1、Section Discovering Useful Structures poems in generaln. poetry 3anything that harms or causes deathn. poison 4to bend or lay sth so that one part lies on top of another partv. fold 5to get or bring things together from different people or placesv. collect 6a strong shoe that covers the foot and ank
2、le and often the lower part of the legn. boot 7extremely goodadj. super 8 a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred)n. percentage 9theAtlantic (Ocean) 大西洋 10Journey to the West 西游记 .教材原句 1You mean you are planning a trip across(大西洋) for a holiday? (教材 P30) 答案：theAt
3、lantic 2He tried to solve his(经济问题), but he couldnt solve the problems. (教材 P30) 答案：financial problems 3Wearing a dress might be better than wearing(牛仔裤和 靴子). (教材 P30) 答案：jeans and boots 4Some(野蘑菇) are poisonous and some are not poisonous. (教材 P30) 答案：wild mushrooms 5Guizhou is a province with a lot
4、 of(文化多样性). (教材 P30) 答案：cultural diversity 6Well, have you ever(听说过) the Chinese novel Journey to the West? (教材 P30) 答案：heard of 7Youll find(中国文化) is much more diverse than you thought. (教材 P30) 答案：Chinese culture 8 Look at the photos below and guess what(少数 民族) might be talked about.(教材 P31) 答案：eth
5、nic minority groups 9It is even mentioned in the oldest collection of(中国诗歌). (教材 P31) 答案：Chinese poetry 10 Justin wanted to buy some handmade little accessories(作为 纪念品). (教材 P31) 答案：as souvenirs 重点知识重点知识 合作探究合作探究 1poisonous adj. 引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的(教材 P30) 归纳 拓展 Those words are poisonous to his mind. 这些
6、话对他的思想有害。 These mushrooms contain a deadly poison. 这些蘑菇含有剧毒。 The explosion of the chemical plant has poisoned many local residents. 那座化工厂的爆炸毒死了许多当地居民。 (1)单句语法填空 This medicine is(poison) if taken in large quantities. The water was polluted by the waste, which could(poisonous) the fish in the lake. 答案
7、：poisonouspoison (2)单句写作 鹦鹉不能吃巧克力，因为巧克力对它们的身体有毒。 Parrots cannot eat chocolate because it istheir bodies. 请不要让他的仇恨毒害了我们所拥有的一切。 Please dont let himeverything we havehis hate. 答案：poisonous topoison; with 2 Wearing a dress might be better than wearing jeans and boots.(教 材 P30) 穿裙子可能比穿牛仔裤和靴子好。 剖析本句中 Wear
8、ing a dress 为动名词短语作主语。 归纳 拓展 Learning English well is challenging for him as he is an average student. 学好英语对他来说很有挑战性，因为他是一个中等水平的学生。 Its no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 Toms coming late to school made the teacher very angry. 汤姆上学迟到使老师很生气。 (1)单句语法填空 (go) to bed early and rising early is a good ha
9、bit. It is no use(tell) your trouble to a man like him. 答案：Goingtelling (2)单句写作 玩这么长时间的电脑游戏是浪费时间。 Its a waste of timefor such a long time. 他的到来使每个在场的人感到吃惊。 surprised all the people at present. 答案：playing computer gamesHis coming 3collection n. 作品集；收集物；收藏品(教材 P31) 归纳 拓展 There was a collection of book
10、s and shoes on the floor. 地板上有成堆的书和鞋。 He collected up his luggage and went away. 他收拾好行李就走了。 (1)单句语法填空 This(collect) is made up of three parts: poems, essays and short stories. She collectedher things in a hurry and ran out of the house. 答案：collectionup (2)单句写作 大厅里展出了一组照片。 photographs was on display
11、in the hall. 这使得我们可以从不同渠道收集信息。 This enables us todifferent sources. 答案：Acollection ofcollect information from 4percentage n. 百分率；百分比(教材 P31) 归纳 拓展 Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol. 威士忌含有酒精的百分比很高。 The results were analysed in percentage terms. 结果是按百分比分析的。 Theres no percentage in playing
12、with fire. 玩火一点好处都没有。 I agree with you one hundred percent. 我百分之百同意你的看法。 (1)单句语法填空 Theres a higher percentagegirl students in this class. The figures are expressedpercentage terms. 答案：ofin (2)单句写作 每个年龄组的男性比例都有所增加。 males increased with each age group. 工资总额的一小部分足以支付食物的费用。 total income is enough to cov
13、er food expense. 服装贸易已经让今年第一季度 GDP 增长了一个百分点。 Clothing trade addedpoint to GDP growth in the year to the first quarter. 答案：The percentage ofAsmall percentage ofone percentage Grammar省略省略 语法体验语法体验 指出下列句子中的省略情况 Come in, please! John is a lawyer, and his wife a cleaner. First degree burns turn white whe
