1、Section Discovering Useful Structures your aimn. intention 3how large, important, serious, etc. sth isn. extent 4a play or film whose action and dialogue is with singing and dancingn. musical 5to do sth or try to achieve sth over a period of timevt. pursue 6 to pause before saying or doing sth becau
2、se you are nervous or not surevi. hesitate 7at the end of a period of time or a series of eventsadv. eventually 8in case 以防；以防万一 9to . extent 到程度；在程度上 10on duty 值班；值勤 .教材原句 1 Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with _ (无处可住)(教材 P54) 答案：nowhere to stay 2Second, yo
3、u should go to your _ (最近的领事馆)(教材 P54) 答案：nearest consulate 3He said he _ (将会值班) at the library this afternoon. (教材 P54) 答案：would be on duty 4I think _ (是善良的) of Roderick and Oliver to give Henry the money.(教材 P54) 答案：its kind 5They shouldnt be _ (打赌) on him.(教材 P54) 答案：making a bet 6But Henry might
4、 _ (陷入困境) if they didnt offer him the money.(教材 P54) 答案：get into trouble 7 Well, if they really wanted to help Henry, they could _ (给他 提供一份工作)(教材 P54) 答案：offer him a job 8 Why does the owner of the restaurant want Henry to sit _ (在 别的地方)？(教材 P55) 答案：somewhere else 9Why does the owner think Henry hes
5、itates to _ (支付账单)？(教 材 P55) 答案：pay the bill 10Why does the owner think the bank note is _ (可能是真的)？ (教材 P55) 答案：probably real 重点知识重点知识 合作探究合作探究 1obligation n. 义务；职责；责任(教材 P54) 归纳 拓展 Im under no obligation to do it. 我没有义务去做那件事。 He felt obligated to help the homeless. 他觉得有义务帮助无家可归的人。 (1)单句语法填空 We are
6、invited, but we are under no obligation _ (go) I have an _ (obligate) to keep secret for the taxpayer. Im not _ (obligate) to share every little detail of my life with you. 答案：to goobligationobligated (2)单句写作 每个选手都必须遵守这些规则。 Every player is _ to keep the rules. 他感到有责任去帮助身陷困境中的人。 He _ help others who
7、are in trouble. 答案：under an obligationfeels/is obligated to 2 intention n. 打算；计划；意图；目的(教材 P54) 归纳 拓展 I have no intention of going to the wedding. 我无意去参加婚礼。 He has announced his intention to retire. 他已经宣布他打算退休。 This is no accident by the wayits quite intentional. 顺便告诉你，这不是偶然的，根本就是故意的。 What is your no
8、rmal reaction when others hurt you intentionally? 当他人故意伤害你时，你的正常反应是什么？ (1)单句语法填空 He left England with the intention of _ (travel) in Africa. If I hurt your feelings, it was not _ (intention) She would never _ (intention) hurt anyone. 答案：travellingintentionalintentionally (2)单句写作 一直以来这就是我的风格。我没有想要改变它
9、。 This has always been my style. I _ of changing it. 很抱歉没把你列在名单里我不是有意的。 Im sorry I left you off the listit _. 答案：have no intentionwasnt intentional 3hesitate vi. 犹豫；迟疑；顾虑(教材 P55) 归纳 拓展 He hesitatedfor a moment before kicking the ball; otherwise he would have scored a goal. 他在踢球前犹豫了一下，不然他就会得分了。 Never
10、 hesitate to turn to the teachers for advice if you meet with some problems in study. 如果你在学习中遇到问题，要毫不犹豫地向老师求教。 We had no hesitation in helping the sufferers when the terrible earthquake happened. 当可怕的地震发生时，我们要毫不犹豫地帮助受难者。 Without hesitation, she leapt into the water and saved the drowning child. 她毫不犹
