（2019新教材）外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册 语言知识点总结（全册6份打包）.zip

1 Unit 5 Revealing nature 1重点短语重点短语 1.date back to 表示“起源于,追溯到”,相当于 date from;常用一般现 在时。 All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and may date back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago. 所有物品都来自同一个遗址三星堆遗址,它们能追溯到 3 000 至 5 000 年前。 【名师点津】 date back to 和 date from 一般不用于进行时态。作后置定语时,常用 动词-ing 形式。 2.make a profit 赚取利润 do sth for profit 为赢利而做某事 gain much profit from 从中获得许多益处 profit by sth 从中获取教益(无被动) profit from sth 得益于某事物;得到某事物的帮助 there is little profit in doing sth 做某事利润少 3.crowd n.拥挤,挤满 a crowd of 一群;一伙;一堆 crowds of 许多 follow(go with)the crowd 随大流;人云亦云 4.adapt sth from 根据改编某物 2 adapt.for 为而改写/改编 adaptable adj.能适应的;可修改的 adaptation n.适应;改编;改写本 It was the culture,rather than the language,that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 是文化而不是语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。 5.give/show evidence of 有的迹象 give no evidence of 没有的迹象 evident adj.明显的;明白的;清楚的 be evident to sb that.某人清楚的是 It is (quite)evident that.很显然 The room gave evidence of a struggle. 这房间里有搏斗过的痕迹。 6.available for 可用于的;对有效的;能参加的 be available to 可以用来;对有效 There will also be paper ballots available for voters who want to use them. 同样有纸质选票供投票人选用。 7.suspicious adj.可疑的;怀疑的;多疑的 be suspicious of 对起疑 suspiciously adv.怀疑地;猜疑地 How do you advertise a social movement that is suspicious of advertising? 你要如何为一个对广告持怀疑态度的社会运动做广告呢? 3 8.in/with regard to/as regards/regarding 关于,至于 regard.as 把看作 in this/that regard 在这/那方面;在这/那一点上 give my best regards (to sb)请代问候(某人);请代向某人致意 regardless of 不管,不顾 9.characteristic adj.典型的;特有的;表示特性的 characteristically adv.典型地;表示特性地 character n.性格,品质;特性;角色vt.印,刻;使具有特征 10.blameless adj.清白的;无可责备的;无过失的 blame on 把责任推给;怪到头上 10.on the decline 在衰退中,走下坡路 fall into decline 衰落 decline to do sth 拒绝做某事 He declined to answer my questions. 他拒绝回答我的问题。 11.survive sth 从中幸存下来 survive on sth 靠存活下来 survive sb 比某人活得长 survivor n.幸存者;生还者 survival n.幸存 They survived on leaves when they were lost. 他们迷路时靠吃树叶生存。 4 12.besides/in addition to 除之外(还) as well as 可以用于同级比较,意为“和一样好” 。 as well 是副词短语,其意思为“也”,相当于 too,它一般放在句末,有时 和连词 and 或 but 搭配使用。 13.the amount of.的数量 a large/great amount of+n.U大量的(作主语时,谓语用单数) large amounts of+n.U大量的(作主语时,谓语用复数) amount to 总计,合计 in amount(=in all)总之,总计;在数量上 in large/small amount 大/小量地;大/小批地 A large amount of money was spent on the project.=Large amounts of money were spent on the project. 这项工程花费了大量金钱。 14.be linked to/with 与有联系;与连接 link A with/to B 把 A 与 B 连接起来 link up(with)sb/sth 与结合/联系 He believed that these creatures are linked to a common ancestor,an animal that lived in Asia some 300,000 years ago. 他认为,这些生物与一个共同的祖先相关联,该生物生活于约 30 万年 前的亚洲。 2重点句式 5 1.It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.是一个年轻人没有完成学位就离开了医学院。 【句式剖析】该句子为 It was.who.为结构的强调句,强调主语 a young man。 【句式拓展】 强调句的基本结构: It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分. Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分? 特殊疑问词+is/was it+that+其他部分? 强调“not.until”结构中由 until 引导的短语或从句时,结构为:It is/was not until.that+其余部分。 