14、n pressed. There is no doubt that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Browns life. The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother did not allow him to. 1句中省略了 You，为简单句中的省略。 2句中省略了 is，为并列句中的省略。 3句中省略了 they are，为状语从句的省略。 4句中省略了 that/which，为关系代词的省略
15、。 5句中省略了 play football in the street，为不定式的省略。 语法讲座语法讲座 为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个 成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。 在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种： 一、简单句中的省略 1省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引 起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的 you 和疑 问句中的主语。 (You) Shut up! 住嘴！ (I) Beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。 (It) Doesnt matter. 没关系。 2 省略宾语： 当
16、上下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时， 下句或后句常省略宾语。 Do you know Miss Gao? I dont know (her) 你认识高女士吗？ 不认识。 3省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都 很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省 略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 (You come) This way, please. 请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语) (Have you) Got any ink? 你有墨水吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分) 补全下列省略句 Have a seat, please! Looks
17、like rain. Lets do the dishes. Ill wash and you dry. Got any idea about the plan? 答案：You have a seat, please! It looks like rain. Lets do the dishes. Ill wash them/the dishes and you dry them/the dishes. Have you got any idea about the plan？ 二、并列句中的省略 在由 and 或 but 连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。 1省略共同的主语或宾语。
18、Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher. 汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。 2若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面 的系动词、助动词或情态动词。 Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。 3若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。 His advice made me happy, b
19、ut (his advice made) Jim angry. 他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。 4若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。 He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesnt (have a knowledge of first aid) 他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。 写出下列句中可以省略的部分 Some of us study Japanese, and others study English. He gave up drinking several months, but he retu
20、rned to his old way later. 答案：others 后的 studybut 后的 he 三、复合句中的省略 1.状语从句的省略 (1)在 when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever 等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有 系动词 be 或从句的主语为 it 时，则从句中主语和 be 动词常被省略。 Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning. 木头燃烧时产生很多烟。 Whe
21、never (it is) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions. 只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。 Will you be free this Sunday? If (it is) so, lets go camping. 这周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。 省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系时，使用现在分词；若构成被 动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。 When (it is) heated, ice can be turned into water
22、. 加热的时候冰可以变成水。 (2)在 than, as 等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。 They dont use more water than (it is) necessary. 他们使用的水没有超出需要量。 He runs as fast as Bob (runs) 他和鲍勃跑得一样快。 (1)单句语法填空 When(surf) the Internet, I downloaded the film. Video games can be a poor influence if(leave) in the wrong hands. He opened his mouth as
23、 if(say) something. 答案：surfingleftto say (2)把下列句子改为省略句 If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time. ， I hope you will have a wonderful time. The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou. The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild. 答案：If soas in Guangzhou 2定语从句的省略 (1)在限制性定语从句中
24、，作宾语用的关系代词 whom, which, that 可省略(但 whom, which 紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。 The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 安吉拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是 2008 年。 (2)修饰 way 的关系词 that/in which 可以省略。 The way in which that / he speaks to us is really annoying. 他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
