1、第 1 页 连词连词 一、连词主要包括并列连词和从属连词。在句子中，连词起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子 和句子的作用。它本身在句子里不单独做句子成分。 连词，是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分，但可以起连接的作用，即连接词与词或句与句。 例如：We may be leaving today or tomorrow. Now I must go or I shall be late for the party. 二、连词的种类 连词有两类：1）从属连词：引导从句。随着从句作用不同，它们又可分为 几类： 从句种类主要从属连词从句种类主要从属连词 时间从句When，while，as before，af
2、ter，until， till，whenever 原因从句because， as， since 条件从句If, unless, supposingsuppose让步从句although，though even,though(if) while 目的从句in order that, so that方式从句as like the way as if as though 结果从句sothat, suchthat, so that so地点从句Where, wherever 比较从句than as 此外还有 that, whether 等从属连词可引导名词从句，在句中担任主语、宾语等 Practice
3、 1.(2011 肇庆)cant understand this sentence _there are no new words in it. A:ifB: becauseC:thoughD:as 2.(2011)Youll be late _you dont get up early tomorrow morningA:ifB:when C:beforeD:until 3.(2010 广东)Hi,boys,please dont go back home _the rain stops,or youll get wet. A:becauseB: sinceC:butD:until 4.(2
4、009 深圳)_you go across the road ,you must be careful. A:SinceB: AfterC:WhenD:Before 2）并列连词：连接两个互不依从的次、短语或分句： Slow but sure. 要慢而稳。（连接单词） Shell be back either this week or next week. 她将在这周或下周回来。（连接短语） I went and she went also. 我去了，她也去了。（连接分句） 并列连词有下面几类： 第 2 页 表示意思转折的连词butyethowevernevertheless 表示因果关系的连
5、词forsothereforehence 其他并列连词andoreitherorneithernor not onlybut alsobothandas well as 从属连词 重点一：重点一：when ,while 1. 引导时间状语从句的连词 这类连词主要有： (1)when: Dont get excited when you talk. 讲话时别激动。 When he got up he felt dizzy. 他站起身时感到头晕。 (2)while: We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。 While she ate she g
6、rew more restless. 她一边吃一边变得更加忐忑不安。 （3）as: As he spoke two men came up. 在他讲话时两个人走了进来。 He smiled as he passed. 他经过时笑了笑。 （4）before: Look before you leap. 三思而后行。 It will be five years before we meet again. 要五年后咱们才能再相见。 （5）after: I arrived after he had left. 在他走后我到了。 Ill tell them after you have left. 你走
7、后我在告诉他们。 （6）until, till : Ill take no steps until you arrive. 你来之前我不会采取什么行动。 I propose waiting till the police get here. 我建议等警察来了再说。 （7）since: How long is it since you came to London? 你到伦敦有多久了？ It was years since I had seen her. 我有好多年没见到她了。 （8）whenever: I go and visit him whenever Im in town. 我每次进城都
8、去看他。 Whenever possible, they play outside. 一有机会他们就到外面玩耍。 练一练（2011 河南）The baby is only one year old ,so he doesnt speak _ Write. A: andB:orC: soD: but (2011 辽宁)She is listening to the music _he is washing clothes. A：afterB:beforeC:whileD:until 第 3 页 2. 重点二：主将从现重点二：主将从现 1）条件状语从句主要由 if, unless, supposi
9、ng(suppose)引导： I must leave if thats the case. He will come if asked. 。 I wont write unless he writes first. Ill go there tomorrow unless it rains. Supposing that he asks you, will you go? Supposing his plan goes wrong, what will you do then? Suppose she finds out, what shall we do then? Suppose you
10、 lost your job tomorrow, what would you do? I will agree to go provided(providing) (that) my expenses are paid. She agreed to go and work there provided that her family could go with her. Ill dry the dishes, providing that you do the washing-up. 2）条件状语从句还有其他形式： You will always have a home as long as
11、 I have anything. Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed. 此外，as long as, so long as, in case, even if 都起连词作用。 3. 引导目的状语从句的连词，引导目的的状语从句的连词主要有下面这些： He left early in order that his children would not be alone in the house. I lent him 50 in order(so )that he might go for a holiday. Ask her to hurr
12、y up with the letters so that I can sign them.。 Please interpret this Chinese womans remarks so that I can understand them. Cant you fix it somehow so you could stay longer? Ill give him a map so he wont get lost. She did it that he might go free. I am anxious to get done that I may be back in Irela
13、nd. He hurried on, lest she should meet him again. He hid the money lest it should be stolen. 4. 引导结果状语从句的连词 1）结果状语从句主要由 sothat 和 suchthat 引导： He was so young that you must excuse him. He was so fat that he couldnt get though the door. Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet. He s
14、hut the window with such force that the glass broke. They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house. that 有时可以省略，特别是在口语中。 5. 引导原因状语从句的连词 1）引导原因状语从句的连词主要有 because, as, since: Because it was wet he took a taxi. 第 4 页 He was worried because he hadnt had any letter from her.。 As Dav
15、id had a passion for walking, we started off on foot. As youre sorry, Ill forgive you. 2）还有一些表示原因的状语从句由 seeing（that）,considering(that)或 now that 等引导： Please dont try to back out now that everything has been arranged. Now youre here, you may make yourself useful. 3）许多用在形容词后的 that 从句也起原因状语的作用（that 有时可
