1、Unit1第一册第一册 1. Sb. was doing when. I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me. When 在此作并列连词，相当于 and then 或者 and at that time Sb. was about to do when Sb. was on the point of doing.when Sb. had just done.when 2. 主语+be+adj.+to do When my English teacher stepped into
2、the classroom, I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier. She will be surprised to see you. Im excited to see my old friend. We are sad to hear that. 表示情感的形容词+ to do Surprised, shocked, amazed, excited, disappointed, delighted, happy, sorry, sad 等 3. Too.to 太.而不能 I had been too nervous t
3、o pay attention when he introduced himself. He was too weak to walk. = He was not strong enough to walk. = He was so weak that he could not walk. 4. Although I was embarrassed, his words made me a lot more relaxed. Make+n./pron.+ 形容词The news made him happy. Make+n./pron.+不带 to 的不定式The teacher made h
4、im stay after school. Make+n./pron.+ 过去分词He can make himself understood in English. Make+n./pron.+ 名词This movie made him a star. Make + it + 名词/形容词+ to do/从句He made it clear that he objected. Make+n./pron.+不带 to 的不定式被动语态，被动语态， 把把 to 加回来加回来 He was made to stay after school. 5. 部分否定 But life is not al
5、ways easy. 总括性的词有 all, both, every, everything, everybody, everyone, always, altogether 等 Not all birds can fly. = All birds cant fly.(部分否定) 全部否定：表示全部否定意义的词 （none, neither, nothing, nobody, no one, never 等 None of my friends came. We know nothing about her family. 6. Must have done You must have had
6、 some moments when you were disappointed. Must have done 结构，表示对过去情况的肯定推测，仅用于肯定句中。 Cant/couldnt have done 不可能做过某事 Could have done 本能做而未做 May/might have done 可能做过 Should have done 本该做而未做 Shouldnt have done 本不该做却做了 Neednt have done 本没有必要做却做了 7. If so 如果是这样的话 If so, how did you deal with them? If so 是省略
7、句式，if 用作连词，so 代替上文的肯定内容 8. 句子的 5 大基本句 1. 主谓 You leave. 2. 主谓宾 I love you. 3. 主谓宾宾 I give you my heart. 4. 主谓宾补 You make me sad. 5. 主系表 I fell bad. 1） 主语 （subject） Apples are my favorite fruit.(名词) He is a doctor. (代词) Three plus five is eight.(数词) The young should respect the old. （名词化的形容词） To see i
8、s to believe.(不定式) Running is good for your health. (动名词) When we shall leave hasnt been decided.(主语从句) 2） 谓语 （verb）简单谓语，复合谓语 简单谓语由动词或动词短语充当。 The sun rises in the east. He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语由 “情态 v./助动词+动词” 构成 He can speak English very well. The work must be done before three oclock. 3）
9、宾语 （object） He doesnt like the job.(名词) We enjoy playing football.（动名词短语） He said that he would return soon.(宾语从句) They offered me the job. (双宾， “间”人“直”物) 4） 宾语补足语 （object complement） 宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语 We must keep it a secret.(名词) I found the book very interesting.（形容词） Please make yourself at home.
10、（介词短语） She asked me to lend her a hand. (不定式短语) He made himself known to them first. (分词短语) Please keep the dog out.(副词) 当主动语态变为被动语态后，宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。 5） 表语 （predicative） 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份 We are Chinese.(名词/形容词) Im not quite myself today.(代词) Who was the first?(数词) He is out of condition.(介词短语) They
11、 seem to know the truth. (不定式短语) His hobby is playing computer games.(动名词短语) Lisa is crying. (现在分词) This is what he told me yesterday.(表语从句) 6） 定语 (Attribute) 放在被修饰词的前面，叫前置定语； 放在被修饰词的后面，叫后置定语。 This is a difficult problem.(形容词) Her mother is professor.(代词) There are about sixty people at the meeting.
