1、宾语从句 一.什么是宾语? We know him We know (that) he likes English. 主主s s 主主s s 谓谓v v 谓谓v v 宾宾 宾宾o o 主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o 简单句简单句 复合句复合句 二二 什么是宾语从句?什么是宾语从句?试比较 宾语从句宾语从句就是由一个就是由一个句子来构成句子来构成主句的主句的宾语宾语 I dont believe that he passed the test. 主句主句 从句从句 主句主主句主 语语 主句谓语主句谓语主句宾语主句宾语 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语从句宾语从句宾语 连接词连接词 宾语从句三要
2、素:宾语从句三要素: 1.连连 接接 词词 3.时时 态态 2.语语 序序 连接词连接词:that if whether 连接代词连接代词:what who whose whom which 连接副词:连接副词:when where how why 1. 1.由连词由连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 3.3.由连接代词由连接代词 who, whom, whose, whichwho, whom, whose, which, whatwhat 和和连接副词连接副词 where, how, why, whenwhere, how, why, when 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句
3、2.2.由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 1. I hear (that) _. 2. He said (that) _. 3. The teacher told us (that) _ _. he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves (1)由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 注:注:that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不充在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不充 当成分,在口语当中往往省略。当成分,在口语当中往往省略。 around the
4、sun 1. April is the hottest month of the year. (I believe) I believe (that) April is the hottest month of the year. 2. It was a little crowded. ( I guess) I guess (that) it was a little crowded. 练习:二合一练习:二合一 3. The races were not that interesting to watch. (Bill thinks ) Bill thinks (that) the races
5、 were not that interesting to watch. 4. The Water Festival is really fun. ( I know) I know (that) the Water Festival is really fun. 5. Miss Liu will go to the beach tomorrow. (I hear ) I hear (that) Miss Liu will go to the beach tomorrow. 6. The food was delicious . ( He says) He says(that) the food
6、 was delicious. (2)由由if/whether引导的宾语从句:引导的宾语从句: Is Jim at home? (Tell me) 二合一 Tell me if/whether Jim is at home. if和和whether引导宾语从句时,作引导宾语从句时,作“是否是否”讲,讲, 一般情况下,二者没有区别,可以换用。但一般情况下,二者没有区别,可以换用。但if 常用于口语中,常用于口语中,whether比较正式。比较正式。 告诉我告诉我Jim是否在家。是否在家。 ( 注意:注意:引导条件状语从句时,引导条件状语从句时,if意为意为“如果如果” Well go hikin
7、g if it doesnt rain tomorrow.) 如: Does he like sports? 第二步第二步,在从句前加上连接词,在从句前加上连接词 whether/if 方法: 第一步第一步,将一般疑问句变成陈述句。,将一般疑问句变成陈述句。 Will they play basketball after school? He likes sports. They will play basketball after school. Tell me if/whether Jim is at home. 主句主句 + if / whether + 陈述句陈述句 (注意:上句注意:
8、上句句末是句号,不是问号句末是句号,不是问号。思考为什么思考为什么) 练习:把下列各句变为宾语从句 1.Is Jim at home? (I wonder) I wonder whether Jim is at home. 2. Is June a good time to visit Hong Kong? ( He wonders) He wonders if June is a good time to visit Hong Kong 3. Does he like sports? ( Do you know) Do you know whether he likes sports? 4.