【温馨提示】强调句中的 it 不能更换,be 动词与其余部分的时态一致,数 的形式不受强调部分单复数的影响;被强调部分可以是除谓语动词以 外的任何成分,被强调部分是人可用 that/who 指代,其他一律用 that 指 代;被强调部分若是原句的主语,who/that 之后的谓语动词的人称和数 与该主语一致。 2.Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other.科学家们每天都在学习更多关于植物相互交 流的秘密方式。 【句式剖析】该句子中 in which 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 the secret ways。 way 表示“方法/方式”作定语从句的先行词时,定语从句的关系词的选 6 择如下: 如果定语从句不缺少成分时,in.way“以/用的方法/方式”作状语, 则关系词选用以下三种其中任意一种:in which,that 或省略不用关系 词。 1 UNIT1 Laugh out loud! 一、重点短语一、重点短语 1.【词汇精讲】mood 为名词,表示“心情;情绪;气氛”。 Im not in the mood to disagree with you. 我没有心思跟你争论。 【词汇拓展】 have a/an.mood 有心情 in the mood for (doing) sth/to do sth 有心情做某事 in a good/no mood 心情好/没有心情 He had an angry mood yesterday. 昨天他有一种愤怒的情绪。 plain (to sb)about/of sth(向某人)抱怨某事 complain that.抱怨 complaint n. 抱怨; 投诉 make/have a complaint against/about. 对投诉 She is always complaining of her toothache to the doctor.她老是跟大夫 2 抱怨她牙痛。 3. 【词汇精讲】approach 作动词时,意为“接近,靠近;走近”;approach 还有名词的词性,表示“接近;方法;途径;通道”,常与介词 to 连用。 【词汇拓展】 approach sb/sth 靠近/接近某人/某物 (an) approach to (doing) sth 与性质或特点相似的事物;(做某事)的 方法/途径 make an approach to 与进行探讨;接洽 I appreciate the professors new approach to teaching languages. 我欣赏这位教授教语言的新方法。 4.put aside 搁置一边;储存 put away 放好;收起来 put back 放回;收回 put forward 提出 put in 插入;放进;提出 put off 推迟;延期 put out 生产;扑灭 3 put up 举起;张贴;建造 put up with 忍受,容忍 5.be designed for/to do sth 旨在/打算被用来做某事 by design 故意地;蓄意地 be designed as 被设计成 This project designed to help jobless people just didnt work out as planned. 设计这个项目本来是要帮助那些无工作的人们,结果却和计划的不一 样。 6.no more than 只不过;仅仅 not more than 不超过;至多 more.than.与其说不如说 The meeting lasted no more than an hour. 会议只开了一个小时。 In my view,he was more lazy than stupid. 依我看来,与其说他笨倒不如说他懒。 7.be typical of.典型的,有代表性的 4 its typical of sb to do sth 某人做某事一向如此 typically adv.典型地,有代表性地 It is said that this painting is typical of his early works.据说这幅画是他 早期的代表作。 8.cheer sb on (比赛中)为某人喝彩;为某人加油 cheer for 为而欢呼 Cheers!(用于祝酒)干杯! They gathered round her and cheered her on. 他们聚集在她旁边为她加油。 8.concentrate on (doing)sth 专心(做)某事 concentrate ones mind/ones attention/oneself on 集中注意力于;致力于;专 心于 concentration n.集中;专心 focus on 集中精力于 fix/focus ones mind/attention on/upon.集中注意力于 Speaking on the phone requires concentration and takes a drivers attention from the road. 打电话需要集中注意力,这样就分散了司机对路面的注意力。 5 9.replace sth with/by sth 用替换 take the place of=take ones place 代替 in place of 代替 Ill replace the cup I have broken with a new one. 我将用一只新杯子赔偿被我打碎的那只。 No one could take her mothers place in her mind. 没有人可以取代她母亲在她心目中的地位。 10.in return (for.)作为的交换;作为的报答 by turns 轮流;时而时而 You mentioned that you would like to teach me English in return,which is exactly what I am dying for. 你提到你想教我英语作为回报,这正是我所渴望的。 11.impress sb with/by sth 某事给某人留下深刻印象 impress sth on/upon sb 使某人意识到(重要性等) impression n.印象;印记 leave/make a(n).impression on sb 给某人留下的印象 impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的;感人的 6 She impressed the audience with a beautiful song at the stage. 她在舞台上演唱那首优美的歌曲给观众留下了深刻印象。 12.annoy v.使不高兴 annoy sb 使某人不高兴 annoyed adj.不高兴的 be annoyed with sb 对某人生气 be annoyed at/about sth 因某事生气 be annoyed by.被惹恼 I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me. 我能明白,他做这一切就是为了烦我。 14.