16、省略）： She was glad that she had controlled herself. Im disappointed that they cannot come. 重点三：重点三： 就近原则就近原则 连词常考到的有以下几个词组： 1.both .and：表示两者都.注意：当 both.and 连接主语时，后面动词一般要用复数。如： Both Lily and Lucy are right. 2.not only. but also: 不仅.而且.。注意：后面动词采用就近原则,与 but also 后的词保持一 致。 如：Not only my parents but also
17、my brother likes the cat. 3.either.or:或者.或者.。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。如：Either you or I am wrong. 4.neither.nor：既不.也不. 是 either.or 的否定形式。谓语动词采用就近原则，与 nor 后的词保持一致。 如：Neither you nor he is right. 5.or 的用法： 意思为否则。如：I must work hard, or Ill fail in the exam.(我必须好好学习， 否则我会考不及格了。) 6.while, when, as 这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用
18、法有所不同。 1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的 时间状语从句。例如： As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car. 2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是 while。例如： While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework. 3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是 as。例如： As children get older, they become mor
19、e and more interested in things around them. 4) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边一边”时，最常用 as。例如： Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry. She looked behind from time to time as she went 5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用 when。例如： When he finished his work, he took a short rest. 6) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用 when。例如： When Joh
20、n arrived I was cooking lunch. 7.as, because, since , for 这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。 1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用 because。因此，because 引导的从句往往放在句 末。例如： I stayed at home because it rained. -Why arent you going? 第 5 页 -Because I dont want to. 2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用 as 或 since。Since 比 as 稍微 正式一点。As 和 since 引导的从句一
21、般放在句子的开头。例如： As he wasnt ready, we left without him. Since I have no money, I cant buy any food. 3) for 用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for 引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For 引导的句子不 放在句子的开头。例如： I decided to stop and have lunch-for I was feeling quite hungry. 8.if, whether if 和 whether 都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如： I wonder whether (if)
22、 you still study in that school. I dont know whether (if) he likes that film. 在下列情况下，只能用 whether,不能用 if： 1) 引导主语从句时。例如： Whether he will come to the party is unknown. 2) 引导表语从句时。例如： The question is whether I can pass the exam. 3) 在不定式前。例如： I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not. 9.sothat
23、, such.that 1) sothat 中的 so 是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而 such.that 中的 such 是个形容词， 后接名词或名词短语。例如： Im so tired that I cant walk any farther. It was such a warm day that he went swimming. 2) 如果在名词之前有 many, much, little, few 时，用 so,不用 such。例如： He has so little education that he is unable to get a job. I have had s
24、o many falls that I am black and blue all over. 重点四重点四:though/although 和和 but 连用连用 ,since/for /as 和和 so 不能连用不能连用 这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为： Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或 He is over sixty, but he works as hard
25、 as others. 11.because, so 这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为 Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或 John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. 考点精练 1. Usually we dont realize how important nature is to us_ it is too late. A. unless B. un
26、til C. if D. after 2Go to bed early，_ you wont get up on time next morning. Athen Band Cbut Dor 3 Tony is a clever boy， _ he usually fails in Chinese exams.A so B but C or D. because 4. Could you please give me your e-mail address _ you go?A. as soon as B. before C. after D. until 第 6 页 5. Dont get
27、off the bus _ it has stopped .A. until B. if C. to D. for 6. He met many problems _ he was going over his lessons .A. before B. as soon as C. since D. while 7. We have been good friends _ we joined the same ping-pong team.A. after B. before C. since D. until 8. My brother is going to look for anothe
28、r job_the company offers him more money A. after B.when C unless Dbesides 9. I didnt know he came back _ I met him in the street. A. since B. when C. until D. after 10. -Look! Here comes our school bus.-No hurry. Dont get on it _it has stopped. A. until B. after C. since D. when 11. When someone is
29、ill, he _ she should try to smile at life. A. and B. but C. or D. so 12. Come _ see my family. A. and B. or C. but D.until 13. - How long have you known the doctor ?- _ he helped me three years ago. A. When B. Before C. Because D. Since 14. Study hard, _ youll fall behind the others. A. and B. but C. or D. though 15-Be careful， _ you will make mistakes in your exams -I know that，MumOne can never be too careful