9、 Will they play basketball after school? ( He asks) He asks if they will play basketball afte school. 3. Does he like sports? ( Do you know) Do you know if he likes sports? 4. Will they play basketball after school? ( He asks) He asks whether they will play basketball after school. 由由Wh- /How 引导的宾语从
10、句引导的宾语从句 Where are you? (She asks) When does Mike get up every morning? (Do you know) She asks where you are. Do you know when Mike gets up every morning? Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? (Could you tell me? ) 二合一二合一 Could you tell me whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208? 宾语从句,注意要把从句语序改为宾语从句,注意要把从句语序改为陈述
11、句陈述句语序。语序。 1. 若主句是若主句是一般现在时一般现在时,从句用任何所需时,从句用任何所需时 态。态。 如:如: He wants to know if they had a good journey home. 他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。 2. 若主句是若主句是一般过去时一般过去时,从句则用跟,从句则用跟过去过去相关的相关的 时态。即一般时态。即一般现在现在时变为一般时变为一般过去过去时、时、现在现在进行进行 时变为时变为过去过去进行时、进行时、一般一般将来时为将来时为过去过去将来时、将来时、 现在现在完成时态变为完成时态变为过去过去完成时。完成时。
12、 如:如: Does the train leave? She didnt know. She didnt know whether the train left. 3.若从句内容为若从句内容为客观事实、真理、自然现象、客观事实、真理、自然现象、 名言警句、谚语等,名言警句、谚语等,一律用一般现在时。一律用一般现在时。 Mr. Smith told us light goes faster than sound. 连接词 连接词 句子类型句子类型 that陈述句陈述句 一般疑问句一般疑问句 if/whether 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 Summary总结总结 主句时态主句时
13、态从句时态从句时态 一般现在时、一般将一般现在时、一般将 来时、祈使句时来时、祈使句时 根据句意的需要用根据句意的需要用 任意一种时态任意一种时态 一般过去时一般过去时 与原句相对应的过与原句相对应的过 去的时态去的时态 客观事实、真理、客观事实、真理、 自然现象、名言警自然现象、名言警 句、谚语等句、谚语等 一律用一般现在一律用一般现在 时时 Summary总结总结 宾语从句三件事,宾语从句三件事, 时态语序连接词;时态语序连接词; 主从时态要一致,主从时态要一致, 陈述语序才合适;陈述语序才合适; 一般问句做从句,一般问句做从句, 连接词连接词if别忘记;别忘记; 特殊问句做宾从,特殊问句
14、做宾从, 特殊问词莫漏掉。特殊问词莫漏掉。 注意注意: 连词连词that不能省略的几种情况不能省略的几种情况: 在由在由that引导的宾语从句中,由于连词引导的宾语从句中,由于连词that 只起引导功能,无具体意义,不担当任何成份,只起引导功能,无具体意义,不担当任何成份, 因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而, 在下列在下列that引导的宾语从句中,引导的宾语从句中,that则不能省则不能省 略。略。 1. 从句的主语是从句的主语是that。如:。如: He says that that is a real kings hat. 他说那是一个真的王
15、冠。他说那是一个真的王冠。 2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如:从句中含有主从复合句。如: Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it.恐怕如果你丢了的话,你得赔。恐怕如果你丢了的话,你得赔。 3. 主、从句之间有插入语时。如:主、从句之间有插入语时。如: It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.卡片上写着,它是古代演戏用的。卡片上写着,它是古代演戏用的。 4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾引导的宾 语从句,且由并列连词连接时
16、,只有第一个语从句,且由并列连词连接时,只有第一个 连词连词that可以省略。如:可以省略。如: She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son. 她说她要来,还要带她说她要来,还要带 她的儿子来。她的儿子来。 但是但是: 当从句的原句为以下句子,当从句的原句为以下句子, 以及以及what, who作主语时,作主语时,语序不变语序不变: Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? 例例:I dont know whats the matter. Can
17、you tell me who is over there? 1. 1.由连词由连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 3.3.由连接代词由连接代词 who, whom, whose, whichwho, whom, whose, which, whatwhat 和和连接副词连接副词 where, how, why, whenwhere, how, why, when 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 2.2.由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 宾语从句的宾语从句的句型变化句型变化 宾语从句的句型变化一般体现在主句的变化上。宾语从句的句型变化一般体现在主句的变化上。 Please tell me how I can go there. Could you please tell me how I can go there ? Dont tell me how I can go there .