1、Using language Review: noun clauses 名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连词有that、if、whether; 连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever/whatever.; 连接副词when、where、how、why等. 名词性从句都有其不同的含义及其用法。使用名词性从句时要 注意以下几点: 1.that引导的名词性从句 that引导名词性从句时本身无意义,只起连接作用,也不在句中作任 何成分。它引导的名词性从句结构和意义都完整,往往用于陈述事 实。引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
2、时,that不能省略。引 导宾语从句时,在口语和非正式文体中,that可省略。但下列情况 下,that不可省略: (1)that从句作介词的宾语; She remembered nothing about him except that he was from China. (2)that引导的从句位于句首时; That Earth goes around the sun is known to us all. (3)宾语从句前有插入语时; We hope , on the contrary , that he will go hiking with us. (4)动词后有多个that引导的宾
3、语从句时,第一个that可省略,从第二个从 句开始that不可省略; He told me (that) he had to go and that he would be back soon. (5)it作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中that往往不可省略。 He has made it clear that the meeting will not be put off. 2 it 做形式主语的句式：做形式主语的句式： (1)It+be+形容词(likely、unlikely、wrong、important、certain、 clear、obvious、strange、normal等
4、)+that从句 It isnt likely that I should accept such a good suggestion. (2)It+be+名词(短语)(good news、a fact、an honour、a wonder、no wonder等)+that从句 Its no wonder that he could succeed. (3)It+be+过去分词(heard、reported、decided、suggested、 advised、ordered、remembered、thought、considered、well- known、announced等)+that从
5、句 It is said that the meeting has been put off until next month. “ It + be+ ordered/requested/ suggested /advised /insisted /required.+that从句”结构中,从句谓语应用“(should+)动词原形”。 It is ordered that you (should) spend more time in studying. (4)It+特殊动词或短语(happen、matter、seem、appear、turn out、occur to、make no diff
6、erence等)+that从句 It suddenly occurred to her that Jim was afraid of being away. 3.whether与if的用法 (1)用whether或if均可的情况 whether可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时, 两者均可。 it作形式主语,且主语从句在句末时,两者均可引导主语从句。 Its uncertain whether/if hell leave this evening. (2)用whether而不用if的情况 主语从句和宾语从句置于句首时; Whether we can have clean dri
7、nking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 引导表语从句和同位语从句时; The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled. He asked me the question whether we should give money to the homeless. 引导介词的宾语从句时; It depends on whether we have enough money.
8、 引导词与or not连用时; I dont know whether or not the news is true. =I dont know whether the news is true or not. 引导词后接to do时; They dont know whether to leave. 有些动词如leave , put , discuss , decide等后的宾语从句; We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. 避免用if引导产生歧义时。 Let me know whether you are coming to our
9、party. 4.what和that的区别 what引导名词性从句时意思相当于the thing that,在从句中主要作主 语、宾语和表语;that引导名词性从句时本身没有意思,在句中不作句 子成分。that引导宾语从句时可省略。 The villagers have already known what well do is to rebuild the bridge. What I cant understand is why he was absent for class. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt that a c
10、ure for AIDS will be found. 5.whether和that的区别 whether和that引导名词性从句时都不作句子成分,但是whether有“是 否”的意思,而that只起连接作用,在句中没有任何意思. Weve offered her the job , but I dont know whether shell accept it. Whether we can get enough money for the project is still a question. That she will refuse your help seems unlikely.
11、6.who和whoever都可以引导主语从句,只能置于句首,不能用形式主语 it代替。who在从句中做主语,whoever相当于the person who.或 anyone who.,可同时作主句和从句的主语。 Who will be elected has not yet been decided. Whoever (Anyone who) comes last law should be punished. 1.what we think 2.what they looked like / how they looked 3.whether they had 4.that depende
12、d on Complete the passage using noun clauses with words in brackets. Talk about what caused the disappearance of dinosaurs using noun clauses where appropriate. You may use the notes to help you. Work in pairs. Do research into another extinct creature. Share your ideas about why it disappeared usin
13、g noun clauses where appropriate. Do further research if necessary. 1.What is the flight instinct? Why do some people react that way in the face of the unknown? 2. What other reactions could people have when facing the unknown? Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words an
14、d expressions in bold. 1. Flight instinct is our instinctive reaction to get away from a strange, unfamiliar or dangerous situation. Some people react that way in the face of the unknown because it is a sensible and understandable natural response. 2. Some people choose to overcome their fears and f
15、ace the unknown. Put the words and expressions in Activity 5 into the table. Add any more you can think of. Making a quick get away running for their lives from steer clear of retreating to check out test the waters of set out into delve into taking action subdue endured think twice look into consid
16、er our options 1.What functions of the brain are mentioned in the passage? 2.What is the current research situation concerning the brain? 3.Do you know any other interesting facts about the brain? Share them with the class. Read the passage and answer the questions. 1. The brain functions mentioned
17、include its being the centre of the nervous system and controlling most of the bodys activities, including vision, memory, speech and rhythm. 2. There is still a long way to go before we can completely understand the workings of the brain. Listen to the interview and choose the topic discussed. 1.Me
18、thods to keep the brain healthy and active. 2.Sleep-related mysteries. 3.Ways of improving sleep quality. 4.Methods of interpreting dreams. Listen again and complete the table. 1.rest and do maintenance 2. remain active 3. makes lots of poisonous chemicals 4. remove these chemicals 5. enough data 6.
19、 the most important reason 7. New connections are formed between different parts 8. uses them to form new memories 9. sleep is necessary to this function 10. Why do some people dream in colour and others dont? Complete the boxes with the expressions from the interview. Asking for more informationExplaining Could you tell us something about.? What other reasons could there be for it? Would you tell us more about.? its because. . prove that. Thank you !
