1、必修三必修三 专题课专题课写作常用句型（二）写作常用句型（二） 写作常用句型：主从复合句写作常用句型：主从复合句 主从复合句主从复合句 根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语 从句、定语从句、状语从句。 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在主从复合句中的功能相当于名词，分别 作主语、表语、宾语和同位语，故统称为名词性从句。这四种从句和主句之间不用逗号。 引导名词性从句的引导词主要有以下三种： 从属连词：thatwhetherif 连接代词：whowhomwhosewhatwhich 连接副词：whenwhywhere 引导定语从句、状语从句的引导词有
2、以下几种： before (在之前)whether (不管)after (在之后)if (假如)since (既然， 自从) although (虽然)as soon as(一就)because (因为)so (as) long as (只要) 关系代词：whowhosewhomwhichthatas 关系副词：whenwhywhere 1. 主语从句主语从句 主语从句在句子中作主语，它的位置与陈述句基本结构中的主语的位置相同。 2. 表语从句表语从句 表语从句在复合句中起表语作用，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。 3. 宾语从句宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，它既可作谓语动词的宾语，也可
3、作介词、非谓语动词 的宾语。 4. 同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句在句子中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词 (如 thought、idea、fact、 news、suggestion、plan、belief、doubt、fear)之后，说明这些名词的含义。引导同位语从句 的连词有 that、whether 或连接副词 how、when、where、why 等。但大多数是由 that 引导。 5. 定语从句定语从句 定语从句在主从复合句中起修饰、限定作用，修饰主句中的名词或代词。被定语从句修 饰的词称为先行词。 定语从句一般放在先行词之后。 引导定语从句的关系代词有 who、 whom、
4、whose、which、as 和 that；关系副词有 when、where、why 等。 6. 状语从句状语从句 （1）时间状语从句 由连词 when、whenever、as、while、after、before、until、till、since、once、as soon as 等引导。 由 the minute、 the moment、 the instant、 immediately、 instantly、 directly、 the day、 the week、 the year、the first time、any time、next time、every time、each tim
5、e、the last time、all the time、 by the time 等引导。 （2）地点状语从句 常由连词 where 和 wherever 引导。 （3）原因状语从句 由 because、as、since、now that 引导。 （4）目的状语从句 由 in case、so that、for fear that 等引导，口语中 so 也可引导目的状语从句。 （5）结果状语从句 由 so that、sothat、suchthat 等引导，口语中 sothat、suchthat 中的 that 可以省 略。 （6）条件状语从句 由 if、once、as long as、on c
6、ondition that、provided that 等引导。 （7）方式状语从句 由 as、as if、as though 等引导。 （8）让步状语从句 由 though、although、as、even if、even though、whoever、whatever、however、no matter who (what、how、when)等引导。 （9）比较状语从句 由 asas、not as/soas、than、the morethe more等引导。 翻译句子翻译句子 1. 事实上，人工智能很可能在不远的将来走进千家万户。（主语从句） In fact, it is likely t
7、hat AI is going to enter thousands of households in the near future. 2. 第一步就是你应该使自己的申请表与简历简明扼要。（表语从句） The first step is that you should make your application form and resume brief and to the point. 3. 我知道你平时拍的照片很好并且总是想为环保做点事情。（宾语从句） I know you take good pictures and that youve always wanted to do so
8、mething for environment protection. 4. 不可否认这样一个事实：时间一旦失去，就再也无法弥补。（同位语从句） There is no denying the fact that once lost, time can never be made up for. 5. 地铁深受公众欢迎，在北京，地铁是一种非常普及的交通工具。（定语从句） The subway, which is widespread transportation in Beijing, is popular with the public. 6. 随着年龄的增长，我们对时尚的态度可能也会改变。
9、（时间状语从句） Our attitude towards fashion may change as we are getting older. 7. 暑假开始下暴雨那天，我正好计划着到九寨沟游玩。（时间状语从句） I was planning to visit Jiuzhai Valley the day the heavy rain began in the summer holiday. 8. 如果我们站在别人的角度上考虑，就会原谅别人。（地点状语从句） We will forgive others if we stand where they are. 9. 既然任何人一生中都会犯错
10、误，我们最好还是再给他一次机会。（原因状语从句） Since everybody can make mistakes in life, we might as well give him another chance. 10. 我使出浑身解数往前跑，以免后面的选手赶上我。（目的状语从句） I ran as fast as I could for fear that I was caught up with by the runner behind me. 11. 小姑娘心地那么好，把自己的座位让给了身边的一位老太太。（结果状语从句） The girl was so kind that she
