1、译林版选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 单元语法-不定式作主语和表语 Activity 1读文探究 阅读教材 P6 的一段短文，探究画线部分在句子中所作的成分。 (1)Not that long ago，my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. (2)To eat out was also a social activity，allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. (3)There are a variety of recipes in the ap
2、p to choose from. (4)When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try，I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish. (5)My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills. 1以上句子中的画线部分作主语的有句(2)和句(4)；作表语的有句(1)和句(5)。 2句(3)中的画线部分在句子中作的是定语；句
3、(5)中的 to show them my new-found skills 作 的是状语。 Activity 2感悟规律 1动词的不定式形式在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 2作主语的不定式太长时，为了使句子显得更加协调，可以用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的 主语不定式形式放在后面。 Activity 3语法精析 一、不定式作主语 通常表示个别的、具体的、一次性的或者具有将来含义的动作，并且句子谓语动词采用第三 人称单数形式。常见的不定式作主语的情况主要有三类： 1不定式直接作主语 To finish the work before Friday is not so easy. 在周五之前
4、完成这项工作没有那么容易。 本句中，主语是不定式 to finish the work，谓语是 is，采用单数形式。需要注意的是，动名 词也可以作主语， 但由于本句所表达的“在周五之前完成这项工作”是一种个别的、 具体的、 一次性的并具有将来含义的动作，所以本句只能采用不定式作主语。 为了更好地理解不定式作主语与动名词作主语的基本区别，特别举例如下： Smoking in public places is not good. 在公共场所吸烟不好。 本句采用动名词形式作主语，表示动作经常反复发生，而不是只针对某一次。 相反，上面的不定式作主语的那个例句中，to finish the work 所
5、表达的是具体的、个别的、 一次性的动作，而非经常反复性的动作。 2it 作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语 这种情况其实就是用 it 替代原本作主语的不定式在句中的位置，将原本作主语的不定式后 置。如： 动词不定式作主语时，相当于名词或代词的作用，谓语动词用单数。 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can seek. 爱与被爱是一个人所能寻找的最大的幸福。 为了避免头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语放在句首，作主语的不定式常置于句末。 It would be better for you to cycle around the
6、 lake. 你最好骑自行车绕湖一圈。 注意：(1)若要说明不定式表示的动作的发出者的话，要在不定式前加 for 引起的短语，构成 “for名词(或代词宾格)不定式”短语，这一短语被称为不定式的复合结构。 (2)在“It isadj.不定式复合结构”句型中，当其中的形容词是说明逻辑主语的性质、品 质时，要由 of 引出逻辑主语，不能用 for。这类形容词主要有 clever，foolish，kind，nice， polite，silly，stupid，wise 等。 Its easy for him to work out this math problem. 对他来说解出这道数学题很容易。
7、It was careless of him to drink the vinegar in that bottle by mistake. He was careless to drink the vinegar in that bottle by mistake. 他真粗心，误把那瓶醋喝了。 3“特殊疑问词不定式”作主语 常见的特殊疑问词有：what，who，which，when，where，why，how 等。采用“特殊疑问 词不定式”作主语，句子谓语同样采用第三人称单数形式。如： How to relieve the pain is a question. 如何缓解疼痛是一个问题。 W
8、here to hold the meeting hasnt been decided. 还没有定下来在哪儿举行会议。 二、不定式作表语 1某些系动词，如 be(是)，seem(看起来)，appear(看起来)，prove(证明)，turn out(结果)等， 后面可以接不定式作表语。如： His dream is to be a teacher. 他的梦想是成为一名老师。 The plan turns out (to be) right. 这个计划证明是正确的。 其中，除了 be 动词之外，seem，appear，prove，turn out 后面的表语若是以“to be.”的 形式出现，通
9、常可以省略 to be。 需要注意的是，有些系动词，如 sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(感觉)， become(成为)等，通常不可以接不定式作表语。 2“特殊疑问词不定式”作表语 常见的特殊疑问词有：what，who，which，when，where，why，how 等。“特殊疑问词 不定式”通常与 be 动词构成系表结构，作 be 动词的表语。如： The question is how to finish the work. 问题是如何完成这项工作。 三练习 .单句语法填空 1Our plan is _(set) up another middl
10、e school for the children. 2The rotting bananas are giving off a bad smell，so youd better throw them_. 3Much to our surprise，the short video turned out _(be) popular with teachers and students. 4It would take some 100 workers a years time _(complete) the project. 5Nothing will leave a deeper_(impres
11、s) on me than the splendid scenery of sunset on the beach. 6All her energies are focused on her children and she seems _(have) little time for anything else. 1.to set2 away3to be 4 to complete 5impression 6 to have .完成句子 1.定期更新数据是当前的一项重要任务。 _ 2.夏令营将于 6 月 14 日至 16 日在北京北海公园开始， 目的是提高参加者对中国文化的了解。 _ 3碰到生
12、词就查词典是浪费时间。 _ 4.医生的职责是治疗病人，救死扶伤。 _ 5.给我印象最深的是他对那时发生的事情的生动描述。 _ 6.这里的很多鱼不适合吃，所以就被扔掉了。 _ 1To update the data on a regular basis is an essential task at the moment. 2The summer camp will start from 14th to 16th June in Beihai Park in Beijing，whose aim is to improve participants knowledge of Chinese cul
13、ture. 3.It would be a waste of time to look up every new word as it comes along. 4The duty of a doctor is to treat the sick，to cure the injured，and to save lives. 5What impressed me most was his vivid description of what happened at that moment. 6Many of the fish here are not suitable for eating，so
14、they are thrown away. .单句语法填空 1Then we will know how important _ is to have meaning in our life. 2It is not a simple matter _(determine) the nature of talent. 3The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，not_(make) it more difficult. 4Another way of setting realistic goals is _(analyse) you
15、r short and long objectives. 5Whether travelling abroad will do harm to the senior or good remains _(see) 6My explanation seemed _(make) things worse，which drove me madder than before. 7It was a tradition for the schools old team_(play) against the new team at the end of spring practice. 8Most peopl
16、e believe that the best way to build a great team is_(gather) a group of the most talented individuals. 1.it2 to determine 3to make 4 to analyse5to be seen6to have made7 to play8 to gather .单句写作 1我想建议的是立刻开始工作。 _ 2说服简改变主意似乎是不可能的。 _ 3对她来说树立起这个小男孩的自信是非常重要的。 _ 4我们所需要做的就是待在家里，尽我们所能来对抗这种病毒。 _ 5晚上他唯一能做的就是安
17、静地读书。 _ 1What I want to suggest is to start work at once. 2It seems impossible to persuade Jane to change her mind. 3It is important for her to build up the little boys confidence. 4All we need to do is to stay at home and do what we can to fight against the virus. 5In the evening，the only thing he could do was (to) read a book quietly.
