1、高一英语语法专题-非谓语动词 doing 作状语及定语 一、一、V-ing的不同形式的不同形式 (以以doing为例为例) (not)doing 一般式主动一般式主动(not)being done 一般式被动一般式被动 (not)having done 完成式主动完成式主动(not)having been done完成式被动完成式被动 二、作状语二、作状语 现在分词可作状语，表示原因、时间、方式、伴随情况、结果或条件等，相 当于与之相对应的状语从句，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，二者之间是主动关系。 Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Sha
2、nghai. =When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. Arriving in Paris, I lost my way. =_When I arrived in Paris,_ 1.时间状语 _Walking _(walk) in the park, she came across an old friend. _Having bought_(buy) a book, I decided to take the bus home. While_playing_ cards（play）, he was b
3、itten by a mosquito. They got engaged when _travelling_(travel) in Europe. v-ing形式作时间状语时， 相当于_时间状语_从句， 可转化成这种从句； 动作如果和谓语动作_同时_发生或者_之后_发生， 常用v-ing形式的一般式； 强调v-ing形式表示的动作_先发生_，用v-ing形式的完成式。 2.原因状语 _Being_(be) poor, he couldnt afford a computer. =_Because_he was poor, he couldnt afford a computer. Havin
4、g smoked too much, he has suffered from lung cancer. =_Because he smoked too much, _._ Because I dont know her address, I might as well telephone her to come over. =_Not knowing her address, ._ v-ing作原因状语时，相当于一个_原因状语_从句，亦可转化为这种从 句。表示原因的v-ing形式短语一般置于句首。 3.方式、伴随状语 He came _running_(run) all the way. =
5、He came and was running all the way. He walked the river, singing softly to himself. = He walked the river and sang softly to himself. 作_方式_状语或_伴随_状语，用来说明发生的背景或情况，且均可转化为 并列谓语。 He opened the door by _breaking the lock_(破坏了锁). There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the gra
6、ssland, _staring_(stare) at the night sky. 4.结果状语 The big fire lasted nearly a month, _leaving (leave) nothing valuable. v-ing形式作结果状语，常置于句末；表随着谓语动词发生而产生的必然结果； 注意注意：不定式和v-ing形式均可作结果状语： She fell off the bike, breaking her left leg. I woke up in the morning, to find the outside world greatly changed. 不
7、定式表_出乎意料_的结果，而v-ing是指_自然而然_的后果。 1The boy fell, _striking_(strike) his head against the door. He lifted a rock only _ to drop_(drop) it on his own feet. 5.条件状语 _Working_(work) hard at your lessons, you are sure to succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons, you are sure to succeed. Going straight dow
8、n the road, you will find the department store. =_If you go straight down the road,._. 作_条件_状语，一般置于句首，相当于_条件 状语从句。 6.让步状语 _Having known_(know) all this, I still wanted to see it for myself. =_Although I have known_ all this, I still wanted to see it for myself. 作让步状语，可改写成让步状语从句。 7. 常用的评论性状语常用的评论性状语
9、generally speaking 一般来说;strictly speaking 严格来说;broadlyspeaking 广义上说; roughly speaking 大致来说;narrowly speaking 狭义上说;judging from / by 由判断; considering 考虑到 ; supposing 如果 ; providing 如果、 假如 三、作三、作定语定语 1.表属性、作用或用途表属性、作用或用途 the reading room = the room for reading An operating table= a table for operation
10、 a walking stick_拐杖洗衣机_a washing machine_ sleeping pills_安眠药工作时间_working time_ reading materials_阅读材料_ 2.表动作或状态表动作或状态 the rising sun =the sun that/which is rising the boys playing basketball= the boys who/that are playing basketball The houses being built= the houses _which/that are being built_ 归纳用
11、法： 1）与修饰词主动关系用_doing_, 被动关系用_being done_ 2）表动作或状态可与从句替换 3）单个 doing 作_前置_定语，短语做_后置_定语。 正在飘落的叶子_the falling leaves_沸腾的水_the boiling water_ 正在维修的桥_the bridge being built now_ 注意注意：在下列情况下，不能用现在分词(短语)作定语，应使用定语从句： (1)作定语的现在分词(短语)表示的动作与主句谓语动词所表示的动作不是同时 发生，要使用定语从句。 The professor coming here yesterday will g
12、ive us a lecture.() The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.() (2)现在分词的完成式 having done 不能作后置定语，可以用一个定语从句代替， 或者加上逗号以示分隔停顿和补充之用。 The people having known the situation well could deal with the problem efficiently.() The people who have known the situation well, could deal with the
13、problem efficiently.() The people, having known the situation well, could deal with the problem efficiently.() 3.形容词化的形容词化的 doing 形式形式 a terrifying experience_一次令人害怕的经历_ an amazing success _一次令人 惊讶的成功_ a boring lesson _一堂无聊的课_ the disappointing boy_这个令人失望的男孩_ 令人振奋的消息_exciting news _一部有趣的电影_an intere
14、sting film Exercises: Fill in the blanks. 1. In a study _describing_(describe) the technology, the researchers had a hundred volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. 2.The stadium _being built _(build) at present in our city is intended for the _coming_(come)Asian Games.
15、 3. The flowers _smelling_(smell) sweet in the garden attract visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature. 4. There is little evidence _showing_(show) that staring at the computer for a long time does harm to our eyes. 5. A woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood to accept his six year old son
16、g, who has a_hearing_(hear) disability. 6.The lecture, _starting_(start) at seven clock last night, was followed by an observation of the room with telescopes. 7. Girls _looking_( look) after small children get 3,000 yuan a month. 8. Can you see the star _moving(move) in the sky? 9. Seeing_(see) the
17、 fountain, I couldnt help thinking of my last visit to the park. 10. Having returned_(return) from a long bike ride, I was tired and bathed in sweat. 11. Not having received_(receive) the helmet, I telephoned the seller. 12. It rained heavily,_causing_(cause) severe flooding in that country. 13. Whe
18、n_crossing (cross) the street, do be careful. 14. Having caught_(catch) the early bus from Paddington, I got to the office earlier that day. 15. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using_(use) the sun and the stars. Complete the phrases and sentences: 1. 位于我国南部的村庄_a village lying in the s
19、outh of our country_ 2. 面朝街道的房间_a room facing the street_ 3. 在河边读书的男孩_a boy reading by the river_ 4. 立在角落的书架_a bookshelf standing in the corner_ 5. 正在讨论的问题_the question being discussed_ 6. 正在装修的餐厅_the restaurant being decorated_ 7. _Generally speaking_(一般说来), women live longer than men. 8. _Turning right_(向右转弯), you will find a path leading to his cottage. 9. _Working hard_(努力工作), you will make your way in the company. =_Work hard_, and you will make your way in the company. 10._When hearing the good news (当听到这个好消息时), he jumped with joy.
