1、Unit 3-Lesson 1 核心考点归纳核心考点归纳 【核心词汇短语及用法归纳】【核心词汇短语及用法归纳】 account vt.认为是，视为认为是，视为 n描述，报道；描述，报道；(银行银行)账户；账目；解释，说明账户；账目；解释，说明 教材原句 Read the three readers accounts. 读三位读者的描述。 归纳拓展 (1)account for说明(原因等)；做出解释；占(比例) (2)on account of由于，因为 on any account无论如何 on no account绝不 take account of/take.into accountta
2、ke.into consideration考虑 典例示范 You should take these facts into account. These facts should be taken into account. 你应将这些事实加以考虑。 How do you account for making so many mistakes in your homework? 你如何解释作业中出现了这么多错误？ 名师点津 on no account 置于句首时，句子部分倒装。 attach vt.贴；固定；附上贴；固定；附上 教材原句 Next，the Chinese character F
3、u was attached upside down to our front door. 接着，汉字“福”被倒着贴在门上。 归纳拓展 (1)attach sth.to.把某物连接到/固定在/附在上 attach importance/significance to.重视；认为重要/有意义/有价值 (2)attached附属于；为工作；依恋；爱慕 be attached to.被连接到；爱慕 an attached school附属学校 典例示范 Attach a recent photograph to your application form before handing it in.
4、申请表上请贴一张近照再上交。 I attach great significance to the summit meeting. 我认为这次峰会会议具有重要意义。 This hospital is attached to Hefei Medical University nearby. 这个医院附属于附近的合肥医科大学。 congratulation n 恭喜；祝贺恭喜；祝贺 归纳拓展 (1)congratulation n祝贺，恭贺(常用复数形式) congratulations(to sb.)on sth. 祝贺(某人)某事 (2)congratulate sb.on sth.祝贺某人某
5、事 congratulate oneself on(doing)sth.庆幸自己(做)某事 典例示范 He congratulated himself on having survived the air crash. 他庆幸自己在空难中幸免于难。 We congratulated him on having passed the examination. 我们祝贺他通过了考试。 I send you my warmest congratulations on your success. 我对你的成功致以最热烈的祝贺。 come to an end 结束结束 教材原句 Amid the boo
6、m of firecrackers a year has come to an end，and the spring wind has wafted warm breath to the wine. 爆竹声中一岁除，东风送暖入屠苏。 归纳拓展 bring an end to sth.bring sth.to an end 使结束 put an end to sth.结束，消除 come to an end结束 in the end最终，终于 end in以告终，最后的结果是 end up with以结束 典例示范 When will we bring an end to the war bet
7、ween the USAand Iraq? 我们何时才能使美伊战争结束？ The exploration ended in failure. 这次探险活动以失败告终。 The discussion finally came to an end. 讨论终于结束了。 let off 使某物爆炸使某物爆炸 教材原句 Fireworks were being let off across the city. 烟花在城市上空燃放。 归纳拓展 let out放出；泄露 let sb.down使某人失望 let in让进来，放进 let alone更不用说，更谈不上 let.alone不打扰，不惊动 典例示
8、范 Im afraid she let us down badly. 很遗憾，她让我们大失所望。 The boys were letting off fireworks. 那些男孩在放烟花。 With each bump of the airplane he would let out a giggle of delight. 飞机的每一次颠簸都让他发出咯咯的笑声。 occasion n重要的社交活动；时刻；时候重要的社交活动；时刻；时候 归纳拓展 (1)on one occasion有一次 on that occasion那时；在那种情况下 on occasion偶尔 (2)occasion
9、al adj.偶尔的；不经常的；特殊场合的 occasionally adv.偶然地；偶尔；有时 典例示范 On one occasion，she called me in the middle of the night. 有一次，她半夜给我打电话。 He has been known on occasion to lose his temper. 大家都知道他有时会发脾气。 He managed to remain cool by swimming occasionally 他不时地游泳来使自己保持凉快。 名师点津 当 occasion 后接定语从句时， 其引导词要依据 occasion 的
10、含义及在从句中所作的 成分来确定。 当 occasion 作先行词，其含义为“场合；庆典”时，应将它看作充当从句中的地点 状语，用 where 来引导； 当表示“机会；时刻”时，应将它看作充当从句中的时间状语，用 when 来引导。 put up 修建；举起；提供膳宿；张贴修建；举起；提供膳宿；张贴 教材原句 to put up decorations 搭建装饰品 归纳拓展 put up with容忍，忍受 put off推迟，延期 put down写下，记下；放下 put away把收拾起来；把钱、物等储存起来 put on穿上；打开；增加(体重等)；假装；采纳 典例示范 Theyre pu
11、tting up several new office blocks in the centre of town.建造 The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.张贴 If you have any questions，put up your hands.举起 They agreed to put two foreign students up over the summer.提供食宿 I have to put up with my cats fur all over the house. 我必须要忍受我的猫在我的房子里掉了满地的
12、猫毛。 Just because of the rain，the sports meet was put off. 都是下雨，运动会才延期的。 I only put away the things that might prove to be a danger to a child. 我只是把可能对孩子造成危险的东西收了起来。 scare sb./sth.away 把把吓跑吓跑 教材原句 Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian. 陈女士说这是为了吓走“年”兽。 归纳拓展 (1)scared adj.惊恐的，担惊受怕的 b
