1、Section Discovering Useful Structures happening or being used or done nowadj. current 6enough for a particular purpose; as much as you needadj. sufficient 7a cleansing agent made from the salts of vegetable or animal fatsn. soap 8wanting to do sth or wanting sth to happen very muchadj. keen 9so_as_t
2、o_(do_sth) 为了；以便 10figure_out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 .教材原句 1I trained for a long time to _ (驾驶飞机) as a fighter pilot. (教材 P42) 答案：fly airplanes 2 As we all know， an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm _ (为了) work in space. (教材 P42) 答案：in order to 3Some scientists were _ (决心) help humans realise their dream t
3、o explore space. (教材 P42) 答案：determined to 4In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to _ (结婚) in space. (教材 P42) 答案：get married 5One of the problems is that the trip would take _ (很长一段时 间). (教材 P42) 答案：a very long time 6 It could take more than four years to reach the nearest _ (星系). (教材 P4
4、2) 答案：star system 7 How did he spend _ (他的大部分时间) in space? (教 材 P43) 答案：most of his time 8 What did he _ (期望) most during his stay in space? (教材 P43) 答案：look forward to 9I _ (等不及) to see Captain Brown! (教材 P43) 答案：cant wait 10 What do they do so as not to float around _ (当他们睡 觉的时候)? (教材 P43) 答案：whil
5、e they sleep 重点知识重点知识 合作探究合作探究 1 As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.(教材 P42) 众所周知，宇航员在太空中工作，需要保持健康和冷静。 剖析as 引导方式状语从句， 意为“像那样，按照的方式”。 归纳 拓展 Leave the papers as they are. 别动那些文件。 The Chinese people are keener on volunteer services and charity as China i
6、s becoming more prosperous. 随着中国愈加繁荣，中国人民愈加热衷于志愿服务和慈善事业。 As you werent there, I left a message. 因为你不在那里，所以我留了个口信。 Try as he might (However hard he tried), he couldnt open the door. 尽管他很努力，但也没能打开门。 单句写作 山河依旧。 The mountains and rivers remain _ before. 考虑到天气不好，我们只好推迟行期。 _ is so bad, we have to delay ou
7、r journey. 随着时间的推移，这孩子也认识到了自己的错误。 _， the boy came to realize his mistakes. 尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。 Happy _， there was something missing. 答案： as they wereAs the weatherAs time went byas/though they were 2lack n. 缺乏；短缺vt. 没有；缺乏(教材 P42) 归纳 拓展 Lack of confidence prevented him from accomplishing his original go
8、al. 缺乏信心阻止他实现最初的目标。 He was not employed for lack of experience. 由于缺少经验，他未被录用。 You shall never lack for money while I am alive. 我活着你就永远不会缺钱。 Judging from his conduct, I think he is lacking in education. 从他的行为来看，我认为他缺乏教育。 (1)单句语法填空 There is no lack _ method in his way of thinking. They are so rich tha
9、t they lack _ nothing. The only thing hes lacking _ is experience. 答案：offorin (2)单句写作 因为缺乏证据，他很快被释放了。 He was soon set free _ evidence. 答案：for lack of 3beyond prep. 在更远处；超出(教材 P42) 归纳 拓展 Its beyond me why she married such a heavy smoker. 我实在无法理解为什么她会嫁给这样一个烟鬼。 The beauty of the waterfall is beyond des
10、cription. 瀑布的美是无法形容的。 The development of things is beyond her expectation. 事情的发展出乎她的意料。 The increase in prices is beyond control. 物价上涨已失去了控制。 The lorry was damaged, beyond hope of repair. 卡车严重损坏，已无修复的希望。 (1)单句语法填空 I am afraid its beyond _. Its _ belief that a 14yearold girl could break the provincia
11、l high jump record. 答案：mebeyond (2)单句写作 他这样对待她是无法忍受的。 His treatment of her was _. 这个练习超出了他的能力。 The exercise was _. 答案：beyond endurancebeyond his ability 4keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的(教材 P43) 归纳 拓展 I wasnt too keen on going to the party. 我不太想去参加这次聚会。 His wife is keen to live in the large city. 他的妻子渴望住在大城市里。 I h
12、ave been keenly looking forward to this visit. 我一直热切期待进行这次访问。 The only thing I could see in him was a certain keenness for action. 在他身上我唯一能看到的是一种对行动的渴望。 (1)单句语法填空 I like traveling but Im not very keen _ flying. He observes _ (keen) but says very little. 答案：onkeenly (2)单句写作 我很想知道他们何时结婚的。 I _ to know
13、when they got married. 他对生活和成功的渴望都反映在他的画作里。 His _ life and success reflected in his paintings. 答案：am very keenkeenness for Grammar不定式作定语和状语不定式作定语和状语 语法体验语法体验 指出下列句子中黑体部分所作的句子成分 1Can you find a proper person to finish this job in time？定语 2Do you have anything to be taken there？定语 3I hurried to his ho
14、use, only to find him out.状语 4Hes old enough to make a trip alone.状语 5Do you have anything to do tonight? 定语 6In his third year, he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft. 状 语 语法讲座语法讲座 一、不定式作定语 1.不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词之间有 逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系、动状关系或同位关系。不定式通常要放在这些被 修饰的词后。 I have a lot of
