1、定语从句及相关术语定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，(一般紧 跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。) 2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系代词关系代词 指代指代在定语从句中所充当的成分在定语从句中所充当的成分 人人物物句子句子主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语 关系副词关系副词指代指代在定语从句中所充当的成分在定语从句中所充当的成分 thatthat whowho whomwhom which whi
2、ch whosewhose as as when when 时间时间 时间状语时间状语 where where 地点地点 地点状语地点状语 why why 原因原因 原因状语原因状语 定语从句分类定语从句分类 定语从句定语从句 The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 类别类别意义意义功能功能形式形式关系代词关系代词 限定性限定性 定语从句定语从句 非限定性非限定性 定语从句定语从句 起限定作用。若省起限定作用。若省 略，原句
3、意义不完略，原句意义不完 整。整。 起补充说明作用。起补充说明作用。 若省略，原句意义若省略，原句意义 不受影响。不受影响。 修饰先修饰先 行词行词 修饰先行修饰先行 词词 / 整个句子整个句子 无逗号无逗号 隔开隔开 有逗号有逗号 与主句与主句 隔开隔开 有有that that 无无that that 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 作作宾语宾语时可时可 以省略以省略 不可以省不可以省 略略 关系代词关系代词/关系副词关系副词和先行词的关系和先行词的关系 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. that=the
4、 machine 2. The boy who broke the window is called Tom. who= the boy 3. The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. whose=the boys 4. The house the window of which is broken is mine. which= the house 5. The house of which the window is broken. of which=of the house 6. I still r
5、emember the day when I came here. when=on the day 7. This is the house where I lived last year. where=in the house 8. There are many reasons why people like traveling. why=for the reasons 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指 关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格 关系副词关系副词=介词先行词介词先行词 语法填空- 定语 明备考方向明备考方向 常见考点常见考点
6、1. 1. 只用只用thatthat的情况的情况 2. 2. 指人时指人时that that 与与whowho的区别的区别 3 3. . 只用只用whichwhich且不能省略的情况且不能省略的情况 4 4. . 难用的难用的 whose whose 5 5. .介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词 6 6. . 关系副词和关系副词和“介词关系代词介词关系代词”的互换的互换 7 7. as . as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 8 8. as . as 和和which which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别引导非限定性定语从句的区别 9. 9. 定语从句中的主谓一致问题定语从句中的主谓一致问题 1
7、0.10.先行词是先行词是 time time 的情况的情况 1. This is all _ I know about the matter. 2. Is there anything else _ you require? 3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. 4. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything. 5. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? 6. The first book _ I bought is Harry
8、 Potter . 7. This is the very pen_ he used when he was writing the book. 8. That is the best film _has ever been shown so far . 9. He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. 8. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? that 的情况的情况 thatthat thatthat thatthat
9、 thatthat thatthat thatthat thatthat 先行词为人和物的组合先行词为人和物的组合 2. 先行词为人和物的组合先行词为人和物的组合关系代词用关系代词用 that thatthat 1. 先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no ，the last，the very, the only,the same 或不定代词或不定代词 everything, nothing, something, anything或序数词或或序数词或 最高级等修饰时，最高级等修饰时，关系代词用关系代词用that thatthat thatthat 3. 若主
10、句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要 用 who, which而用 that 4.4.被修饰词为数词时被修饰词为数词时, , 该关系代词用该关系代词用thatthat Now you can see the two _ are still alive. 5.5.主句是主句是There beThere be结构修饰其主语的定语从句用结构修饰其主语的定语从句用thatthat 作关系代词作关系代词 Theres still a seat in the corner _ is still free. 6. 6. 定语从句中缺表语时，该关系代词宜定语从句中缺表语时，该
11、关系代词宜用用thatthat He is not the person _ he was ten years ago. thatthat thatthat thatthat 考点考点1: that 1: that 与与which which 的区别的区别 1. 1. 先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no all, little, much, every, no ，the lastthe last，the very, the very, the only,the same the only,the same 或不定代词或不定代词 everything, no
12、thing, everything, nothing, something, anythingsomething, anything或序数词或最高级等修饰时，关系代词用或序数词或最高级等修饰时，关系代词用thatthat 2. 2. 先行词为人和物的组合先行词为人和物的组合关系代词用关系代词用thatthat 3.3.若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who who 或者或者 whichwhich，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, , 关系代词不关系代词不 要用要用 who, whichwho, which而用而用 thatthat 4.4.被修饰词为数词时被修饰词为数词时, , 该关系代词用
13、该关系代词用thatthat 5.5.主句是主句是There beThere be结构修饰其主语的定语从句用结构修饰其主语的定语从句用thatthat作关系代词作关系代词 6. 6. 定语从句中缺表语时，该关系代词宜用定语从句中缺表语时，该关系代词宜用thatthat 考点考点2.2.指人时指人时that that 与与whowho的区别的区别 在在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词作先行词 时时, 用用”who” 代替代替 “that”. Anyone _breaks the law is punished. Those _ break the law ar
14、e punished. He _ breaks the law is punished. whowho whowho whowho 考点考点3 3：只用 只用whichwhich且不能省略的情况且不能省略的情况 1.介词前置介词前置且指物时且指物时 My glasses,without _ I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke. 2. 非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时 The machine ,_ I have looked after for many years ,is still w
15、orking perfectly. She failed the exam, _ made her parents vary angry. 3、当主句中的主语被、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。修饰时。 ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary. which which which 1，The current , _ is very rapid, makes the river dangerous. 2, The only thing _ could be done is to find our way home. 3，The documents f