13、e scared of doing.不敢做 to do.害怕做 that.害怕 be scared to death吓得要命 (2)scare vt.使某人受惊；惊吓n.恐慌；惊恐 scare sb.away/off把某人吓跑/吓退 scare sb.into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事 典例示范 She tries to scare the child into behaving well. 她试图恐吓那孩子让其守规矩。 She was scared to death to wait for the result of her entrance examination in the
14、middle of June. 在六月中旬，她非常害怕地等着入学考试成绩。 The little girl was scared to go out alone in the evening. 晚上小女孩不敢独自外出。 语境助记 The little girl is scared of going across the bridge because she is scared to fall into the river. surround vt.环绕；围绕环绕；围绕 教材原句 Every year， the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded
15、by Shanxi accentsand I know that I am heading home to my family. 每年，一坐上火车，就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了与回家的路。 归纳拓展 (1)surround sb./sth.with.使包围某人/某物 be surrounded by/with.被包围/环绕 surround反身代词with.喜欢结交(某类人)；喜欢身边总有(某类东西) (2)surrounding adj.周围的，附近的 surroundings n.周围的事物；环境；气氛 典例示范 People say it is Canadas most beau
16、tiful city，surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. 人们说它是加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环抱。 He loves to surround himself with his family and friends. 他喜欢与家人和朋友在一起。 Id like to bring up my child in healthy surroundings 我想在健康的环境中养育我的孩子。 【核心句式】【核心句式】 教材原句 Every year， the moment I get on the train，I am surrounde
17、d by Shanxi accentsand I know that I am heading home to my family. 每年一坐上火车，就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了与回家的路。 归纳拓展 句中 the moment I get on the train 是 the moment 引导的时间状语从句， the moment 表示“一就”。 表示“一就”的形式还有： 1the minute/second/instant 2immediately/directly/instantly 3hardly.when.；no sooner.than. 4as soon as. 5onn
18、./doing. 典例示范 I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。 No sooner had he arrived than he fell sick. 他刚抵达就病倒了。 They were presented with flowers on arrival/arriving at the airport. 在他们到达机场时，向他们献了花。 教材原句 I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival，as train ti
19、ckets or flights have to be booked as early as possible. 通常春节前数周我就开始计划回山西的旅程，因为要尽早订火车票或飞机票。 归纳拓展 句中的 as 作连词，表示原因。意为“因为”。 (1)as 作为从属连词，可以引导下列从句 a时间状语从句，意为“正当的时候”、“一面一面”、“随着”， 从句可放主句之前或主句之后。 b引导方式状语从句，意为“如同”、“按照的方式、样子、办法”。as 从句 总跟在主句之后。 cas 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，多在主句之前，且多用倒装。(应将从句 主要成分的形容词、副词、原形动词、不加冠词的单数名词
20、置于 as 前面)。 das 引导比较状语从句，意为“和一样/不一样”。表示同级的比较。使用时 要注意第一个 as 为副词(意为“那么”“如此”)，第二个 as 为连词(引导的比较状语 从句常常用省略)。其基本结构为：asadj./adv.as。 (2)as 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，既可以单独使用，也可以与其他词连 用，其用法要比 that 和 which 更为复杂，而且 as 在定语从句中可以充当主语、 宾语、介词宾语、表语，可以指人也可指物。 (3)as 作为介词的用法：表示“好像，作为，当作”。 典例示范 As he walked on，he felt himself getti
21、ng more and more tired. 随着他继续走，他感到他越来越劳累。 Difficult as it is，we should not give it up. 尽管很难，我们不应该放弃。 This film is as interesting as that one. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。 【语法归纳】【语法归纳】 教材原句 1.Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family. 2.First，the house was cleaned from top to bottom. 3.Fireworks wer
22、e being let off across the city. 4.The night sky was lighted up by them. 5.I am surrounded by Shanxi accents. 6.Great fun is also enjoyed in the kitchen as the dumplings are being made. 现象解析 以上各句均为被动语态。 其中 1、5、6 句为一般现在时的被动语态；具体结构是：am/is/are done； 2、4 句为一般过去时的被动语态，具体结构是：was/were done； 3 句为过去进行时的被动语态，
