1、 To explore the rules of to-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result To apply the rules To practice the rules AExploring the rules Anna is interviewing her teacher, Mr. Li, about his experiences during a hurricane. Find the sentences with to-infinitives and fill in the table below. The f
2、irst ones have been done for you. A1 Sentences with to-infinitives: 1) I was staying in Atlanta, and that was one of the cities to be hit. 2) I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane (n. 飓风飓风) was on its way. 3) The roads were blocked, so there was noting for me to do bu
3、t stay inside. 4) I had enough food and water to last a whole week! 5) When the wind and rain stopped, I looked out of the window, only to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere! 不定式前面的不定式前面的for短语用于引出其逻辑上的主语短语用于引出其逻辑上的主语 To-infinitive as attributives To-infinitive as adverbials
4、of result I was staying in Atlanta, and that was one of the cities to be hit. That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. The roads were blocked, so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside. I had enough food and water to last a whole wee
5、k! When the wind and rain stopped, I looked out of the window, only to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere! Working out the rules When the to-infinitive is used as an attributive, it is often put _ (before/after) the noun or pronoun it modifies. When the to-infinitive is used
6、 as an adverbial of result, it can refer to an _ (expected/unexpected) result. In this case, we often use only before the to-infinitive. after unexpected A2 v. 修饰修饰 动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词后面后面，与名词之，与名词之 间常有一定的逻辑关系。具体如下：间常有一定的逻辑关系。具体如下： 1. 名词或代词为动词不定式名词或代词为动词不定式的的逻辑主语逻
7、辑主语。如：。如： Wendy was the first student to arrive at school. 2. 名词或代词为名词或代词为不定式的不定式的逻辑宾语逻辑宾语。如：。如： I have a meeting to attend. 如果如果不定式是不定式是不及物动词不及物动词，需要加，需要加介词介词才能与才能与名词之间构成名词之间构成 动宾关系。如：动宾关系。如： This is a good topic to talk about. 3. 名词与不定式是名词与不定式是同位语关系同位语关系。如：。如： Who has the ability to do the work? S
8、he expressed a wish to make a change. They dont have the chance to carry out their strategy in this region. They are trying to find out a way to help the villages get rid of poverty. 常接不定式作定语的名词有：常接不定式作定语的名词有：ability, ambition, chance, wish, attempt, decision, moment, need, plan, promise, reason, ti
9、me, way, courage, opportunity 等。等。 4. 动词不定式作定语，有动词不定式作定语，有被动形式被动形式。如：。如： The house to be built there will be a library. He was the first person to be awarded such a prize. She made a list of the people to be invited. 5. 当中心词是当中心词是序数词序数词或被或被序数词、形容词最高级及序数词、形容词最高级及the next, the only, the last等限定时等限定时，常
10、用不定式作后置定语。，常用不定式作后置定语。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. She is the only person to be admitted to the committee. 动词不定式作结果状语，动词不定式作结果状语，常见于以下常见于以下结构：结构： 动词不定式作结果状语动词不定式作结果状语 1. 在在tooto(太太而不能而不能)结构中，表示反面结果，如结构中，表示反面结果，如： Its never too late to learn. He is too excited
11、to speak. 2. 在在enough to(如此如此以至于以至于)结构结构中。如：中。如： I was fortunate enough to get the ticket. I dont know him well enough to ask him for help. She was not strong enough to travel. 3. 在在never to 结构结构中。如：中。如： He left home, never to return. She left, never to be seen again. 4. 在在only to结构中结构中,不定式常表示不定式常表示
12、没有预料到的结果没有预料到的结果。如：。如： I hurried to the station, only to find the train gone. I rushed to the destination, only to find him not there. He returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him. 5. 在在so as to结构中。如：结构中。如： Jane sang so well as to come out first in the singing competition. T
13、he dogs are so fierce as to frighten away the deer. Who could be so mean (adj. 刻薄的，不善良的刻薄的，不善良的)as to do a thing like that? 6. 在在such + 名词名词 +as to结构中。如：结构中。如： We are not such fools as to believe him. She wont be such a careless person to forget to lock the door. B Applying the rules Match the first
14、 half of the sentences below with the correct to-infinitives. Write the letters in the blanks. Then try to understand the functions of the to- infinitives. B1 1. I went to the annual earthquake workshop 2. The authorities told the local people 3. They arrived at the airport 4. Before we returned hom
15、e, the flood damage needed 5. This was the last city a to be cleared of people before the volcano erupted. b to be repaired. c to stay inside when the typhoon arrived. d only to find the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm. e to learn some safety tips. e adverbial c object complement d ad
16、verbial b object a attributive to find books about hurricanes Below is Annas to-do list from yesterday afternoon. Complete the diary entry below using to-infinitives. B2 This afternoon, I went to the school library _ _. At 3 p.m., I arrived at Mr Lis office, only _. Just then, I saw a note from Mr.