11、豫地跳入水中，救起溺水的孩子。 (1)单句语法填空 He did not hesitate in _ (make) investments in his hometown. They offered her a job, and she accepted without _ (hesitate) 答案：makinghesitation (2)单句写作 如果你需要什么，马上给我打电话。 If you need anything, dont _ me. 对于买车的事你还犹豫不决吗？ Do you still _ buying a car? 答案：hesitate to callhesitate a
12、bout/in/at/over Grammar复习情态动词复习情态动词/过去将来时过去将来时 语法体验语法体验 指出下列句中黑体部分的含义 1That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book. 能够 2The children must have been very excited as they opened it.一定；准是 3They might not receive their presents if they were not good.可能 4I was able to hold a knife
13、 and forkand chopsticks！能够 5But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother.胆敢，敢于 6Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen！不得不 7Come on, George, wed better get back now.最好 8“You neednt try it if you dont want to，” Mum said.不必
14、 9I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon.将要 10Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us.总是 语法讲座语法讲座 复习情态动词 一、can 与 could 的用法 1.表示能力：can 用来表示现在的能力，could 表示过去的能力。 I can play basketball now, but I couldnt when I was young. 现在我会打篮球了，但小时候我不会。 2表示请求和许可：could 语气比 can 委婉，但回答时只能用 can
15、。 Can/Could you lend me a hand? 你能帮我一下吗？ 3表示推测，意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。 Can he be in the reading room now? No, he cant be in it. Because I saw him in the office just now. 他现在可能在阅览室吗？ 不，他不可能在(阅览室)。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。 4表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能会”。 Jogging can help you keep fit. 慢跑有助于保持身体健康。 二、may 与 might 的用法 1.表示征求对方的
16、许可或允许(不用 might)对方做某事。 May I come in? Yes, you may/can. 我可以进来吗？ 是的，你可以进来。 (No, you cant.不行，你不能进来。) You may go now. 你现在可以走了。 2表示推测(把握不大)，意为“可能”，多用于肯定句。might 比 may 可能 性更小。 He may come, or he may not. 他可能来，也可能不来。 It may/might rain this afternoon. Youd better take a raincoat with you. 今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。
17、3may 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 祝你成功！ 4“may/might as well动词原形” 表示“不妨，还不如”。 I may/might as well start at once. 我还不如马上就动身。 三、must 的用法 1.表示命令或强烈的建议，意为“必须”。 All the students must obey the school rules. 所有学生必须遵守校规。 2表示十分肯定的推测，意为“一定；准是”。 Betty must be in the next room. I can hear her talking there. 贝蒂肯定
18、在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那儿讲话。 3表示说话人的一种态度，意为“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。 Why must he go out in the bad weather? 为什么他偏要在这种坏天气出门？ 4must not 表示禁止，意思是“不许” “不准” “不可以”等。 You mustnt stop your car in the busy street. 你不准把车停在繁忙的路上。 5 回答 must 问句时， 肯定回答多用 must; 否定回答多用 neednt 或 dont have to。 Must I finish my homework before eight oclock? Y
19、es, you must.(No, you neednt/you dont have to.) 我必须要在 8 点之前完成作业吗？ 是的，必须。(不，没必要。) (1)选词填空(can/may/cant/could/mustnt) He _ be in the reading room. Because I saw him in the playground just now. I _ speak English fluently while he cant. _ you please clean this room, Peter? Sure, but let me finish a game
20、 first. _ your days be filled with happiness! Thanks. You, too! You _ fire without my signal. 答案：cantcanCouldMaymustnt (2)单句语法填空 If I were here five minutes earlier, you _ have finished it on time. It _ have rained last night, for the ground is still wet. Could I come in for a rest, sir? Of course y