25、Among the many dangers which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position. 答案：whichthat 3宾语从句的省略 (1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词 that 一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接 两个或两个以上 that 引导的宾语从句时，那么只有第一个 that 可以省略。 I truly believe (that)
26、 beauty comes from within. 我由衷地相信美丽来自内心。 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。 (2)when, where, how 和 why 引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。 I know that a movie star will come to our city but I dont know when (he will come to our city) 我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我
27、不知道他什么时候来。 写出下列句中可以省略的部分 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. She didnt go to school yesterday. I dont know why she didnt go to school yesterday. 答案：thatwhy 后的 she didnt go to school yesterday 四、其他省略情况 1.动词不定式的省略 (1)当不定式在形容词 afraid, anxious, e
28、ager, glad, happy, ready, willing 等后作 状语时，to 后的内容常省略。 You cant force him to answer the question if hes not ready to (answer the question) 如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。 (2)某些使役动词，如 make, let, have 等和感官动词，如 see, watch, notice, observe, hear 等后面作宾补的不定式须省略 to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则 to 不省略。 We often hear her sing an Engl
29、ish song in the classroom. She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态) 我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。 (3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号 to。但若两个不定式之间表示对 比关系时，则不能省略 to。 He likes to swim more than (to) skate. 比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。 He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(比较) 他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。 (
30、4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有 agree, afford, expect, forget, hope, know, manage, pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, would like 等。 I would do it for you, but I dont know how to (do it for you) 我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知怎么去做。 (5)介词 but, except (除了)前有实义动词 do 的某种形式时， 后面的不定式不带 to。 All he could do was nothing but
31、 wait and see. 他所能做的只有等着瞧。 (6)当不定式在 be going to, be able to, have to, ought to, used to 后作复合谓语 时，不定式可省略。 They didnt visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents) 他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。 省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的 have 或 be 的任何形式时，to 后要保 留原形的 have 或 be。 He didnt come, but he ought to have. 他没来，但
32、他应该来。 Are you a farmer? No, but I used to be (a farmer) 你是个农民吗？ 不是，但我过去是。 按要求填空 There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait. We can do nothing but to give up. He was noticed to leave the office. The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
33、 My mother wouldnt let me to go to see the film. (1)以上句子中，黑体部分应省略的是： (2)黑体部分不能省略的是： 答案：(1)(2) 2使用 so, not 等时的省略 在英语中，可以用 so, not 或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句 子。 Can you finish your work today? 你今天能完成工作吗？ I think so. 我认为能。 I dont think so./I think not. 我认为不能。 hope, guess, be afraid 的否定形式只能用 not 的形式，不能用 not
34、 . so 的形式。 The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? I guess not. 男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？ 我猜是没做好。 单句写作 Is he feeling better today? (恐怕没有好转) Tom was injured, or he would have won the race. (我认为如此) 答案：Im afraid notI think so 3介词的省略 一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略。常见的结构有： have difficulty/trouble (in) doin
35、g sth be busy (in) doing sth spend some time (in) doing sth stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。 补全下列句中省略的介词 It was quite light andany moment now the sun would rise. I have some troublelearning English. 答案：atin 学习效果学习效果 随堂演练随堂演练
36、.单词拼写 1 She has published more than 20 books including novels,(诗歌) and literary criticism. 答案：poetry 2Thats why hes a(超级的) star. 答案：super 3For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our (金融的) markets. 答案：financial 4Each of the visitors was presented with a(纪念品). 答案：souvenir 5T
37、he painting comes from his private(收藏品) 答案：collection .将下列句子改写成省略句 1While I was walking along the street, I heard my name called. 答案：While walking along the street, I heard my name called. 2Work hard when you are young, or youll regret. 答案：Work hard when young, or youll regret. 3He looked everywhere