12、(数词) He works in a trade company.(名词) Do you know Velas mother?(名词所有格) She met her English teacher on her way home.(副词) She bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) There is some exciting news in todays newspaper.(现在分词) Is there any difference between spoken English and written English? (过去分词) The man who
13、helps me with Maths is my maths teacher. (定语从句) 7） 状语 （adverbial） 状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定 式、分词或从句等充当，可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、 程度、让步、频率等。 Ill be back in a while.(时间状语) They are playing on the playground.(地点状语) He was late for school because of the heavy rain. (原因状语) He waited to the r
14、esult of the game. (目的状语) It rained so hard that they had to put off the sports meet.(结果状语) She often goes to work by bus.(方式状语) She sat there waiting.(伴随状语) Please call me up if it is necessary. (条件状语) The computer games is very exciting. (程度状语) They continued to walk in spite of the heavy snow. (让
15、步状语) He often comes late to school.(频率状语) Unit2 9. have trouble (in) doing sth. Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? have difficulty (in) doing sth. 10. 表示否定意义的词位于句首引起的倒装 Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. 菠萝里面既没有松树也没有苹果。 表示否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序，
16、 即把系动词情态动词助动词 提到主语之前 Never, neither, nor, hardly, rarely, seldom, little, by no means, in no way, at no time, on no account等 11. This/That/It is why 那就是为什么 （why 引导表语从句） That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. This/That/It is because.(bec
17、ause 表从) The reason(why.) is that.（why 引导定从）(that 引导表从) 12. People/They say that.据说 People say that the British always play safe with what they eat. It be + 过去分词+that. It is reported that. 据报道 It is announced that. 据宣布 It is considered that. 人们认为 It is hoped that. 人们希望 It is thought that. 人们认为 It is
18、 believed that.人们相信 It is suggested that. 有人建议 13. Sb. spends some time (in) doing sth. I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper. 花费 Spent 花钱，花时间 Take 花时间 Pay 花钱 Cost 花钱 Face 脸 =面对 v. House 房屋= 提供住处 v. Nurse 护士= 护理 v. Water 水= 浇水v. Part-timeshort-wavefilm-makerlow-lying Get-together
19、passers-bywell-knownlong-term Cold-bloodedbaby-sitter 1. It is a good idea to start a part-time job to make extra money. 2. Its enough to use a short-wave radio to pick up the grogramme. 3. Walt Disney, the great film-maker, was born in Chicago. 4. The Dead Sea is very low-lying, at around 430 meter
20、s below sea level. 5. We are having a little get-together to celebrate his birthday. 6. They often perform in the streets for the passers-by. 7. Im sure you will be well-known. 8. Long-term use of fertilizers can cause damage to land or people 9. The snake is cold-blooded creature, and it hibernates
21、 in winter. 10.Please help me find a baby-sitter to look after my son this afternoon. 14. Here/There/Now/Then + 谓语 + 主语 （名词） 1）当句首是 here, there, now, then 等副词，谓语动词时 be，go, come 等，且主语 是名词时，句子要用完全倒装。 Here is your book.你的书在这儿。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了。 Then came a new difficu
22、lty.接着产生了一个新困难。 2）当主语是人称代词时，则不用倒装。 Here you are. Here we are. 15. 表示提议：Why dont you do sth.?你为什么不做.呢? Why dont you do sth.? = Why not do sth.? Lets do sth. Youd better (not) do sth. What/ How about doing sth.? Shall we do sth.? Would you like to do sth.? 16. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 If you were in a similar sit
23、uation as the son, what would you do? 从句 were, 主句 WCMS+ do(WCMS would could might should) 17. cant wait to do sth. Cant wait to see you back in school! Cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 18. Wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气， 表示难以实现的愿望 I wish she had come!我真希望她来！ wish 宾语从句表示虚拟语气，从句谓语动词的形式如下： 与现在相反， did/were 与过去相反， had+done
24、 与将来相反，WCMS+do Ellen is a fantastic dancer, I wish I danced as well as her.(与现在事实相反) I wish I had been at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in Paris then. 19. With 复合结构 The middle part contains the “meat” of the story, with the ending being a summary, a powerful quote or
25、even a surprise for the reader. With + 宾语+宾补 在句子中常作状语，表示时间、原因、方式、条件或伴随，具体形式有： I cant work with all that noise going on. With his hair cut, he looked much younger. With so much work to do, I cant go on holiday. He often sleeps with the windows open. He left the room with the light on. The teacher cam