23、具体结构是 was/were being done； 6 句为现在进行时的被动语态，具体结构为 am/is/are being done。 归纳拓展 一、基本知识 (一)概念 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。 语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。 (二)构成 被动语态一般由“助动词 be及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词 be 本身无 词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。 (三)用法 1借助被动的动作突出动作的受动者。 The bike was knocked down by a naughty boy. 这
24、辆自行车被一个调皮的小男孩撞倒了。 2讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。(这时可省略 by 短语) My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 3习惯用法的需要。 这类词常见的有 born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate 等。 He was born in China in 2017. 他于 2017 年出生在中国。 4为使句子更加合理、流畅。 The plan was supported by those who wished to live on the campus. 这计划得到希望住在校内的
25、人的支持。 即时训练 1用所给动词的正确形式填空 So what is the procedure? All the applicants are interviewed(interview)before a final decision is made by the authority. If nothing is done(do)，the oceans will turn into fish deserts. Mum ， I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I get paid(pay)on Friday. 二、
26、形式 时态名称被动语态形式 一般现在时am/is/are过去分词 一般过去时was/were过去分词 一般将来时will/shallbe过去分词 过去将来时wouldbe过去分词 现在进行时am/is/arebeing过去分词 过去进行时was/werebeing过去分词 现在完成时have/hasbeen过去分词 过去完成时hadbeen过去分词 She was seen to enter the hall. 有人看见她进了大厅。(一般过去时) The boy is often heard to play the piano. 人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。(一般现在时) Anew house
27、 will be built by us next year. 明年我们要建一栋新房子。(一般将来时) Ameeting was being held when I was there. 我到那儿时，正在开会。(过去进行时) The problem is being discussed at the meeting. 会议上正在讨论这个问题。(现在进行时) All these flowers have been watered. 这些花都浇过了。(现在完成时) The building had been completed before I arrived. 在我去之前那座建筑就已竣工了。(过
28、去完成时) These books may be kept for two weeks. 这些书可以借两周。(含情态动词) 名师点津 被动语态中的 be 动词有时可用 get 来代替。“get过去分词”一般用来谈论 突然发生的事件，只表示动作，不表示状态。 She got hurt on her way back home. 她在回家的路上受伤了。 即时训练 2用所给动词的正确形式填空 Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes，fortunately no one was hurt(hurt) The condition is usua
29、lly treated with drugs and a strict diet. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded(reward)with success in the end. 三、被动语态的注意事项 1不用被动语态的几种情况 (1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，die， disappear，rise，end，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，
30、come true，fall asleep，lose heart，take place 等。 The price has risen. 价格升高了。 The accident happened last week. 事故是上周发生的。 名师点津 要想正确地使用被动语态，就需注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。 特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。 解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意 积累。 (2)有些及物动词和及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，常见的有：fit，have， hold， marry， own， wish， cost， notice， watch， agree with， arriv
31、e at/in， shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to。 This key just fits the lock.这把钥匙适合这把锁。 Your story agrees with what he heard. 你的故事与他听到的相符。 2以主动形式表被动意义的动词 (1)表示状态特征的系动词，如 look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove 不用 于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。 The food tastes del
32、icious. 这食物味道鲜美。 The cotton feels soft. 棉花摸上去很软。 (2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如 open，shut，lock，sell，write，wash 习惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。 This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布好洗。 The engine wont start. 引擎发动不起来。 (3)need，want，require 作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的动名词用主动形式 表示被动含义。 The plan required discussing. 这项计划需要讨论。 即时训练 3用所给动词的正确形式填空 Your idea sounds(sound)a good one. This cheese doesnt cut(not cut)easily.Its too soft. The flowers in the garden needs watering(water)