15、 work to do. 我有许多工作要做。(动宾关系) The future to greet us will be bright. 我们的未来将是美好的。(主谓关系) I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那儿。(动状关系) He has got a chance to go abroad. 他有一个出国的机会。(同位关系) (1)不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而该不定式为不及物动词 时，其后须加上适当的介词。 I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间屋子住。 (2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不
16、定式动作的承受者时，不定式 既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，但其含义有所不同。 Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式 to send 的动作执行者是“你”) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式 to be sent 的动作执行者是 “我”或“别人”) 2不定式作定语的几种情况： (1)不定式作定语可以表示将来的动作。 I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 我借了一些我假期要读的书。 (2)序数词，形容词最高级， the
17、last, the only 等词后或被这些词修饰的名词/ 代词后，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，常用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：plan, ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 And the best way to strength
18、en willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。 (1)单句语法填空 In my family, my mother is always the first one _ (get) up. Here is some advice for you _ (follow). He has no pen _ (write) with. In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs _ (do) Im not sure about his ability _ (complete
19、) the task alone. 答案：to getto followto writeto doto complete (2)单句写作 我们得先找到一个处所过夜。 We have to find a shelter _. “东方红一号”卫星是我国发射到太空的第一颗卫星。 Dongfanghong 1 was the first satellite _ into space by our country. 你还有别的什么要为自己说的吗？ Do you have anything else _ for yourself? 答案：to spend the night into be sentto
20、say 二、不定式作状语 1.结果状语 不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。 常用于下列结构中： only to do (不 料竟会); enough to do (足够做); too . to . (太而不能); so/such . as to . (如此以至于)。 He hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。 He was so tired as to be unable to walk. He was too tired to walk. 他累得走不动了
21、。 现在分词(短语)作结果状语常常表示“自然而然、意料之中或顺理成章”的 结果。 It hasnt rained for a month, making the crops hard to grow. 一个月没下雨了导致庄稼很难生长。 2目的状语 不定式作目的状语主要表示某一动作或状态的目的。 常用于下列结构中： only to (仅仅为了); in order to (为了); so . as to (以便); so (such) . as to . (如此以 便)。 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I com
22、e here only to say goodbye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 (1)不定式的复合结构作目的状语 当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时， 要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定 式或不定式短语之前加“for 名词/宾格代词”)作状语。 He opened the door for the children to come in. 他开门让孩子们进来。 (2)目的状语从句与不定式的转换 英语中的目的状语从句，还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语，从而使句 子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况： 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式 或不定式短语作状语。
23、 Well start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. Well start early in order to/so as to arrive in time. 我们将早点动身，以便及时到达。 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复 合结构作状语。 I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. I came early (in order) for you to read my report befo
24、re the meeting. 我来得早是为了让你在会议前读我的报告。 (1)单句语法填空 He nearly rushed all the way to the cinema so as not _ (be) late. Her father left home, never _ (hear) from. However rich people are, they always seem anxious _ (make) more money. 答案：to beto be heardto make (2)单句写作 开会的时间到了，我来接你去。 Its time for the meeting
25、, and I have come _. 您能否为我提供一些相关信息呢？ Would you be so kind _ me with some relevant information? 为了阐明我的观点，我做了一个对比分析。 _ my point, I have done a comparative analysis. 答案：to fetch youas to provideTo/In order to illustrate 学习效果学习效果 随堂演练随堂演练 .单词拼写 1We should _ (回收利用) the used things. 答案：recycle 2Shut the w
26、indow, _ (否则) itll get too cold here. 答案：otherwise 3The _ (当前的) situation is very different to that in 2010. 答案：current 4The s_energy is more and more widely used in daily life. 答案：solar 5 Only when agriculture is fully developed can industry have s_ materials and markets. 答案：sufficient .单句语法填空 1Tom
27、orrow my father will go to Beijing so as _ (see) his old friend. 答案：to see 2Guilin is a good city _ (go) sightseeing. 答案：to go 3_ (keep) themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 答案：To keep 4 She fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry _ (inspect).
