowledge has been passed down from generation to generation. 7Our mission is to find ways for people to li
28、ve in harmony with nature. 8Much of the top soil was washed away by large floods. 9I dont know why they walked as far as the river last night. 10Every year thousands of lives are lost in road accidents because of careless 8 driving. .课文语法填空 The Longji Rice Terraces 1.were built (build)by the local Z
29、huang and Yao people，to whom Guangxi is home.2.Starting(start)in the Yuan Dynasty，work on the terraces took hundreds of years ， until 3.its (it)completion in the early Qing Dynasty.These terraces increase the areas 4.in which people grow rice.Besides，they can catch the rainwater and prevent the soil
30、 from 5.being washed(wash)away.But perhaps 6.what is most significant is the way in which people 7.have worked (work)in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.Although modern technology could help produce more 8.crops(crop)，new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces.Today ， the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of 9.visitors (visitor)who come to admire this great wonder created by people 10.and nature working together.