【词汇精讲】wake up 为动词短语,表示“(使)醒来”。 If it is possible,try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. 如果可能的话,试着每天在同一时间睡觉和醒来。 【词汇拓展】 wake up to 认识到 He hasnt yet woken up to the seriousness of the situation. 他还没意识到情况的严重性。 7 【温馨提示】当 wake up 后面跟代词作宾语时,把代词放在 up 前面。 2、重点句式 1.As I approach the hospital wearing my white coat,I look just like any other doctor.当我穿着白大褂走近医院时,我看起来就像其他医生一样。 【句式剖析】 as 意为“随着;当时”,引导时间状语从句。 You will grow wiser as you grow older. 你会随着年龄的增长而越来越聪明。 As our life improves,we find little time to gather with our friends. 随着生活水平的提高,我们发现和朋友的聚会变少了。 【句式拓展】 as 用作从属连词的用法: 引导原因状语从句,意为“由于;因为”。 引导时间状语从句,强调主从句谓语动词的同时性,意为“当时 候;一边一边;随着”。 引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管;虽然;即使”,句子要用倒装结构。 引导方式状语从句,意为“以方式;按照”。 引导比较状语从句,意为“和一样”。 8 【名师指津】as 是连词,意为“随着”,引导时间状语从句;with 是介词, 意为“随着”,后接名词或代词等,构成 with 短语或 with 复合结构。 2.While there might be more hospital visits ahead for Lara and others,I hope that clown doctors help make it a friendlier place to visit.虽然劳拉 和其他人可能还会再进几次医院接受治疗,但我希望小丑医生能使这 里成为一个更友好的场所。 【句式剖析】此句包含一个 while 引导的让步状语从句,通常表示“虽 然,尽管”。 【句式拓展】 while 可引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管;虽然”。 while 可引导时间状语从句,意为“当时,在时”。 while 可以用来表示对比,意为“然而,可是”。 1 Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 1、重点短语重点短语 1.give up 为动词短语,表示“放弃”,其后可跟名词、代词或动词-ing 形 式。 I was on the point of giving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on. 我正要放弃时,我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。 【词汇拓展】 give in to sb/sth 向投降/屈服/让步;上交 give away 赠送;给予;泄露 give back 归还;恢复 give off 发出(气味、气体等) give out 散发(声、光、热等);用完;耗尽;分发 Finally,the enemy had to give in to us. 最后,敌人不得不向我们投降。 2.inform sb of sth 通知/告知某人某事 2 inform sb that.通知某人 keep sb informed of.使某人随时了解 Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible.地址如有 变更请尽快通知我们。 3.have.in common with 与有共同之处 have something in common 有一些共同点 have nothing in common 无共同之处 I have something in common with Jane. 我和简有一些共同之处。 4. make comments/a comment on/about sth 评论某事 comment on sth 评论某事 He made a comment on/about my performance. 他对我的表现进行了点评。 5.turn away 拒绝入内;把打发走 turn up 出现;露面;调大 turn out 证明是;结果是;赶走;生产 3 turn over 打翻;翻身;移交 Some compromises were unavoidable,but the video turned out perfect. 一些妥协是不可避免的,但视频结果是极好的。 6.work on= work at,表示“从事,致力于”,其后跟名词或动词-ing 形式。 He is working on a new novel. 他正在写一部新小说。 【词汇拓展】 work out 解决;算出;锻炼 His doctor has worked out a safe treatment plan for him.他的医生给他制 订了一个安全的治疗方案。 7.make a response to 对做出回答/应 in response to 对做出反应 respond v.回答;响应;反应 respond to 答复;对做出反应 I want to know why the teacher made no response to the students mistake. 我想知道老师为什么没有对这个学生所犯的错误做出反应。 4 8.due to 表示“由于,因为” 。 I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.我想 我之所以长寿而且精力充沛,要归功于我的健康生活。 【词汇拓展】 due adj.应支付的,应给予的;到期的;预定的 be due to do sth 预定/计做某事 be due for sth 预定/计某事 (be)due to sb 应支付/给予/归于某人 Rose is due to start school in January.罗斯一月份就要开始上学了。 9.inspire vt.启迪,赋予灵感;激励,鼓舞 inspire sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 inspired adj.受到鼓舞的;有灵感的 The teacher inspires his students to give their opinions actively even if they are different from his own. 老师鼓励他的学生积极地给出他们的意见,即使他们与他自己的不同。 