26、e in with a book in his hand. 20. Sb. was about to do.when. 某人正要做.正在那时 I was about to throw everything away when my mother came in. 21. 22. What if.?如果.怎么办？ 如果.将会怎么样？ =what would happen if.? What/How about.? What for? So what? How come? 23. Keep in mind that. = bear in mind that. Always keep in mind
27、 that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. We need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person. Keep in mind that the price does not include flights. Make up ones mind Change ones mind 24.Way 后定语从句 Although technology has changed th
28、e way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. 关系词在从从句中作状语，关系词为 that, in which 或 省略 关系词在从从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词为 that 或 which （作宾语时关系词可省略） The way (that/ in which) he did it attracted me. I did it in the way (that/which) you told me. 25. Be to do 结构 The next
29、 morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. 26. Couldnt/cant have done不可能做过某事 You couldnt have dragged Jimmy out of New York; he thought it was the only place on earth. 27. The+比较级., the+比较级. The more we know about this lovely creature, the greater the chance it will survive. The more,
30、the better. The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes. Stronger and stronger 28. It is after all we who are the visitors to their world. 强调句: It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余部分 如何判断强调句： 判断是否是强调句，可把 it is/was.that 去掉， 把强调的部分还原到句子中。 如果句子仍然是完整的，就是强调句，否则不是。 29. 无生命名词+find/see/witness发生，
31、见证，目睹 了某事 Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice. 夏天，群山葱绿，稻谷飘荡。 The last ten years have witnessed great changes in our city. History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. 30. So that 引导目的状语从句 Eating a lot of fish and
32、 meat keeps our bodies strong so that we can. So that 引导的目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，从句中常含有 may, might, can could 等情态 动词 He got up very early so that he could catch up the early bus. So that 还引导结果状语从句，从句中通常不用情态动词。 31. Make it adj./n. for sb./sth. to do Makes it difficult for us to grow enough vegetables and fr
33、uit. Vt.+it+宾补+真正的宾语 6123 结构 6 make, think, believe, find, consider, feel; 1 形式宾语 it 2 宾补两种形式 形容词和名词 3 真正宾语的三种形式： 不定式、动名词、that 从句 (2017 全国卷) The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. (2018 全国卷) In his introduction, he make it
34、clear that our credits would be hard-earned. (2018 七选五) I keep practicing even when Im extremely tired. I find it hard to stop. 32. And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty o
35、f the world around them. 1) 否定词+形容词或副词的比较级 （+than） 2) 常用的否定词：not, no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly 3) 意义：再没有更.的了，再.不过了 4) 比较级表示最高级含义的其它结构 33 介词+关系代词+to do Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things. 33. 定语从句-“介词+关系代词” 1）“介词+关系代词”引导的定从，关系代词通常是 which(物), whom(人
36、) This is the clinic in which I worked for three years. Do you know the teenager about whom they are talking? 2）“介词+which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，分别相当于 when, where, why. She still remembers the day on which(=when) she graduated from university. He showed us around the courtyard in which (=where) a famous
37、poet once lived. Can you tell me the reason for which (=why) you are rude to your schoolmate? 3）不定代词/数词/名词等+of which/whom 通常引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中一般作主语。 He has ten cousins, half/three of whom are clever. He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is clever. 4）“介词+whose” 修饰后面的名词 This is Professor Wang, in w
38、hose class I learn a lot about English literature. 5)“介词+关系代词” 中介词确定： 一先二动三意义 一先： 根据先行词的搭配习惯 I remember the day on which I had my money lost and was starving. 二动： 依据定从中动词的搭配习惯 This is the curtain for which I paid 100 yuan.（pay for） This is the curtain on which I spent 100 yuan.（spend on） 三意义： 根据从句表达的意思来确定 Patience is a kind of quality, without which you cant work well. 注意： 当关系代词作 look for, look after, take care of, see to 等不能拆开的动词短语的宾语 时，介词不可提前。 This is the painting which/that Im looking for. 介词+关系代词也可以引导定语从句。 He lives in a big house, in front of which stands a tall sculpture.