38、 as if he was in search of something. 答案：He looked everywhere as if in search of something. 4Though he was tired, he kept on working in the field. 答案：Though tired, he kept on working in the field. 5The teacher thought him to be a very clever pupil. 答案：The teacher thought him a very clever pupil. .单句
39、写作 1和孩子们一起玩真好。 It was fun. 答案：playing with children 2这些食物中的一些可能含有对人类有毒的天然成分。 Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are _ humans. 答案：poisonous to 3他把文件折了几折，然后收了起来。 Hehis paper and put it away. 答案：folded up 4世界之小远非你所想。 The world is even smaller. 答案：than you thought 5这项研究对我影响最大，我改变了许多。
40、 This study had the highesteffect on me and changed me a lot. 答案：percentage of 课后课时作业课后课时作业 语言运用 In the old days life was1. Enemies could attack you and kill or rob you. People did not live in wellbuilt houses where doors could be locked. They did not have the2of an organized police force. How did t
41、his influence the way people 3about home? Small family groups stayed tightly together4beasts and other men. Only the5went beyond the small family area. Today,6modern transportation and wellorganized societies, thousands of people willingly and7leave the surroundings where they were born, and the 8th
42、ey do so, the less feeling they are likely to have for those surroundings. I lived in England for three years, and I9that boys and girls left their parents homes and lived on their own. There they could just telephone and ask an agency (中介) to 10them with a house or an apartment, which was their hom
43、e.How has the meaning of this word “home” been changed by such a(n)11？What does home mean to those people or to families who often move about, living in one place and then 12？ As for me, home is where I13shut the door and be by myself. At the moment it is a room in Eaton Hall. When I left my parents
44、 several years ago, I was 14to leave. On my departure for the United States, my grandmother sobbed and wept. My father, however,15how I felt, saying, “I am not sorry that you are leaving us. I only hope that you make the most of your time.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。家对于人们的感觉来自遥远的过去。在 人类社会形态还不够发达的时期，人们选择结邻而居，是
45、为了共同抵御侵袭。而 现在，由于社会发展越来越高级，人们对家的感觉也变了。 1AdifficultBrelaxing CbusyDcosy 答案：A根据下文“Enemies could attack you and kill or rob you.”可知，过去 人们的生活是艰难的(difficult)。 relaxing “令人放松的”； busy “忙碌的”； cosy “舒适的”。故选 A。 2ApowerBtradition CsecurityDprotection 答案：D根据设空后的“an organized police force”可知，他们没有一支有组 织的警察队伍的保护(pr
46、otection)。 power “力量”；tradition “传统”；security “安全”。故选 D。 3AfeltBspoke CheardDwrote 答案：A句意：这怎样影响人们对于家的感情呢？feel 意为“感觉”，符合 语境。故选 A。 4AbesidesBbut CforDagainst 答案：D设空前的“Small family groups stayed tightly together”说明人们这样 做是有目的的，而“against beasts .”(防范野兽和其他人)正是这样做的目的。故选 D。 5AweakestBbravest CluckiestDriche
47、st 答案：B根据上下文可知，小型家庭团体紧密地团结在一起，对抗野兽和 其他人，因此此处表示只有最勇敢的人才敢离开家。故选 B。 6Athanks toBaccording to Capart fromDregardless of 答案： A根据下文可知， 人们之所以愿意离开他们出生的地方是因为(thanks to)现代交通工具的便利和社会的良好组织。thanks to “因为，由于”，符合语境。 according to “按照”；apart from “除之外”；regardless of “不管”。故选 A。 7AlegallyBeagerly CimmediatelyDreally 答
48、案：B根据本句中的“willingly”可知，成千上万的人愿意并渴望离开他们 出生的环境。eagerly “热切地，渴望地”，符合语境。故选 B。 8AfasterBquicker CsoonerDoftener 答 案 ： D根 据 下 文 的 “the less feeling they are likely to have for those surroundings”可知，他们离家越频繁(often)，对出生环境的情感就可能越少。故选 D。 9AexpectedBproved CnoticedDpredicted 答案： C句意： 我注意到(notice)， 男孩女孩都离开家， 独自生
49、活。 expect “期 待”；prove “证明”；predict “预言”，均与语境不符。故选 C。 10AprovideBbuild CofferDbuy 答案：A句意：他们只是打电话要求中介提供一幢房子或一个公寓，那就 是他们的家。provide sb with sth“提供某人某物”，符合语境。offer 也表示“提 供”，构成固定搭配，offer sb sth 或 offer sth to sb 意为“提供某人某物”。故选 A。 11AbattleBplan CactivityDidea 答案：C根据上文男孩女孩的行为可知，“家”这个词的意义因为他们的 这种行动(activity)
50、而改变。故选 C。 12AanotherBother Cthe otherDthe others 答案：Aother 相当于形容词，可作定语修饰单数或复数名词，others 前加 定冠词 the 表示特指。由前半句“often move about”可知，人们从一个地方搬到另 一个地方，所以用 one . another .“一个另一个”。故选 A。 13AmustBcan CshouldDdare 答案：B句意：家就是一个我能(can)关上门独处的地方。故选 B。 14AdisappointedBshocked CconfusedDanxious 答案：D根据上文“ . shut the d