10.It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.值得做某事。 5 worthwhile doing 值得做 be (well)worth doing (非常)值得做 be worth the money/an effort/a try 值得花钱/努力/一试 be worth it 值得一干;值得花精力(或时间) She is an ordinary woman but she is really worth respecting. 她是个普通的女人,但她真的值得尊重。 11.be enthusiastic about 对热心,热衷于 enthusiasm n.热情;热忱 enthusiast n.热衷者 My friend Jack is enthusiastic about travelling. 我的朋友杰克热衷于旅行。 Mr Smith is a golfing enthusiast. 史密斯先生是一个高尔夫球爱好者。 Successful people do things with great enthusiasm,especially when they believe in what they are doing. 成功的人做事很有热情,尤其是当他们对自己所做的事有信念的时候。 6 12.have a(n).effect on 对产生影响 come into effect 见效;起作用 in effect 实际上 affect v.影响;感染;感动 pete with/against.for.为争取而与对抗/竞争 compete in 参加比赛;在方面竞争 competitive adj.有竞争力的 competition n.比赛 competitor n.竞争者;对手 We cant compete against/with other countries if we dont develop our national economy.如果我们不发展我们的国民经济,我们就不能与其他 国家竞争。 2、重点句式 1.This,however,was a time when women were not encouraged to become writers.然而,这是一个不鼓励女性成为作家的时代。 【句式剖析】该句子中 when 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 a time。 7 He will always remember the day when his father returned from America. 他将永远记得他父亲从美国返回的那一天。 【句式拓展】 (1)当 when 引导定语从句时,大多数时候定语从句的先行词都是比较 明显的时间词,比如:time,year,month 等。但是,有一些抽象的先行词具 有模糊时间概念的,比如:stay,visit,occasion,interval,moment,span,age 等。 此时,如果定语从句需要用关系副词连接,同样也用 when。 I will brand my golden stay in Paris on my heart when I led a fruitful life. 我会将我在巴黎那段收获颇丰的日子铭记于心。 (2)when 还可引导时间状语从句,用来修饰动词,表示动作或状态发生 的时间。 James pretended to be deaf when I spoke to him. 当我和詹姆斯说话时,他假装听不见. 2.So,it seems that talent alone isnt enough to guarantee success.因此,似 乎仅凭才能不足以保证成功。 【句式剖析】It seems that.表示“看起来”,强调根据一定的事实 所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断。该句式可以转换成“名词或代 词+seem+动词不定式”句型,其意不变,如果动词不定式为 to be + 形容 词时,to be 往往省略。 8 3.It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.=No one seems to know what has happened in the park. 看起来没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。 【句式拓展】 It seems as if.也表示“看起来;似乎”。该句型表示可能:若从 句表示的是很可能实现的事情,从句谓语用陈述语气;若从句表示的是 与事实相反的假设或实现的可能性很小的事情时,则从句谓语要用虚 拟语气。 It seems as if it were autumn. 现在仿佛是秋天似的。 On the fourth day,I was so tired that I even didnt want to get out of bed. 第四天,我累得都不想起床。 【句式剖析】该句子中包含 so.that 引导的结果状语从句。so.that. 意为“如此以至于”。 The man is so fat that he cant take care of himself. 那个人太胖了,以至于连自己都照顾不了。 4.Nevertheless,looking on the bright side is the best thing that we can do for ourselves as well as for others.然而,乐观是我们能为自己和他人做 的最好的事情。 9 【句式剖析】该句子中 looking on the bright side 为动词-ing 形式作主 语;that we can do for ourselves 为定语从句修饰先行词 the best thing。 动词-ing 形式作主语可放在句首,谓语动词用单数。动词-ing 形式作 主语往往表示比较笼统的、一般的或习惯性的动作。 Reading good books makes us happy. 读好书使我们快乐。 1 Unit 3 Faster,higher,stronger 1、重点短语 1.attach great importance/significance to sth 认为非常重要/很有意 义 attached adj.依恋的;附加的 be attached to 附属于;依恋 Do you attach any importance to what he said? 你认为他说的话重要吗? 2.in the direction of.朝方向 under ones direction 在某人的指导下 direct sb to do sth 指示/命令某人做某事 direct adj.直接的;直率的v.给指路;指导 directly adv.直接地;立即conj.一就 The boss directed his employees to work hard. 老板命令员工们努力工作。 