1、Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Extended reading How to summarize a paragraph Summary Organize main points and minor points Step 3 Read for structure Step 2 Read for topic sentence Step 1 Rewrite and polish up language Step 4 Read for topic sentence Para. 3 The first way in which science is
2、of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do ei
3、ther good or badbut it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious valueeven though the power may be negated by what one does with it. Para. 1 When I was younger, I thought science would make good things for everybody. It was obviously useful; it was good. But then during
4、the war I worked on the atomic bomb. This result of science was obviously very seriousit represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk. I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science?” Topic sentence is not necessarily the first or last sentence. Pay attention to
5、discourse markers such as but, however, so, actually, etc. Read for topic sentence Para. 3 The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of scienc
6、e; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or badbut it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious valueeven though the power may be negated by what one does with it. SS1 SS2 CS Re
7、ad for structure TS SS1 CS SS2 Clarifying the logical relationship can help us identify the key and minor points. Read for structure Para. 3 The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course, if we make g
8、ood things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or badbut it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious valueeven though the power may
9、be negated by what one does with it. Organize main points and minor points 1. Delete the repeated information 2. Delete detailed information (examples, research process, statistics, quotations, description .) Principles scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things good things:
10、to the credit of science and moral choice bad things: no instructions on how to apply it valuable even though it may be negated main point main point minor points Version 1 The first value of science is that it enables us to make all kinds of things. Some are valuable to the credit of scientific pow
11、er and moral choice, but some are bad because there are no instructions on how to apply it. Even though it may be decided by the users, it has values. Use too many original words. Use too many simple sentences. The language is not concise. Polish up language do and make things createcreation inventi
12、nvention produceproduction make inventions and innovations all kinds of various a variety of a diversity of varieties of diversities of all sorts of Tip 1: using synonyms or their derivativesTip 1: using synonyms or their derivatives to the credit of owe . to . attribute . to . due to owing to on ac
13、count of Polish up language no instructions lack of instructions be short of instructions the absence of instructions valuable be of great value count for much Polish up language The first value of science is that it enables us to make all kinds of things. What comes first is the value of creation.
14、using a noun clause Tip 2: using different sentence Tip 2: using different sentence patternspatterns Polish up language Some are valuable to the credit of scientific power and moral choice, but some are bad because there are no instructions on how to apply it. Tip 2: using different sentence pattern
15、sTip 2: using different sentence patterns Some inventions are great as a result of scientific power and moral choice, while some are negative for lack of instructions. using an adverbial clause to clarify the logic Polish up language Some are valuable to the credit of scientific power and moral choi
16、ces, but some are bad because there are no instructions on how to apply it. Tip 2: using different sentence Tip 2: using different sentence patternspatterns using passive voice using specific sentence structure Despite the fact that science may be applied unwisely, there is no denying that the creat
17、ion is obvioulsy of great value. Polish up language Some are valuable to the credit of scientific power and moral choices, but some are bad because there are no instructions on how to apply it. Tip 2: using different sentence patternsTip 2: using different sentence patterns The value of creation is
18、mostly positive, depending on whether to use it properly. non-finite verbs are advised to express minor points. Polish up language content language Topic sentence is not necessarily the first or last sentence. Pay attention to discourse markers Clarify the logical relationship Delete the repeated in
19、formation and detailed information using synonyms or derivatives using phrases in place of words using different sentence patterns (noun clauses, adverbial clauses, attributive clauses, passive voice, non-finite verbs, etc.) Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us wi
20、th. When we look at any question deeply enough, we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again. With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still. Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over
21、each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could. Questions: 1. What is the topic sentence? 2. How is the p
22、aragraph developed? Whats the relationship between sentences? 3. What are the major points and minor points? 4. Form a summary and try to polish it. Practice Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with. When we look at any question deeply enough, we feel the excitem
23、ent and mystery coming to us again and again. With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still. Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wo
24、nderful questions and mysteries.Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could. topic sentence TS-minor point 1- minor point 2 - minor point 3 - minor point 4 Practice In addition, science can equip us with intellectual enjoyment, engulfing us with excitement and mystery, giving us a deeper insight and exploring more about the unknown than ever. linking words use a synonym Use non-finite verbs and parallelism Possible version Polish up your own writing and do the peer review. Homework