11、gave her seat to an old woman standing room. 12. 只要大家紧密团结，我们相信一切皆有可能。（条件状语从句） So long as we are closely united, we believe that nothing is impossible. 13. 在找到更好的学习方法之前，照老师告诉你的那样去做。（方式状语从句） Before finding a better learning method, do as the teacher told you. 14. 通常情况下，无论我们工作有多忙，我们都会回家过年。（让步状语从句） Usua
12、lly, no matter how busy we are, we will come back home for the Spring Festival. 15. 书总是多得读不完。（比较状语从句） There have always been more books than anyone could read. 连句成段连句成段 1. 尽管有许多困难要克服，但她从没让困难击倒过。相反，她对生活的态度十分坚定。 Although there are lots of difficulties to overcome, she never lets her problems defeat he
13、r. Instead, her attitude towards life is firm. 2. 在过去，大部分学生辍学是因为他们的家庭负担不起教育的费用，然而现在情况不同 了。 In the past, most of the students dropped out because their families couldnt afford their education cost. However, the situation is different now. 3. 你就是在必要的时候能帮我一把的那个人，你就是确切知道我需要什么的那个人。 You are the person who
14、 gives me a hand when necessary. You are the person who knows exactly what I need. 4. 无论如何，只要使用得当，信用卡无须你额外支付分文。至少，它可以帮助你度过经 济上的困难时期。 However, if it is used properly, a credit card can cost nothing. At least it can help to get you over a period of financial difficulty. 写作常用句型：放大关键词，扩词成句写作常用句型：放大关键词，扩
15、词成句 近些年高考英语书面表达呈现出了两个特点： 1. 提示情景要点化； 2. 要点关键词化。根据提示关键词的命题特征和趋势，考生围绕关键词必须做到： （1）增加细节； （2）扩词成句。做到放大关键词、扩词成句、串词成句，最终实现连句成文。增加细 节和扩词成句需要生活经验、多模态形式的语篇知识经验、词汇知识经验；串词成句需要句 型知识（五种基本句型、句中句现象、特殊句式、精简句式） ；连句成文需要篇章结构知识 （语篇结构特征、语篇成分的语义逻辑关系、显性或隐性衔接手段） 。 情景提示情景提示 1关键词关键词 健身热健身热 1. 放大关键词：可根据这一主题语境，围绕“一种社会趋势、参与群体、普及
16、程度、今 昔对比、分析原因、益处、你的呼吁”等角度放大讨论，从而展开表达。 2. 扩词成句，连句成段 3. 情景片段 Nowadays there is an increasing number of people who choose physical exercise of all kinds to keep fit. Not only have the old seen it as a lifestyle through simple dances, but also, to some extent, more youths take challenging and sweating o
17、utdoor activities like cycling and hiking on weekends. But it was not the case in the past. Why would they rather give up their weekend relaxation than enjoy indoor laziness? I think reasons vary accordingly. 4. 情景片段精析： （1）常用句型和短语（地道表达） there is 存现句 keep fit 健身 seeas把看作 to some extent 在某种程度上 would r
18、atherthan 宁愿而不 give up 放弃 take activities 参加活动 （2）情感交流句（拉近与读者的心理距离） Why would they rather give up their weekend relaxation than enjoy indoor laziness? 提出问题，唤起大家的注意 I think reasons vary accordingly. 表达个人主观看法，以求得认同 （3）动词的非谓语形式（高级句式） there is an increasing number of people 现在分词作定语 to keep fit 动词不定式表示目的
19、 take challenging and sweating outdoor activities t 现在分词作定语 （4）句中句现象（长句表达：采用词汇、语块手段将更多的信息点囊括到一个句子中） Nowadays there is an increasing number of people who choose physical exercise of all kinds to keep fit. 关系代词 who 引导的定语从句，句中 people 是先行词 Not only have the old seen it as a lifestyle through simple danc
20、es, but also, to some extent, more youths take challenging and sweating outdoor activities like cycling and hiking on weekends. 并列连词 not onlybut also构成的倒装句式 （5）措辞技巧（灵活的语言） Why would they rather give up their weekend relaxation than enjoy indoor laziness? weekend relaxation 与 indoor laziness 均表示周末可以做
21、的事 of all kinds 与 vary 均表示“各种各样” （6）关联词、过渡语（语篇衔接手段） Nowadays to some extent But it was not the case in the past (表示转折，今昔对比) I think reasons vary accordingly (引出下文) （7）句式灵活多变（语言能力） Nowadays there is an increasing number of people who choose physical exercise of all kinds to keep fit.（存现句） Not only ha