28、 答案：to inspect 5The hotel has special _ (facility) for welcoming disabled people. 答案：facilities .单句写作 1他虽然经验不足，但还是获得了这份工作。 Despite his _ experience, he got the job. 答案：lack of 2有些事你无法控制，但却可以从中学到很多。 Something are _， but you can learn much from them. 答案：beyond control 3不久你就会弄清楚他到底是个什么样的人了。 By and by y
29、oull be able to _ what sort of person he really is. 答案：figure out 4一些落叶漂在宁静的湖面上。 Some fallen leaves _ on the still lake. 答案：were floating about 5他们确实热衷于出售这个商贸中心。 Theyre really _ the shopping centre. 答案：keen to sell 课后课时作业课后课时作业 语言运用 Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but al
30、so because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts _1_ our protective blanket on the _2_. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we _3_. Heat, too, makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet (紫外线的) rays penetrate the _4_. Cosmic
31、 (宇宙的) rays of various kinds come _5_ the air from outer space, but _6_ quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere, they are _7_ to this radiation, _8_ their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, _9_ prevent a lot of radiatio
32、n damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in _10_. Doses of radiation are measured in _11_ called “rems (雷姆)”. We all _12_ radiation here on earth from the sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The “_13_” dose of radiation that we receive each year is about two mil
33、lirems. It _14_ according to where you live, and this is a very rough estimate. Scientists have the reason to think that a man can _15_ far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged. 篇章导读： 本文是一篇说明文。 太阳和其他星体的辐射对人类既有利又有弊， 大气层对削弱辐射起到了重要作用。 1A.forBwith ConDas 答案：D此处表述大气层起到地球保护层的作用。设空处表示“担当，充 当”的
34、意思。act as 意为“充当，起作用”。故选 D。 2A.starsBsun CearthDspace 答案：C根据上下文语境可知，大气层起到保护层的作用，保护的应该是 地球。故选 C。 3A.useBlive CeatDget 答案：C根据语境及设空前的“food”可知，植物依靠阳光来制造我们吃的食 物。故选 C。 4A.environmentBspace CatmosphereDearth 答案：C根据上文可知，大气层像毯子一样覆盖着地球，对其起到保护作 用，故紫外线所穿透的就是大气层(atmosphere)。故选 C。 5A.acrossBto CfromDthrough 答案： D根
35、据语境可知， 宇宙的光线从外层空间穿过空气。 come through “穿 透”。故选 D。 6A.validBenormous CvariousDproper 答案：B句意：大量的(enormous)辐射已被屏蔽。故选 B。 7A.shownBexposed CfacedDcovered 答案：Bbe exposed to “暴露于”，符合语境。故选 B。 8A.butBbecause CsoDso that 答案：A根据上文“人们一离开大气层就会受到辐射”，以及下文“他们 的太空服和太空船的外壁会屏蔽掉大量的辐射伤害”。因而判断前后句之间是转 折关系。故选 A。 9A.getBmake
36、ChaveDdo 答案：D“do动词原形”结构用来强调谓语动词。故选 D。 10A.earthBatmosphere CspaceDenvironment 答案：C根据文章第一句可知，辐射是探险者在太空遇见的最大危险。故 选 C。 11A.piecesBunits CpartsDsystems 答案：B根据该句的关键信息“Doses” “measured”以及所给的专有单位名称 可推测，此处是指测量单位。故选 B。 12A.receiveBaccept CbringDcatch 答案：Areceive 表示客观收到或接到；accept 表示主观接受。我们是受到 辐射而非主观接受。故选 A。 1
37、3A.conventionalBcommon CgeneralDnormal 答案： D句意： 每年受到辐射的正常(normal)剂量大约为 2 毫雷姆。 故选 D。 14A.puzzlesBfloats CcombinesDchanges 答案：D根据常识可知，所处地点不同，所受辐射量也不一样。故选 D。 15A.put up withBkeep up with Ccome up withDcatch up with 答案：A根据下文中的“without being damaged”可知，此处指的是能够承受 的辐射。put up with 意为“忍受”，符合语境。故选 A。 阅读 The e
38、arth is the only planet that scientists think has life. Why does the earth have life while the other planets dont? For one thing, the earth has the right temperature. As the_third_planet from the sun, the earth seems to be just the right distance away. The planets which are closer to the sun are so
39、hot that their surfaces bakeW1in the sun. The farthest planets are cold balls. When the earth developedwhich scientists believe may have happened about 4 billion years agomany gases covered the earth. The gases caused the earth to be hot. But something wonderful happened. The temperature was just ri