16、or_they were searching have been recovered. 4，The first English book_I read was “The little prince” . 5，Who is the person_is standing at the gate? 6, The sleeping mans subconscious mind retained everything _was said around him. 7, Thus the next task began of clearing Arab forces from the area and th
17、en rebuilding the road, _would be paved and five meters wide. 8, He had a couple of revolvers with_ he could defend himself. 9, There is no possibility_he will be here tomorrow. which thatthat which thatthat thatthat thatthat which which thatthat Practice Practice makes perfect !Practice makes perfe
18、ct ! 1. Everythingwhichwesawwasofgreatinterest. 2. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow. 3. Ive read all the books which I borrowed from the library. 4. Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood. 5. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembe
19、red in the country. 6. IwontforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw. 8. Those wants to go with me put up your hands. 9. The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard. 10. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors. 1. Everythingwhichwesawwasofgreatinterest. 2. The sun gives off light and warm
20、th, that makes it possible for plants to grow. 3. Ive read all the books which I borrowed from the library. 4. Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood. 5. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country. 6. IwontforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw. 8. Those wants to
21、 go with me put up your hands. 9. The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard. 10. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors. thatthat whichwhich thatthat thatthat whowho whosewhose whomwhom The house is mine. The window of the house is broken. 合并句子合并句子 The house whose window is broken
22、is mine. 考点考点4. 4. 难用的难用的 whose whose The house the window of which is broken is mine. The house of which the window is broken is mine. ThegirlwhosehairisgoldenisfromEngland. Thegirlis from England. Her hairisgolden. Thegirlthe hair of whom isgoldenisfromEngland. Thegirl of whom the hair isgoldenisf
23、romEngland. whose+whose+名词名词 = =the +n + of whichthe +n + of which =of which + the + n.=of which + the + n. 考点考点5 5. .介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词 当关系代词关系代词在定语从句中作介词介词_时，我们可以用 _ _+_ (指人) 或者_+_（指物）来 引导定语从句。 宾语宾语 介词介词 whom 介词介词 which Are these two sentences right? The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The ci
24、ty that/which she lives is far away. to in 关系代词前介词的选择关系代词前介词的选择 (1)根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配 Who is the girl _ _ you just shook hands? (2)根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配。根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配。 Well never forget the day _ _ we climbed up the Great Wall. (3)根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。 He shows me so
25、me old coins _ _ I am not very familiar. (4)根据句子所要表达的意思。根据句子所要表达的意思。 We had supper at six oclock, _ _ I went to see my uncle. (5)在非限制性定从中表在非限制性定从中表“所有关系所有关系”或或“整体中的一部分整体中的一部分”时用介词时用介词of He wrote about 20 novels, _ _this is the most successful. 特别提醒特别提醒 含有固定搭配的动词短语，由于其关系紧密，不宜拆分，所以不能将介 词置于关系代词之前。这类常见的
26、动词短语有： look after, take care of, listen to, look at, look into, run across, look forward to, break into等。等。 with whom on which with which after which of which 用适当的用适当的介词介词+关系代词关系代词填空填空 1、The man _ _ I talked is our teacher. 2、This is the library _ _ I borrow books. 3、Great changes take place before
27、our eyes every day _ _ we pay little attention. 4、The worker _ _ the boss is not happy will be fired for his laziness. 5、We thought you were a person _ _ we could expect good decisions. 6、The money _ _ you were to buy dog food is gone. 7、Some of the books were gifts _ _ he got his Chinese friends an
28、d students. 8、This is the school _ _ I studied five years ago. 9、Yesterday we visited the West Lake_ _ Hangzhou is famous. 10、Please pass me the book the cover_ _ is green. wwith whomith whom from whichfrom which to whichto which with whomwith whom from whomfrom whom with whichwith which from whichf
29、rom which in whichin which for whichfor which of whichof which 每日一道高考题 When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.I had grown not only physically，and also mentally in the past few years.About one month after this photo was took，I entered my second year of high school and
30、become a new member of the school music club.Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes， playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.This picture often b
31、rings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.I had grown not only physically，and also mentally in the past few years.About one month after this photo was took，I entered my second year of high school and become a
32、 new member of the school music club.Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes， playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.This picture often brings ba