22、ve the old seen it as a lifestyle through simple dances, but also, to some extent, more youths take challenging and sweating outdoor activities like cycling and hiking on weekends. （倒装句式） Why would they rather give up their weekend relaxation than enjoy indoor laziness? （特 殊疑问句） But it was not the c
23、ase in the past. （在文中实现了长短句相互融合的原则） （8）后置或叠用定语（丰富名词的意义） exercise of all kinds介词短语，描述锻炼的类别 activities like cycling and hiking介词短语，举例说明活动的种类 challenging and sweating outdoor activities平实自然的叠词， 既能产生鮮明的视觉效 应，同时，朗读起来富有节奏感 情景提示情景提示 2关键词关键词 困意、低效学习困意、低效学习 1. 放大关键词：可围绕“这种现象的主体和场合，导致这种现象的原因，如何缓解或解 决这种现象的建议”等
24、角度扩词，展开情景表达。 2. 扩词成句，连句成段 3. 情景片段 Recently some of Senior Three students are found sleepy, absent-minded or depressed in class. What contributes to the present situation? Personally speaking, the following reasons might account for their inattention academically. To begin with, there seems to be too
25、 many learning burdens, causing pressure. As a result, they have to take up more time to handle their homework, even the time that should have been spent in the rest or hobbies, Whats more, as the College Entrance Examination is drawing near, they have to face the growing pressure due to the increas
26、ingly fierce competition under the system of the College Entrance Examination. Last but not least, we cant deny the family factor. In most cases, parents expect too much of their children, which means greater pressure. 4. 情景片段精析 （1）常用句型和短语（地道表达） contribute to 影响 account for sth. 解释某事 cause pressure
27、导致压力 learning burden 学习负担 take up 占用，占据 draw near 临近 expect sth. of sb. 对某人期望某事 （2）情感交流句（拉近与读者的心理距离） What contributes to the present situation? 提出问题，引起读者注意 Personally speaking, the following reasons might account for their inattention academically. 主观推测，做可能性分析 To begin with, there seems to be too ma
28、ny learning burdens, causing pressure. 对客观现象的主观推测 As a result, they have to take up more time to handle their homework, even the time that they should have been spent in the rest or hobbies. 使用虚拟语气“本应该” ，表示对学生现状的同情 （3）动词的非谓语形式（高级句式） there seems to be too many learning burdens causing pressure 现在分词短语
29、作结果状语 they have to face the growing pressure 现在分词作定语 （4）句中句现象（长句表达） As a result, they have to take up more time to handle their homework, even the time that should have been spent in the rest or hobbies. 关系代词 that 引导定语从句 Whats more, as the College Entrance Examination is drawing near, they have to f
30、ace the growing pressure due to the increasingly fierce competition under the system of the College Entrance Examination. 从属连词 as 引导时间状语从句 In most cases, Parents expect too much of their children, which means greater pressure. 关系代词 which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，意为“这一点意味着 更大的压力” （5）灵活多变的句式 整个情景片段采用长短句相
31、互融合进行论述，使句子错落有致，高有变化，读起来朗朗 上口。 Recently some of Senior Three students are found sleepy, absent-minded or depressed in class. 被动句式 What contributes to the present situation? 特殊疑问句式 To begin with, there seems to be too many earning burdens 存现句 As a result, they have to take up more time to handle thei