40、ght for thick clouds to form. It rained very hard for a very long time. This gave the earth its oceans. Water made it possible for plants to grow. The plants created oxygen in the atmosphere. Oxygen is the gas that humans and animals breathe. Only one other planet in the solar system seems to be som
41、ething like the earth. That planet is the Mars. The Mars is smaller than the earth, and it is quite a bit cooler. But it is not too cold for humans. On some days, the temperature is as low as a winter day in the northern United States. If you wore a special spacesuitW2, you could walk around on the
42、Mars. You would have to bring your own air to breathe, because the air on the Mars is too thin to breathe. The Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system. It is sixteen miles high. The highest volcano on the earth is five miles high. The most unexpected sight on the Mars is driedup river bedsP
43、. Scientists believe that the Mars was once much better than it is now. Does this mean there could have been living things on the Mars? Scientists are not sure, but there has been no sign so far. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球存在生命的原因以及火星的 情况。 1Which of the following is NOT the reason why the earth has life?
44、AThe earth has the right temperature. BThe volcanoes on the earth are lower than those on the Mars. CThere is oxygen in the atmosphere of the earth. DThe earth seems to be just the right distance away from the sun. 答案：B细节理解题。科学家认为地球是唯一有生命存在的太阳系行星， 其原因包括地球温度合适、距太阳距离适中和大气里含有氧气等。B 项火山与此 无关。 2 The under
45、lined phrase “the third planet” in the first paragraph refers to “_” Athe SunB.the Moon Cthe EarthD.the Mars 答案：C词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“the earth seems to be . ”可知，距离 太阳第三远的行星指的是地球。 3What can not we conclude from the passage about the Mars? AThere could have been living things on the Mars. BThe Mars has the
46、largest volcano in the solar system. CThere is almost no oxygen in the air on the Mars. DThe Mars is smaller than the earth, and it is quite a bit cooler. 答案：A推理判断题。文章最后一段提到火星上有干涸河床的迹象，但这 一点并不能证实火星上存在生命，因为迄今为止还没有发现生命迹象，故 A 项无 法从文章中推断出来。 4Which of the following is probably the best title for the pass
47、age? AThe Earth BThe Moon CPlanets in the Solar System DThe Mars is Most Like the Earth 答案：D标题判断题。文章首先说明地球上存在生命的原因，接着又对比 了火星和地球，说明火星是与地球最相似的行星。D 项作标题最为恰当。 W 重点单词 1bake v. 烘烤2.spacesuit n. 太空服 P 重点短语 driedup river bed 干涸的河床 语法填空 What will it be like to live on the moon? Volunteers _1_ (live) in Yuego
48、ng1, a closed lab _2_ imitates a moonlike environment at Beihang University in Beijing, might be able to answer this question. In January, four volunteers finished spending 200 days in the lab. Never _3_ any person stayed in a closed lab for such a long period of time before the volunteers had their
49、 try. It was tough for the volunteers to have both body and mind _4_ (adjust) to the environment in the closed lab. _5_ their credits, the volunteers set a world record for the _6_ (long) stay in a closed lab. Life in Yuegong1 is busy. Volunteers get up at 8：30 am and go to bed at 11 pm. Growing foo
50、d _7_ (be) their daily routine. There are more than 30 kinds of vegetables and fruit for them to grow and eat. Volunteers need to record their body temperature, blood _8_ (press) and mental state every day. Scientists outside the lab use these data _9_ (monitor) their health. The experiment will giv