33、ck to me many happy memories of your high school days. havebut taken became thethat/which different latest my Verb Noun achieve behaviour connect organize observation inspiration specialize entertainment argument advertisement behave achievement specialist advertise observe connection organization i
34、nspire argue entertain organizer 5You are driving too fast. Dont you know that every driver should _ the speed limit in this area? I am sorry. I didnt notice the sign. Alook Bobserve Csee Dwatch B 语法填空- 定语 明备考方向明备考方向 常见考点常见考点 1. 1. 只用只用thatthat的情况的情况 2. 2. 指人时指人时that that 与与whowho的区别的区别 3 3. . 只用只用w
35、hichwhich且不能省略的情况且不能省略的情况 4 4. . 难用的难用的 whose whose 5 5. .介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词 6 6. . 关系副词和关系副词和“介词关系代词介词关系代词”的互换的互换 7 7. as . as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 8 8. as . as 和和which which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别引导非限定性定语从句的区别 9. 9. 定语从句中的主谓一致问题定语从句中的主谓一致问题 10.10.先行词是先行词是 time time 的情况的情况 11. 11. 易混句型易混句型 1、We had a good laugh over
36、 the strange way _ Matt solved the problem. 2、I didnt like the way _ _ she talked to me. 3、The way _ he teaches English is funny. 4. The way _ he told me is funny. 5. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. 6. Worrying never helps in a situation_ you
37、 cant change. 7. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. 8. They developed their friendship to a stage _ they often shared sorrow and happiness. 9. The police are looking into a case _ the suspect is a cat. in which/t
38、hat/in which/that/不填不填 in which/that/in which/that/不填不填 in which/that/in which/that/不填不填 which/that/which/that/省略省略 注意：注意： 1. 1. 当先行词是当先行词是wayway且在定语从句中作状语时，可以用且在定语从句中作状语时，可以用in whichin which 或或thatthat或不填来引导定语从句。或不填来引导定语从句。 where=in whichwhere=in which that/which that/which where=in whichwhere=in w
39、hich where=at whichwhere=at which where=in whichwhere=in which 2. 当当situation（情境、情况），（情境、情况），condition(s)（条件、状况），（条件、状况），case （情形、案例），（情形、案例），stage（阶段），（阶段），point（点、程度），（点、程度），position （位置），（位置），places（地方）等作先行词时在定语从句中充当状语时用（地方）等作先行词时在定语从句中充当状语时用 关系副词关系副词where at this stage 在这个阶段在这个阶段 at this point 在
40、这一点上在这一点上 in this situation 在这种情况下在这种情况下 in this position 在这个位置在这个位置 in/under this condition 在这种情况下在这种情况下 in this case 在这种情况下在这种情况下 at this stage 在这个阶段在这个阶段 at this point 在这一点上在这一点上 in this situation 在这种情况下在这种情况下 in this position 在这个位置在这个位置 in/under this condition 在这种情况下在这种情况下 in this case 在这种情况下在这种
41、情况下 关系副词可以用关系副词可以用“介词关系代词介词关系代词”来替换。来替换。 whenat/in/on.which; whereat/in/on.which； whyfor which Do you still remember the day _ we went to the beach? We cant find the house _ we used to live. The reason _ he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him to. 考点6：关系副词和“介词关系代词”的互换 when =
42、on which where = in which why= for which 1. This is the same bike _ we lost yesterday. 2. Such girls _as he knows are good at English . 3. He is so good a teacher _we all respect. 4. She will marry as healthy a man _ she can find . 5. _ everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long histor
43、y . 6. He has so difficult a problem , _ none of us can solve . as/that as as as As as 每日一道高考题 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence 61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as fa
44、r south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62_ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modem methods _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been empl
45、oyed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64_ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _65_ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66_ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67_
46、 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68_ (high) than they actually are. Of 69_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough dat
47、a. that poorly of/for to perform have reported belief noting higher the are 7. as 引导的定语从句 1) as作关系代词引导限制性定语从句作关系代词引导限制性定语从句 用在用在“such as”, “the same as/the same as”“so/asas”等结构中等结构中 He wished to be such a man _ Lei Feng was. The teacher gave the students so difficult a problem _ no one could work ou
48、t. He is not the same man _ he used to be. I live in the same house as he (lives in). 注意注意 1：I live in the same house that he lives in. 我与他住在同一个房间。我与他住在同一个房间。 the same that表示同一个表示同一个 asas asas asas 2) 引导非限制性定语从句，引导非限制性定语从句， a.用来指代它前面的整个句子用来指代它前面的整个句子(即先行句即先行句) ,这个分句这个分句 可以放在句首，句中，或句末可以放在句首，句中，或句末 Th
49、is elephant is like a snake, _ anybody can see. _ is well known, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth. b.若非限制性定语从句位于句首，句中或句末，若非限制性定语从句位于句首，句中或句末， 则用则用as来引导。来引导。 _ we expected, he completed his task with great success. c.若非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词是若非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词是 be said, be known,be expected, be reported ,
50、 be announced等等 结构时，不论是在句首，句中，结构时，不论是在句首，句中， 句末，都必须句末，都必须as 用来引导用来引导. _is known to us, Taiwan is part of China. asas AsAs AsAs As As 1. Ill never forget the days when I spent in New York with you. 2. Ill never forget the days which I visited New York with you. 3. Is this the library where you visite