21、ou _. No one is getting in your way. It _ be sunny tomorrow, but no one is sure. Fish _ live without water. Me neither. 答案：couldmustcanmightcant (3)单句写作 我们为什么非要在午饭期间参观学校呢？ Why _ visit the school at lunch time? 我会弹钢琴但不会拉二胡。 I can play the piano but I _ the erhu. 我可以为病人唱首歌吗，大夫？ 不，千万别。病人需要安静。 _ a song
22、for the patient, Doctor? No, _. The patient needs quietness. 安静！客人们随时会来到。 Be quiet！The visitors _ on scene at any time. 我们必须等到天黑以后才能回家吗？ 不，不必。事实上，你们可以在 5 点半回家。 _ wait until it gets dark before we can go home? No, you _. In fact, you can go home at 5：30. 答 案 ： must we cant play May/Can I sing; you mu
23、stnt may/might beMust we; neednt/dont have to 四、be able to 的用法 be able to 意为“能够，有能力”，不仅有时态、人称和数的变化，而且还可 以与某些情态动词连用(通常不与 can 连用)，甚至还可以有非谓语形式。 Since his accident he hasnt been able to leave the house. 自出事之后，他一直未能离开家。 You might be able to persuade him. 你也许能够说服他。 I hope to be able to do the work. 我希望能够胜
24、任这项工作。 I regret not being able to help her. 我很遗憾未能帮助她。 易混辨析：can, be able to 表示“能力”时的区别 can用于指现在，常表示自身具有的能力 be able to用于各种时态，表示经过努力后所具有的能力 Babies can swim when they were born. 婴儿们一出生就会游泳。(自身具有的能力) Without his hard work, he was not able to get good grades. 如果他没有努力工作，他是不可能取得好成绩的。(经过努力) 五、dare 的用法 dare
25、既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。 1dare 作情态动词时，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、 否定句和条件句中。此时的 dare 没有人称、数和时态的变化，能单独构成否定和 疑问。例如： Dare you climb that tree? 你敢爬那棵树吗？ He darent go there because it is very dangerous. 他不敢去那里，因为那里很危险。 2dare 用作实义动词时，有时态和人称的变化，用 do, does 或 did 来构成否 定句或疑问句。 She didnt dare to say a word, did she? 她一句话也不
26、敢说，是吗？ 六、have to 的用法 have to 意为“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为 dont/doesnt/didnt have to。 Its too late. I have to go home now. 天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。 You dont have to finish the work now. 你没有必要现在完成这项工作。 have to 和 must 的区别： have to 表示一种客观的需要，而 must 表示一种主观的需要。此外，must 还 表示“偏要”“非得”的意思。 I have to attend an important me
27、eting this afternoon. 今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。 I mustclean the room because it is too dirty. 因为太脏了，我必须要打扫房间。 七、had better 的用法 had better 意为“最好；应该”，后跟动词原形，常用来提出建议，或表示迫 切的希望、警告等，语气较强。其中动词 had 没有人称或数的变化。had better 的 简略式为：d better，否定式为：had better not。 Shed better get here soon or shell miss the opening ceremo
28、ny. 她最好快点到这儿来，否则她会错过开幕式的。 They had better not be late. 他们最好不要迟到。 八、need 的用法 1.作情态动词 (1)need 作情态动词时， 常用于疑问句、 否定句或条件句中， 意为“必须” 或 “需要”。 Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must./No, you neednt. 我需要今天完成这项工作吗？ 是的，必须干完。/不用，你不必干完。 (2)neednt 意为“不必”，表示客观上不必如何。 Theres plenty of time.You neednt drive so fas
29、t. 时间很充足，你不必开这么快。 2作实义动词 need 作实义动词时，后可接名词、动名词、不定式等，有人称、时态和数的 变化。 The bike needs repairing. The bike needs to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修理。 选词填空(be able to/dare/have to/had better/need) She _ not go out alone at night. Its quite warm here so we _ not turn the heating on. You _ arrive early so that you wil