3.adjust sth to sth 调整以适应 adjust to sth/doing sth 适应于(做) adjust oneself to 使自己适应于 adjustment n.调整;调节;适应 make an adjustment/adjustments to.对做出调整 Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness. 宇航员在飞行中必须适应失重状态。 2 To our delight,the kids quickly adjusted themselves to the surroundings. 令我们高兴的是,孩子们很快适应了环境。 4.carry on with/doing sth 继续做某事 carry off 赢得;获得(奖品、荣誉等) carry out 实行;执行;进行;履行(诺言;义务等) carry through 帮渡过(难关等);维持;完成 Please carry on with your work. 请你继续工作吧。 She carried off the first prize. 她获得了一等奖。 5.expect to do sth 期望做某事;预计会发生某事 expect sb/sth to do sth 期望某人/物做某事;预料某人/物会做某事 as expected 不出所料;正如预期的 In peace,too,the Red Cross is expected to send help wherever there is human suffering. 即便是在和平年代,人们也希望红十字会能把帮助送到任何有人受苦 的地方。 6.set about (doing sth)着手做某事 set aside 保留;储蓄;暂时把放在一边 set up 开办,建立,设立;建造,搭起 set back 使退后;使延迟 set off 出发,动身;使爆炸;引起 3 He tried to set aside a few minutes each day for his exercise.他每天尽量 抽出几分钟时间来锻炼。 7.valuable adj.贵重的;有价值的 be of value=be valuable 有价值的 attach value to sth 认为有价值 make it no value doing sth 使做某事毫无价值 As we all know,time is the most valuable wealth that one can have.众所 周知,时间是最宝贵的财富。 8.fight for 为而战斗(竞争) fight against 对抗 fight ones way 奋力前进;打(挤,推)出一条路 Mr Lee decided to fight for the protection of the environment. 李先生决定为保护环境而战。 9.the rest of 表示“剩余的,其余的” 。 He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season. 他被确认为本赛季余下时间的队长。 10.keep.free from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等);使不含(有害物) keep on 继续 keep.open 使开着 keep up with 与同步;跟上 keep in touch with 保持联系 If we keep on,well succeed at last. 4 如果我们坚持下去,我们最后会成功的。 11.take part in=participate in 参加,参与 take an active part in 积极参加/参与 play a part in 在中起作用;在中扮演角色 As well as being a volunteer of the World Expo herself,she also persuaded us to take part in it. 除了她自己做世博会志愿者以外,她还说服我们也参加。 12.volunteer to do sth 自愿干某事 volunteer oneself to do sth 自愿干某事 voluntary adj.自愿的;主动的 A large number of volunteers from the university volunteer to teach in the remote villages. 大批大学生志愿者自愿到偏远的乡村任教。 13.encounter with 碰撞(与冲突);偶然碰到 These tools address issues that you may encounter with configuration management,mail flow,performance,and disaster recovery. 这些工具可用于解决您可能遇到的配置管理、邮件流、性能和灾难 恢复方面的问题。 14.in honour of 为了纪念;为了表示对的敬意 have the honour of doing/to do 有做的荣幸 it is an honour to do sth 做某事是荣幸的 be/feel honoured to do sth 很荣幸做某事 5 be honoured with.被授予 2、重点句式 1.I know it inspires a lot of the next generation,a lot of people who love the game of basketball to value the skill of it,value the fact that you can work every single day to get better.我知道它激励了很多下一代,很多热 爱篮球运动的人珍视篮球运动的技巧,看重每天的努力都能让自己变 得更好的事实。 【句式剖析】在该句中 who love the game of basketball to value the skill of it 为定语从句,修饰先行词 a lot of people;that you can work every single day to get better 引导同位语从句,修饰名词 the fact。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你从哪儿听说我不能来的? 【句式拓展】 同位语从句是名词性从句中的一种,它跟在某些名词之后,对这些名词 的内容、含义做具体的解释说明,其中的引导词 that 为连词,在从句中 虽不作任何成分,但不能省略,除 that 外, when,where,why,how,what,whether 等都可以引导同位语从句。 2.And there we see the Chinese players embracing,with tears of happiness in their eyes.在那里,我们看到中国球员拥抱在一起,眼里含着幸福的 泪水 【句式剖析】该句子中 see the