32、r homework, even the time that should have been spent in the rest or hobbies. 被动句式；虚拟语气 （6）高级词汇（遣词造句能力） contribute to (影响，替换 influence) account for (可以解释某事的理由) academically (学习方面，替换 in study) learning burden (学习负担) handle (处理，替换 solve) draw near (临近，替换 come) due to (因为，替换 because of) fierce competit
33、ion (激烈的竞争) expect (期待，替换 hope 或 wish) （7）措辞技巧 Recently some of Senior Three students are found sleepy, absent-minded or depressed in class. absent- minded 表示“分心，注意力不集中” Personally speaking, the following reasons might account for their inattention academically. distraction 表示“分心，注意力不集中” As a result
34、, they have to take up more time to handle their homework, even the time that should have been spent in the rest or hobbies. take up 和 spend 均表示“占用时间，花费时间” （8）关联词和过渡语（语篇衔接手段） Recently (最近) What contributes to the present situation? （过渡句，承接上下文） Personally speaking (表达个人观点) To begin with (首先) As a res
35、ult (结果) Whats more (另外) Last but not least (最后但同样重要的) In most cases (在多数情况下) （答题时间：（答题时间：40 分钟）分钟） 写作写作 （一） 假如你是李华， 你们班决定组织同学们在农历五月初五端午节时， 一起骑自行车去西湖 观看龙舟比赛。请你给外教 Mr. Smih 写封邮件邀请他上午 8:00 在学校门口集合，和你们一 同前往，感受中国传统文化。要点包括： 1. 集合时间、地点； 2. 端午节和龙舟赛的介绍。 参考词汇：农历 the lunar calendar；龙舟 the dragon boat 注意： 1. 词
36、数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文流畅。 （二） 请你以李华的名义给中国日报（China Daily）英文版写一封信，信的内容为：呼吁 人们(包括驾驶员和车上人员)在行车途中不要向窗外乱扔东西。要点 如下： 1. 陈述驾车时向窗外乱扔东西的不文明行为; 2. 开车或坐车时向窗外乱扔东西的危害 3. 提出自己的建议。 注意： 1. 词数：100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 3. 文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir or Madam， _ _ _ _ Yours, Li Hua （一）（一）参考范文参考范文 Dear Mr. Smith,
37、 How is everything? Our class is planning to cycle to the West Lake to watch the dragon boat race on the lunar calendar May 5th, when the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated nationwide. Well gather at our school gate at 8: 00 a m. Id like to invite you to go with us and experience this unique traditi
38、onal Chinese culture. The dragon boat race, originally held in memory of the great poet Qu Yuan, and now has become a common practice and developed into a sport. Im sure it will be exciting and enjoyable. Your presence will certainly add to our pleasure. Would you come and have fun with us? Looking
39、forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua （二）参考范文（二）参考范文 Dear Sir or Madam, Id like to talk about one kind of uncivilized behavior of people on the road. As we all know,with the development of economy, more and more people can afford to buy private cars. However, one phenomenon should really be pai
40、d attention to when driving. That is throwing rubbish out of car windows as they like. First of all, throwing rubbish out of car windows will surely spoil a citys look, which is supposed to be clean and tidy. Whats worse, it is very dangerous to do so when driving at a high speed, which may cause se
41、vere accidents even deaths, as reported in the news. Besides it also adds to cleaners difficulty to collect them. Even worse, it sometimes threatens their life when collecting them. All in all, this kind of phenomenon must be prevented. I strongly appeal to all people to stop this kind of uncivilized behavior and the police should give proper punishments for those committing whats immoral as well. Yours, Li Hua