30、l not miss anything. He _ walk home yesterday because his car broke down. Neither my wife nor I _ persuade my daughter to change her mind now. 答案：dareneedhad betterhad toam able to 过去将来时 一、过去将来时的含义 过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将 来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。 判断这种时态的依据是： 要有表示过去的“动 作”，而不是时间。 二、过去将来时的用法 1.“would
31、动词原形”。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。 They never knew that population would become a big problem. 他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。 表示过去的某种习惯性行为，也常用 would。 Whenever it was Sunday evening, we would sit in the yard and listen to his story. 每到星期天晚上，我们都坐在院子里听他的故事。 2“was/weregoing to动词原形”。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发 生的事。 She said she was goi
32、ng to start off at once. 她说她将立即出发。 易混辨析 was/were going to do 表示打算/计划做某事或客观迹象表明要发生的事 was/were to do表示过去计划或安排做某事 was/were about to do 表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作，意为“正要、即将”，一般 不与明确的时间状语连用 was/were doing 表示过去将来时时，仅限于 come, go, leave, arrive, start 等词 When they arrived the plane was just going to take off. 飞机正要起飞时他们到
33、了。 He said he was to finish the work in a week. 他说他打算一星期后完成这项工作。 He was about to be transferred to a seaside town. 他正要被调往一座海滨小城。 Alot of people were coming to watch the fireworks. 有许多人要来观看焰火。 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didnt w
34、ork hard. 老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。 单句语法填空 Miss Zhang said she _ (visit) the Great Wall next summer. She told him that she _ (not stay) here for long. I wasnt sure whether Lucy _ (come) the next year. She said the bus _ (leave) at five the next morning. 答案：would visitwould not staywould come was leavi
35、ng 学习效果学习效果 随堂演练随堂演练 .单词拼写 1This animal is found inAustralia, and _ (哪里都不) else. 答案：nowhere 2If you have never been to an _ (歌剧), you havent visited Rome. 答案：opera 3They were required to number the pages in _ (顺序) 答案：sequence 4She had come to England to p_ an acting career. 答案：pursue 5As he walked t
36、he long hallway, some popped out of line to h_ him. 答案：hug .单句语法填空 1 Learning a _ (music) instrument introduces a child to an understanding of music. 答案：musical 2The scientists said the worlds population _ (slow) down in future. 答案：would slow 3I realize I ought _ (tell) you about it. 答案：to have told
37、 4You had better _ (not talk) with strangers. 答案：not talk 5I wasnt sure whether he _ (lend) me his book the next morning. 答案：would lend 6I can not drink because I am _ duty today! 答案：on 7_ (eventual) she was fired from her job at a publishing house. 答案：Eventually 8Whenever she has time, she _ (help)
38、 them in their work. 答案：would help .单句写作 1儿女们都认为照顾父母是一种道德义务。 The sons and daughters all consider it a _ to look after their parents. 答案：moral obligation 2我无意让你生气。 I _ of making you angry. 答案：have no intention 3你要提醒他吃药，以防他忘记。 You must remind him to take his medicine, _ he forgets. 答案：in case 4这篇文章在一定
39、程度上反映了真实情况。 _， the article reflected the reality. 答案：To a certain extent 5如果碰到麻烦，要毫不犹豫地寻求帮助。 If you get in trouble, dont _ ask for help. 答案：hesitate to 课后课时作业课后课时作业 语言运用 The captain (船长) of a ship and a merchant were friends. The merchant had a young son, who wanted to be a sailor, so the captain to