17、Li on the office door saying he was in the meeting room. to find he was not in / out I went there and we talked about his experiences during a strong hurricane. Mr Li described the hurricane in great detail. He also mentioned a charity event to raise funds for the disaster area. Our interview ended
18、at 3:50 p.m. because Mr Li had a staff meeting _ at 4 p.m. Next I went through my notes of Mr. Lis experiences at 5 p.m. I went to the school computer room _. to attend to make PPT slides for my project staff n. (全体员工全体员工)，可接单数或复数谓语动词。，可接单数或复数谓语动词。 a member of staff / a staff member 一名员工一名员工 a staff
19、 of 10/50 10/50名员工名员工 Jim is talking to his friend Julie about his experience after the earthquake. In pairs, complete the conversation below using to-infinitives. B3 Julie: I heard the earthquake in your city was terrible. Did you move to a safe place? Jim: Yes. My neighborhood _. People from other
20、 neighborhoods followed later. was actually the first to leave Julie: Is it true that the emergency services provided everyone with sleeping bags? Jim: Yes. They did this _. Julie: Did you miss home? to make sure everyone had a place to sleep Jim: Yes, I did. I _, but I had to wait three weeks befor
21、e it was safe to go back. had nothing to do but miss home Julie: What did your home look like when you returned? Jim: I came home _. Nothing was left in one piece. only to find that everything had changed Julie: Im sorry to hear that. Did the authorities give you any advice? Jim: Yes. They _. encour
22、aged us to rebuild our homes 1. China has become the first country _ (land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. (2020全国卷全国卷I) 2. it means we have the chance _ (obtain) information about how the moon is constructed. (2020全国全国 卷卷I) 3. Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the tractor only _
23、 (see) it move suddenly away form me. (2020浙江浙江) to land to obtain to see I. Fill in the blankets with the correct forms. 1. The children all turned _ (look) at the famous actress as she entered the classroom. 2. Passengers are permitted _ (carry) one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 3. There m
24、ay be an opportunity for you _ (see) the premier. to look to carry to see 4. It took years of work _ (reduce) the industrial pollution. 5. The kids had been practicing hard for the party, only _ (tell) it was cancelled. 6. The new building _ ( complete) next year will be a city museum. to reduce to
25、be told to be completed II. Use to-infinitives to rewrite the following sentences. 1. Before a flood occurs, we must do something that can reduce the risk to people and their valuables. Before a flood occurs, we must do something to reduce the risk to people and their valuables. 2. Firstly, you shou
26、ld prepare disaster supplies like a light source, sleeping bags, and at least 3 days of food and drinking water. Firstly, you should prepare disaster supplies like a light source, sleeping bags, and food and drinking water to last at least 3 days. 3. You should bring the most important objects to th
27、e upper levels of your house. In this way, they will not be washed away by the flood. You should bring the most important objects to the upper levels of your house to avoid being washed away by the flood. 4. After a flood, listen for official news report and find out when its safe to return to your home. After a flood, listen for official news report to find out when its safe to return to your home. Review to-infinitives as attributives and adverbials. Do the Exercises on Page 64.
