1、宾语从句复习 复习要点 1.宾语从句的概念. 2.宾语从句的三要素 . （1） 引导词 （2 ）宾语从句的语序 （3） 宾语从句的时态 什么是宾语？ I know him. Do you have the time? I think (that) she is beautiful. Why dont you pay attention to me? 宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。 位于谓语动词或者介词后 宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的 从句构成的。 宾语从句就是从句充当主句中的宾语。 宾语从句三要素 引导词（连接词） 语序 时态 （一）引导词 1
2、.由从属连词由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 2.由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 3.由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导的宾引导的宾 语从句语从句 由从属连词由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 注：注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略 e.g. I hear (that) _. He said (that) _. The
3、teacher told us (that) _. 由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句 if/ whether “是否” ，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在 ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。 1. Ask himif (whether) he will go to the park with us 2. I wonder if (whether) he will go to the park with us 3. Could you tell me if (whether) he will go to the park wit
4、h us ? 只能用 whether 不能用 if 的情况 1. 在介词后面：在介词后面： Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow. 2. 在动词不定式前在动词不定式前(whether to do sth.) ： They asked me whether to go skating. 3.当与当与 or not 连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择时时: I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary
5、asked whether I was doing my homework or not. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room. 4. 宾语从句提前时：宾语从句提前时： Whether this is true or not, I cant say. Practice time if / whether 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. Were worried about _ he is safe. 3. I wonder _ he is well. 4. I dont kn
6、ow _ or not he is well. 5. I dont know _ to go. 由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导的宾从引导的宾从 代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。 1. He asked _. 2. Do you know_? 3. He asked_. 4. Do you know _? 5. Please tell me _. 6. Can you t
7、ell me _? 7. Could you tell me _ Practice time what, which, who, whom, when, why,where, how, whatever, whoever The teacher askedI was late today. Do you still rememberhe said in the meeting? Do you knowthey are waiting for? Can you tell mecountry you are from, America or England? I really want to kn
8、owyour hometown is. No one knowsthey opened the box. 二、语序二、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分 主句主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分） 1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library . 2. What did he
9、want to buy ? I dont know what did he want to buy . I dont know what he wanted to buy . 注：当从句的原句为以下句子注：当从句的原句为以下句子 以及以及 what, who 作作主语主语时，语序不变时，语序不变 Whats wrong?Whats the matter? Whats happening? What happened? eg: I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? Can you tell me who
10、he is ? Practice time 1. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_. A. who is heB. who he is C. who is itD. who it is 2. Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had putB. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为 think, consider, suppose, b
11、elieve, expect, guess, imagine 等，等， 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定从句谓语用肯定 式式。 I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 I dont think you are right. 我认为你是错的。我认为你是错的。 我认为你今天无法完成工作我认为你今天无法完成工作 I dont believe you will finish the work today. 三、
12、时态三、时态 1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态， 根据实际情况而定根据实际情况而定。 I know he lives here. I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow . 2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时） ， 从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 （一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mo
13、ther. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it . 3. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时， 仍用一般现在时。仍用一般现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. He told me the earth moves around the sun. 4. 从句中有具
14、体时间状语，即使从句动作发生从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生 在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960. I heard that he went to Paris last night. Exercises: 1.The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) 2.I hearThe radio says it _cloudy tomorrow. (be) 3.He said he_(return) it the next day. 4.He
15、said that they _members of the Party since 1948. (be) 5.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise) 考点揭密考点揭密 1.宾语从句的三种类型及其引导词的选择。宾语从句的三种类型及其引导词的选择。 (1)以以 that 引导引导(that 无词义常可省略无词义常可省略)。 (2)以以 if 或或 whether 引导引导(意为意为“是否是否”)。 (3)以连接代词或连接副词引导。以连接代词或连接副词引导。 2.宾语从句的时态，尤其是主句为过去式时，宾语从句的时态，尤其是主句为过去式时，从句的时态选用。从句的时态选用。 3.宾语从句中，从句部分都是真理性的，则时态不随主句改变，永远用一般现在时。宾语从句中，从句部分都是真理性的，则时态不随主句改变，永远用一般现在时。 4.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序，即从句部分应为陈述句语序即从句部分应为陈述句语序。尤其要注意引导词尤其要注意引导词：或或 whether 引导的宾引导的宾 语从句及以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。语从句及以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