40、ok him for voyages in his _1_. One day when the captain had come from a _2_ with a lot of money, the merchant told him that the price of iron had _3_ and suggested that he should buy some with his money. “Ill keep it for you in my storehouse _4_ you return from your next voyage, and perhaps youll ge
41、t more money.” But while the captain was away, the price of iron went up _5_ 60%, so the merchant sold it and kept the money. When the captain came back, his _6_ friend told him that he was very sorry and that the mice had _7_ all the iron. The captain knew that his friend was telling lies, but he s
42、tayed _8_ and said, “I knew that you had problems _9_ mice in your storehouse.” After a few days, the captain started _10_ voyage, and when he returned home, he said to the merchant, “Im very sorry, but _11_ our voyage a bird came down and carried your son away.” The merchant was very _12_ and said,
43、 “Birds cannot carry boys！” “And neither can mice eat iron，” answered the captain. The merchant took the captain to a _13_，who said, “The merchant must _14_ the captain the money which he got when he sold the iron, and then the captain must _15_ the merchants son back to him.” 篇章导读： 本文是一篇记叙文。 文章讲述了一
44、位船长听从了商人朋友的建议， 买了很多铁，并且由商人看管。但是出海回来时却被告知铁被老鼠吃掉了，船长 不动声色， 下次出海回来时告诉商人他的儿子被海鸟叼走了， 于是两人对簿公堂。 1A.carBcart CshipDplane 答案：C根据上下文可知，船长出海要用船。故选 C。 2A.voyageBtravel CbusinessDvisit 答案：A根据上文“the captain took him for voyages”和下文“you return from your next voyage”可知，此处是指船长出海归来，故选 A。 3A.fallenBraised CwidenedDri
45、sen 答案： A根据常识可知， 做买卖要低价买进高价卖出， 而且从下文“the price of iron went up”可以推知，商人建议船长时，铁价比较低，故选 A。 4A.whenBsince CafterDuntil 答案：D根据语境可知，商人说要替船长保管这些铁直到他下次出海回来， 故选 D。 5A.onBin CtoDby 答案：D根据下文商人卖了铁可知，铁价上涨了 60%，而在这四个选项中 只有介词 by 可以表示(相差的)程度，故选 D。 6A.dishonestBhonest CrealDformer 答案：A根据上文商人卖了船长的铁及下文的“his friend was
46、 telling lies”可 知，他是个不讲信用、不诚实的人，故选 A。 7A.soldBborrowed CeatenDdrunk 答案：C根据下文他俩争吵的话“mice eat iron”可知，商人说老鼠把铁给吃 掉了，故选 C。 8A.friendlyBcalm CquietDangry 答案：B根据转折连词 but 以及下文船长说的话“I knew that you had problems _9_ mice in your storehouse.”可知， 船长表现得很平静， 没有发火着急， 故选 B。 9A.aboutBin ConDwith 答案：D固定短语 have probl
47、ems with sth “在(方面)有问题”，相当于 have trouble/difficulty with sth，故选 D。 10A.anotherBnext Cthe otherDother 答案： Aanother “另一个”； next “下一个”； the other “其他的(特指)”； other “其他的(泛指)”。根据上下文可知，船长是再一次出海，不是特指某一次， 故选 A。 11A.whileBafter CduringDbefore 答案：C根据语境可知，在航海期间，商人的儿子被鸟叼走了。during 是 介词，意为“在期间”，后面可以用名词作宾语，而 while
48、是连词，后面要 跟句子，故选 C。 12A.boringBpuzzled CangryDafraid 答案：B根据下文商人说的话“Birds cannot carry boys！”可以推断商人对 船长所说的话感到很困惑，故选 B。 13A.presidentBmanager CchildDjudge 答案：D根据情理可知，人们之间起了纷争，要去找法官评理，故选 D。 14A.returnBgive CofferDlend 答案：B根据故事的内容可知，商人卖掉船长的铁获得了许多钱，而不是 向船长借钱，所以此处用 give 而不选 return。故选 B。 15A.bringBfetch Ccar
49、ryDcatch 答案：A根据上文可推知，船长在出海时把商人的儿子藏了起来，所以法 官要求船长把商人的儿子带回来。 bring 指把人或东西带到说话的地方来， 而 fetch 是“去取来，去拿来”的意思。carry 没有方向性，而且一般指肩挑背扛等较重的 物体。catch 是“逮住，接住”的意思。故选 A。 阅读 In the mid1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mi
50、nd. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearanceW1 of theAral Sea. His visit, however, ended upPinvolvinga lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks ab
